Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (urease)
 7,257 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Strains of a novel species of the rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium holsaticum sp. nov., were isolated from various clinical specimens. The isolates grew at 22-40 degrees C, were positive for nitrate and tellurite reduction, had phosphatase, urease, nicotinamidase and pyrazinamidase activities, were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin and were susceptible to streptomycin and ethambutol. Analyses of the 165 rRNA gene and a fragment of the heat-shock protein gene hsp65 revealed unique nucleotide sequences. A phylogenetic analysis based on the comparison of the 16S rDNA sequence with that of other mycobacterial species allocated the strain to the rapidly growing mycobacteria. A conspicuous characteristic of the novel species is the similarity of the species-specific sequence of the 16S rRNA gene to the sequence of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, resulting in a cross-reaction with the AccuProbe for the M. tuberculosis complex when performed with a 5 min selection step. The type strain of the novel species is strain 1406(T) ( = DSM 44478(T) = CCUG 46266(T)). Another strain of M. holsaticum sp. nov., strain 5050, which differed in the internal transcribed spacer sequence, was deposited as DSM 44479 ( = CCUG 46267).
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PMID:Mycobacterium holsaticum sp. nov. 1250 58

The response of soil urease and phosphatase activities at different rice growth stages to free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) was studied. The results showed that comparing with the ambient atmospheric CO2 concentration (370 mumol.mol-1), FACE (570 mumol.mol-1) significantly increased the urease activity of 0-5 cm soil layer at the vigorous growth stage of rice, whole that of 5-10 cm layer had no significant change during the whole growing season. Phosphatase activity of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers significantly increased, and the peak increment was at the vigorous growth stage of rice.
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PMID:[Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil urease and phosphatase activities]. 1255 91

Bacteria of the avian [Pasteurella haemolytica]-'Actinobacillus salpingitidis' complex have been associated with different pathological conditions in birds, among which salpingitis and peritonitis in chickens of layer type seem to dominate. The aim of this study was to classify these bacteria by comparison of 37 strains tentatively classified as biovars of the avian [P. haemolytica]-'A. salpingitidis' complex or as Pasteurella anatis. PFGE, AFLP and plasmid profiling showed that strains representing different biovars were genotypically different. Phylogenetic analysis of 22 strains characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strains classified as biovars 5, 8 and 9 were closely related to the suggested type strain of 'A. salpingitidis' (98.4-99.9% similarity), whereas the remaining strains classified in 12 biovars or as P. anatis were closely related to the type strain of P. anatis (98.1-100% similarity). The two groups were related at 95.7-97.1% similarity. The closest similarity outside this group was 94.6%, between biovar 15 and Bisgaard taxon 3. DNA-DNA hybridization was performed with 34 strains and showed binding above 85% for strains of biovars 5 and 8, including the suggested type strain of 'A. salpingitidis'. Two strains of P. anatis (F 149T and F 279) were closely related at 79% DNA binding to 27 strains of biovars 1,3, 4, 11, 12, 17-20, 22 and 24. A new genus, Gallibacterium gen. nov., is proposed to include the avian [P. haemolytica]-'A. salpingitidis'-P. anatis complex, since these taxa form a monophyletic unit with similarities above 95% on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence comparison and they are unrelated to other genera of the family Pasteurellaceae Pohl 1981. The new genus consists of Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped or pleomorphic bacteria. The bacteria are catalase-, oxidase- and phosphatase-positive. Nitrate is reduced and acid is produced without gas formation from glycerol, (-)D-ribose, (+)D-xylose, (-)D-mannitol, (-)D-fructose, (+)D-galactose, (+)D-glucose, (+)D-mannose, sucrose and raffinose. The genus Gallibacterium can be separated from other genera of Pasteurellaceae by differences in catalass, symbiotic growth, haemolysis, urease, indole, acid production from (+)D-xylose, (-)D-mannitol, (-)D-sorbitol, (+)D-mannose, maltose, raffinose and dextrin and ONPG and PNPG tests. Pasteurella anatis Mutters et al. 1985 is transferred to the new genus as Gallibacterium anatis gen. nov., comb. nov. Genomospecies 1 of Gallibacterium is proposed to include the former biovars 5 and 8 of the avian [P. haemolytica]-'A. salpingitidis' complex. The type strain of Gallibacterium anatis is F 149T (=ATCC 43329T = NCTC 11413T) and the reference strain of Gallibacterium genomospecies 1 is CCM 5974.
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PMID:Genetic relationships among avian isolates classified as Pasteurella haemolytica, 'Actinobacillus salpingitidis' or Pasteurella anatis with proposal of Gallibacterium anatis gen. nov., comb. nov. and description of additional genomospecies within Gallibacterium gen. nov. 1265 85

Based on pot experiment with black soil, the effects of various concentrations and various valence of exogenous selenium on soybean yield and its N and P contents and on soil enzyme activities were studied. The results showed that applying 0.25 microgram.g-1 soil and 0.5 microgram.g-1 soil of both Se4+ and Se6+ could increase soybean yield and its N content and promote soil urease activity, but decrease the P content of soybean and soil phosphatase activity. When the concentration of Se6+ was 0.5 microgram.g-1 soil, there was a significantly parabola relationship between the N content of soybean and soil urease activity; and when the concentration of Se6+ was 0.25 microgram.g-1 soil, there was a significantly parabola relationship between the P content of soybean and soil phosphatase activity. There were no significant relationships between the N and P contents of soybean and the activities of test soil enzymes when Se4+ was applied.
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PMID:[Effect of exogenous selenium on soybean yield and its total N and P contents and on soil enzyme activities]. 1292 39

The main effects of pollutions including acid rain, Cu2+, atrazine and their combined products on the activities of urease, invertin, acid phosphatase and catalase were studied by means of orthogonal test. The results showed that H+ and Cu2+ had significant influence on the activities of four enzymes and the ability of their inhibiting followed the order: H+ > Cu2+. Al3+ and atrazine only had litter effects on the activity of urease and phosphatase, respectively. Furthermore, interaction analysis revealed that Cu2+ -H+ affected on the activity of acid phosphatase significantly and antagonism on invertin and urease, Cu2+ -atrazine only exhibited the synergism on the activity of acid phosphatase. But atrazine-H+ had non-interaction within the investigated concentration range. Among four enzymes, acid phosphatase was the most sensitive one to the contaminations.
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PMID:Effect of organic/inorganic compounds on the enzymes in soil under acid rain stress. 1513 33

Pot culture experiments were conducted to study the effect of industrial and sewage sludge on some enzyme activities and heavy metal concentrations in alluvial soil. The results showed that the heavy metals in both industrial and sewage sludge were mainly non-exchangeable, and those in sewage sludge had a lower concentration but a higher bio-availability than in industrial sludge. The application of sludge could increase the activities of soil urease, polyphenol oxidase and neutral phosphatase, and the polyphenol oxidase and neutral phosphatase activities showed a reverse relationship with the concentrations of soil exchangeable Zn and Cu. Soil polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities could be used to indicate the Zn pollution in soil.
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PMID:[Effect of continual application of two kinds sludge on enzyme activities and heavy metal concentrations in alluvial soil]. 1522 5

This paper studied the response of soil urease, phosphatase, arylsulphatase and dehydrogenase to 200 micromol x mol(-1) CO2 elevation under rice-wheat rotation. The results showed that under CO2 elevation, the urease activity in 0-10 cm soil layer was decreased at the early growth stages of wheat but increased at its booting stage; the activity increased at the early growth stages of rice but decreased at its ripening stage. Phosphatase activity was increased during the whole growth period of wheat; the activity increased at the tillering stage of rice but decreased at its later growth stages. Arylsulphatase activity was decreased at the over-wintering and booting stages of wheat but increased at its tillering and ripening stages. Dehydrogenase activity was decreased at the early growth stages of wheat and rice, but increased at their late growth stages.
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PMID:[Response of soil hydrolase and oxidoreductase activities to free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) under rice-wheat rotation]. 1536 26

This paper studied the effect of fertilization on cucumber growth and yield, soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activities in sunlight greenhouse in Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the growth and yield of cucumber were increased with application of manure and methane. Foliage application reduced the application rate of NP and manure. Fertilization had an obvious effect on the biological characteristics of soil in sunlight greenhouse. The number of bacteria was increased by manure and foliage fertilization, and that of fungi was increased by NP and methane fertilization but decreased by manure fertilization. Fertilization with manure, NP and methane also remarkably increased the number of actinomyces and the activities of urease, phosphatase and sucrase in soil. The activities of soil urease and phosphatase were increased by fertilization of manure, but little effect was found with fertilization of NP and methane.
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PMID:[Effect of fertilization on cucumber growth and soil biological characteristics in sunlight greenhouse]. 1550 4

The effects of different pesticides (propiconazole, profenofos, pretilachlor) on vermicomposting were evaluated for the adverse effects on soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, phosphatase, urease) and total microbial counts (TMC). There were remarkable increase in enzyme activities and TMC in presence of earthworm compared to control (earthworm absent). In comparison to control, the activities of phosphatase, dehydrogenase and urease in presence of vermicompost increased upto 30, 128 and 31.3% respectively; whereas increase of TMC was 71.9%. But, in presence of each of the pesticide, said activities decreased. Maximum inhibition of soil phosphatase activity (46.6%) was observed in presence of propiconazole (100 mg kg(-1)) after 120 days. Profenofos affected the soil dehydrogenase activity in the tune of 47% at 1000 mg kg(-1) concentration after 80 days and thereafter, the extent of toxicity decreased little. Soil urease activity was affected markedly in presence of profenofos and was 62% at 1000 mg kg(-1) level after 80 days. TMC also declined in presence of profenofos and pretilachlor. Increase in TMC was about 71.9% compared to control and the inhibition was more or less 60% when profenofos (1000 mg kg(-1)) was present even after 120 days of treatment.
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PMID:Pesticide effects on microbial population and soil enzyme activities during vermicomposting of agricultural waste. 1552 80

Humic substances and three hydrolytic enzymes (beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and urease) were extracted by neutral sodium pyrophosphate from an olive waste (dry olive cake), alone or mixed with municipal biosolids, during a nine month vermicomposting process. Easily degradable compounds decreased during the vermicomposting process because of microbial consumption. When municipal biosolids were added to dry olive cake, microbial activity increased and the amounts of compounds extracted by pyrophosphate were three times lower than olive cake alone. In both instances, beta-glucosidase, phosphatase and urease activities of the organic extracts either increased or remained the same after a nine month period of vermicomposting, thus suggesting that the humus enzyme complexes resisted microbial and earthworm attack. It is known that humus immobilised enzymes also remain active in soil environments, reactivating the nutrient cycles in soil. The use as amendments of vermicomposted olive cake, alone or when mixed with biosolids, could be a good alternative to reactivate the C, P and N-cycles in degraded soils for regeneration purposes.
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PMID:Hydrolytic enzyme activities of extracted humic substances during the vermicomposting of a lignocellulosic olive waste. 1560 91


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