Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.5.4.4 (adenosine deaminase)
 5,136 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify the immunological aspect of tuberculosis, we investigated serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, T and B cell percentile in total peripheral mononuclear cells, peripheral T cell subpopulation and their relationship with other inflammatory parameters in 20 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Serum ADA activity showed abnormal high level in all patients in nontreated phase with significant regression after three months treatment by anti-tuberculous drugs (P less than 0.05). In addition, significant positive correlation was observed between serum ADA activity and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at 1 hour (r = 0.56). Concerning about peripheral T cell subpopulation studied by two colour flow cytometry with FITC-conjugated anti-CD4 and phycoerythrin-conjugated anti-HLA-DR antibody, there was positive correlation between CD4(-) HLA-DR(+) T cell and serum ADA activity (r = 0.59) without any abnormal frequency of each T cell subpopulation. Additionally, after the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, significant increase of T cell percentile in total peripheral mononuclear cells were observed (P less than 0.005). In conclusion, these results may suggest serum ADA activity could be a parameter of activity of pulmonary tuberculosis and reflect the function of activated suppressor/cytotoxic T cell.
 ...
PMID:[Serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis]. 221 10

The purine metabolic enzymes adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) are important in lymphocyte differentiation, and genetic deficiencies of either enzyme have been associated with hereditary immunodeficiency states. Both ADA and PNP activity were measured in null cell-enriched and T cell-enriched peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), seven patients with the AIDS-related symptom complex (ARC), and seven asymptomatic homosexuals. ADA activity in nmol/10(6) lymphocytes/h was significantly elevated in null lymphocytes from AIDS (161 +/- 12) as compared with 23 healthy heterosexual controls (127 +/- 8;P less than .025). PNP activity was also significantly increased in null lymphocytes from AIDS patients (96 +/- 10;P less than .005) as well as those from ARC patients (84 +/- 11:P less than .025) relative to controls (61 +/- 5). No significant differences in enzyme activity were noted in T cell-enriched cells in any group. Along with elevated enzyme activity, AIDS patients had small yet significant increases in the percentages of HLA-DR (P less than .025), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) (P less than .0001), and peanut agglutinin receptor (P less than .0001) positive lymphocytes in the null fraction compared with controls. TdT-positive cells appeared morphologically as large lymphoblasts with irregular nuclei. The data imply that the cellular immune deficiency in AIDS is not a result of deficiencies in lymphocyte ADA or PNP activity, but is more likely associated with an increase in an immature and/or activated lymphocyte subset.
 ...
PMID:Elevated adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in peripheral blood null lymphocytes from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 392 55

The leukemic cells in chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) patients have been studied prior to theory with a panel of immunological markers. Cells were assayed for the presence of receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E active and total rosettes), C3d component of complement (EAC rosettes), mouse erythrocytes (M rosettes), some of them also for surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg). In vitro 24 h cultures without mitogen (detection of spontaneous DNA synthesis) or 72 h cultures with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were also performed. These conventional immunological markers and functional lymphocyte characteristics have been correlated with enzyme activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP). Electrophoretic patterns of radiolabeled proteins under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE) have also been determined in some patients of this group. Phenotypic surface characterization of blood elements of all CLL patients studied revealed their B origin, with increased values of EAC rosette forming cells and especially increased values of M rosette forming cells. Significantly decreased values of both, ADA and PNP, were found in all the cases. Electrophoretic patterns of radiolabeled surface proteins from cells of CLL patients were essentially similar within the group with characteristically strongly radiolabeled glycoproteins gp44--HLA heavy chain and glycoproteins gp29, gp35--Ia-like or HLA-DR antigen.
 ...
PMID:Some immunological and biochemical markers in chronic lymphatic leukemia patients. 681 48

Peripheral blood or bone marrow of 24 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were characterized for their surface membrane marker profiles using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Purine metabolism enzyme activities were compared with membrane immunophenotype and cytochemical stains. CML subtypes were correlated with the expression of surface membrane antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies. On the basis of immunophenotyping we found the following characteristic marker profiles: In stable phase of CML (CML-SP)-CD15, CD11b, CDw65, CD13, in accelerated phase of CML (CML-AP)-CD15, CDw65, CD11b, CD13 and CD33, in myeloid blastic phase of CML(CML-BP-M)-CD13, CD33, HLA-DR, CD11b, CD15, CDw65, in myeloid and lymphoid (mixed) blastic phase of CML (CML-BP-M+L)-CD13, CD33, CD34, HLA-DR, CD11b, CD10 and in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)-CD14, CDw65, CD11b, CD33 and HLA-DR. Analysis of purine metabolism enzyme activities showed that there was a correlation between the values of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and various types of CML. ADA levels in CML-SP, CML-AP and CMML were comparable with those in normal cells. In CML-BP-M, which represents proliferation of less mature myeloid cells (similar to less mature AML subtypes), ADA activity increased and PNP activity decreased. ADA activity was significantly different between control group and CML-BP-M (p < 0.01), between CML-SP and CML-BP-M (p < 0.05). The values of PNP activity were the highest in stable phase of CML (125 pkat. 10(-6) cells) and the lowest (23 pkat.10(-6) cells) in CML-BP-M+L. PNP activity in the other groups corresponded to control values. High ADA/PNP ratio was found in CML-BP-M and CML-BP-M+L (0.7 and 2.0, respectively) in comparison to CML-SP (0.2). It follows from our results that ADA/PNP ratio enables to discriminate between stable and blast phases of CML (p < 0.01). The level of the cytochemical enzymes (CHAE, MPO, SBB, ANAE and 5' NT) varied and reflected the degree of cell differentiation and maturation. CHAE and MPO were characteristic enzymes for CML, ANBE for CMML and 5' NT for CML-BP-lymphoid.
 ...
PMID:Chronic myeloid leukemia: correlation between purine metabolism enzyme activities and membrane immunophenotype. 761 76

A total of 34 AML patients with heterogenous age distribution (from 2 years up to 82 years) were observed. Purine metabolism enzyme activities were compared and correlated with membrane immunophenotype. Analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples based on FAB criteria and immunologic phenotyping of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) provided useful--either confirmatory or contradictory-information on the distribution of M1-M6 patients demonstrating a predominance of M1+M2 and M4 groups (44% and 32.4%, respectively). In contrast, it was demonstrated that less frequent subtypes were M3 and M6 (5.9% and 2.9%, respectively). AML subtypes were correlated with expression of surface antigens detected by the following monoclonal antibodies: CD13, CD33, CDw65, CD11b, CD15, CD14, HLA-DR and CD34. On the basis of immunophenotyping we found the following characteristic markers: M1, M2-CD34, HLA-DR, CD13, CD33, CDw65; M3-CD13, CD33, HLA-DR (negative); M4, M5-CDw65, CD14, CD13, CD33 and HLA-DR. CD14 was confirmed to be a typical marker for discriminating myeloid from monocytoid FAB AML subtypes. Analysis of purine metabolism enzyme activities showed that there is a correlation between the values of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase and various immunotypes of AML. High ADA/PNP ratio (> 1.0) was found in M1, M2, M3 subtypes. It was due to the increased level of ADA activity (> 100 pkat.10(-6) cells), though these activities overlapped to a certain extent. It was shown that PNP activity simultaneously decreased. With maturation of cells within AML lineage ADA activity decreased and PNP activity increased. This corresponded with ADA/PNP ratio that was < 1.0 in cells of more mature AML subtypes. We found that the enzymatic values were characteristic mainly in cells of M5 (monocytic) AML subtype and were characterized by decreased values of ADA activity with a simultaneous increase in PNP activity. It follows from our results that ADA/PNP ratio enables to discriminate between myeloid and monocytoid subtypes of AML.
 ...
PMID:Acute myeloid leukemia: correlation between purine metabolism enzyme activities and membrane immunophenotype. 828 64

Peripheral blood, bone marrow and/or lymph nodes of 77 patients with T- and B-ALLs/lymphomas were characterized for their surface membrane marker profiles using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Purine metabolism enzyme activities were compared with membrane immunophenotypes. T and B-ALLs/lymphomas subtypes were defined by the expression of surface membrane antigens detected by the monoclonal antibodies. Based on immunophenotyping we found the following characteristic marker profiles: in T-ALL-CD7, CD2, CD1, CD5, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD38, CD71; in T-NHL-CD7,CD2,CD3,CD4,CD5,CD6; in pre-B ALL-CD10, CD19, CD24, HLA-DR, CD34, in B-ALL-CD19, CD20, CD24, HLA-DR, SmIg with kappa or lamda light chains; in B-ALL-weak SmIg, kappa or lambda, CD19, CD20, CD24, CD5, HLA-DR; in B-NHL-CD19, CD20, CD22, CD24, CD5, more intensive SmIg, kappa or lambda. The cells of leukemic cases tended to have more immature phenotypes than those of lymphoma cases. Analysis of purine metabolism enzyme activities showed that there was a correlation between the values of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside (PNP) and various types of T- and B-ALLs/lymphomas. ADA levels in B-NHL and B-CLL were lower than those in normal cells, while ADA level in T-ALL, T-NHL, pre-B-ALL and B-ALL was higher (the average 185,92,73,63 pkat. 10(-6)cells, respectively). ADA activity was significantly different between lymphocytes of control group and T-ALL(p<0.01), between T-ALL and T-NHL(p<0.05), between T-NHL and B-NHL(p<0.05) and between T-ALL and B-NHL(p<0.05). PNP activities were lower to those in normal cells. ADA/PNP ratio increased mostly in T-ALL, less in T-NHL, pre-B-ALL and B-ALL (10.8 and 5.3 and 2.2, and 2.0 respectively). ADA/PNP ratio was significantly different between T-ALL and pre-B-ALL(p<0.05) and between T-ALL and B-NHL(p<0.05).
 ...
PMID:A comparison of some leucocyte differentiation markers and the adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase values in B and T cell leukemias and lymphomas. 859 72

Different systemic and local responses to mycobacterial antigens suggest an active compartmentalization of responsive lymphocytes to tubercular antigens. This fact, observed in pleuritic processes, raises doubts about the accuracy of information obtained in the study of cells taken solely from peripheral blood. For this reason we decided to study the concept of compartmentalization in 140 patients suffering from pleural effusions. Patients were classified into six groups according to the aetiology of the effusion: group I, tuberculous, n = 23; group II, paraneoplastic, n = 41; group III, metapneumonic empyematous, n = 5; group IV, transudate, n = 38; group V, miscellaneous exudate, n = 19; group VI, unknown aetiology, n = 14. In each group we studied the lymphocyte population by using flow cytometry with doubly fluorescent monoclonal antibodies: B [expressing human lymphocyte antigen (HLA)-DR on the surface], T (CD3+), CD4+ and CD8+, and the subpopulation of activated T lymphocytes (together expressing CD3 and HLA-DR on the surface) (CD3+DR+). The study of these subpopulations in peripheral blood did not yield valuable results, but the CD3+DR+ population in pleural fluid demonstrated a diagnostic efficiency of 84% [positive predictive value (PPV) 51%, negative predictive value (NPV) 96%] at a cut-off value of 80.4 cells/mm3. The CD3+DR+ pleural fluid/peripheral blood ratio demonstrated an efficiency of 83% (PPV 50%, NPV 96%), and showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.02) with regard to all the diagnostic groups, with the exception of the paraneoplastic effusions. The lymphocytic subpopulations study confirms the concept of compartmentalization in tuberculous pleuritis, as shown by the greater number of activated T lymphocytes present in pleural fluid in comparison with peripheral blood in tuberculous pleuritis, a 98% efficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) determination in pleural fluid versus a 50% value in peripheral blood, predominance of helper cells (CD4+) in pleural fluid and suppressor cells (CD8+) in peripheral blood, a greater CD4+/CD8+ ratio in pleural fluid than in peripheral blood, and a significant correlation of ADA-CD3+DR+ in pleural fluid, which does not occur in peripheral blood.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocyte populations in tuberculous pleural effusions. 1045 12

Clinical evaluation of immune reconstitution and health status during HIV-1 infection and anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is largely based on CD4+ T cell counts and viral load, measures that fail to take into account the CD8+ T cell subset, known to show features of accelerated aging in HIV disease. Here, we compare adenosine deaminase (ADA), glucose uptake receptor 1 (GLUT1), and leucine-rich repeat neuronal 3 (LRRN3) to CD38 expression and telomerase activity, two strong predictors of HIV disease progression. Our analysis revealed that reduced ADA, telomerase activity and LRRN3 gene expression were significantly associated with high CD38 and HLA-DR in CD8+ T cells, with % ADA+ cells being the most robust predictor of CD8+ T cell activation. Our results suggest that ADA, LRRN3 and telomerase activity in CD8+ T cells may serve as novel, clinically relevant biomarkers of immune status in HIV-1 infection, specifically by demonstrating the degree to which CD8+ T cells have progressed to the end stage of replicative senescence. Since chronological aging itself leads to the accumulation of senescent CD8+ T cells, the prolonged survival and resultant increased age of the HIV+ population may synergize with the chronic immune activation to exacerbate both immune decline and age-associated pathologies. The identification and future validation of these new biomarkers may lead to fresh immune-based HIV treatments.
 ...
PMID:Accelerated aging in HIV/AIDS: novel biomarkers of senescent human CD8+ T cells. 2371 51