Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (urease)
 7,257 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A simple semiquantitative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the rapid estimation of IgE levels in specimens of human blood, plasma or serum is described. The test requires little labour input and does not require highly trained personnel or instrumentation. By using two monoclonal antibodies of different anti-IgE specificities it is possible, with a single incubation of 20 min at ambient temperature, to detect elevated IgE levels (greater than or equal to 333 IU/ml) within a total test time of 25 min, and low levels of IgE (less than or equal to 10 IU/ml) within 35 min. For diagnosis of elevated/normal IgE levels only, a single incubation of 10 min. at ambient temperature may be used with a total test time of less than 20 min. The EIA system utilizes glass capillary tubes and urease-labelled antibodies, a system that has proven satisfactory in other applications.
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PMID:Monoclonal hybridoma antibodies against human IgE and their use in a rapid and sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the semiquantitative assessment of total IgE levels in human blood. 635 16

The diagnosis of IgE dependant food allergy relies on the demonstration of specific IgE by prick tests or in vitro tests. The ENEA System II (CIS bio international) is a new automatic assay analyser of specific IgE, that uses allergens coupled to a solid phase and a urease marked anti-IgE antibody. This study aims to compare the performance of the ENEA System II to that of Pharmacia CAP System for the assay of food specific IgE (milk, eggs, peanuts) by means of unit tests and multitests. Sixty three patients were included: 10 non atopic controls, 19 egg-allergic patients, 10 patients allergic to cow's milk, and 24 patients allergic to peanuts. The food allergy was proved by means of a double blind oral, labial or bronchial challenge and/or effective avoidance of the food. For both systems, the specificity of unit tests was 100%. Sensitivity was 60% and 100% with both systems, using milk and peanuts respectively. However, using eggs, it was only 74% with ENEA System II versus 95% with Pharmacia CAP System. The intra-trial variation coefficients were comparable. In contrast, inter-trial variation coefficient was very high for the ENEA System II (20.3% versus 7.3%). The multitest named "children's food" showed an important inter-set variability. In conclusion, the ENEA System II is a rapid automatic tester whose performance has to be improved. The actual thermostatically control of the system was shown to achieve quality assay. The conservation of the solid phase, recently perfected, is expected to suppress the inter-set variability.
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PMID:[Measurement of levels of specific IgE by the Efficient New Enzymatic Allergy (ENEA) System II (CIS bio)]. 1057 83

Urease, a major virulence factor for Cryptococcus neoformans, promotes lethal meningitis/encephalitis in mice. The effect of urease within the lung, the primary site of most invasive fungal infections, is unknown. An established model of murine infection that utilizes either urease-producing (wt and ure1::URE1) or urease-deficient (ure1) strains (H99) of C. neoformans was used to characterize fungal clearance and the resultant immune response evoked by these strains within the lung. Results indicate that mice infected with urease-producing strains of C. neoformans demonstrate a 100-fold increase in fungal burden beginning 2 weeks post-infection (as compared with mice infected with urease-deficient organisms). Infection with urease-producing C. neoformans was associated with a highly polarized T2 immune response as evidenced by increases in the following: 1) pulmonary eosinophils, 2) serum IgE levels, 3) T2 cytokines (interleukin-4, -13, and -4 to interferon-gamma ratio), and 4) alternatively activated macrophages. Furthermore, the percentage and total numbers of immature dendritic cells within the lung-associated lymph nodes was markedly increased in mice infected with urease-producing C. neoformans. Collectively, these data define cryptococcal urease as a pulmonary virulence factor that promotes immature dendritic cell accumulation and a potent, yet non-protective, T2 immune response. These findings provide new insights into mechanisms by which microbial factors contribute to the immunopathology associated with invasive fungal disease.
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PMID:Cryptococcal urease promotes the accumulation of immature dendritic cells and a non-protective T2 immune response within the lung. 1921 45

In children with chronic gastritis/gastroduodenitis (CG/CGD), ulcerative and erosive processes of mucous and associated allergic diseases IgM, IgA, IgG, and IgE to the H. pylori were determined by ELISA in the blood serum. IgM-antibodies to H. pylori were found in isolated cases and did not present a diagnostic significance. IgG-antibodies were detected in all children in the same percentage (40-50%), pointing indirectly to the widespread contamination by H. pylori. IgA-antibodies to H. pylori with high frequency (83% and 57%) were found in the blood serum of children with the diseases of gastroduodenal zone without allergies, while in children with allergic pathology they were found by 3-4 times less (20%). IgE antibodies to H. pylori were determined in a high percentage of cases in healthy children (86%) and allergic children (75%), while children without allergy IgE antibodies were detected in the 54-65% of cases. In this study, the detection of IgE antibodies to H. pylori has allowed to increase the frequency of the diagnosis of helicobacteriosis cases in children with gastropathology by 16% in general and in the group of children with allergic diseases this increase amounted to 27.3%. Moreover, children with antihelicobacterial IgE antibodies in a large percentage of cases (92-94%) revealed a positive urease activity. Detection of serum IgE-antibodies to H. pylori in combination with other antibodies isotypes in children increases the diagnostic significance of determination of H. pylori infection and may be recommended when applying serodiagnosis H. pylori in children's practice, especially in children with allergic pathology.
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PMID:[IgE-antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in children with gastroduodenal diseases and concomitant of allergy]. 2493 60

In children with chronic gastritis/gastroduodenitis, erosions and ulcer of stomach and duodenum and associated allergic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) CagA, sIgA and IgE antibodies to the H. pylori were determined by ELISA in the supernatants of feces. H. pylori infection was determined according to "Maastricht IV". The frequency and contents of CagA did not differ among the groups we studied. However, in children with positive urease test the contents of CagA was significantly higher (p = 0.03) compared with other children. The highest levels of sIgA were found in the feces supernatants from non-allergic children with CG/CGD and were associated with H. pylori infection. The immune response in children with erosions and ulcer of stomach and duodenum and in children with allergy was presented the sIgE to H. pylori. Also, the negative correlation between the level sIgE to H. pylori and content sIgA was found in children with allergy. Thus, increased IgE indicates not only allergy, but also acts as a protective role in the development of anti-infective immunity.
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PMID:[Mucosal immune response to Helicobacter pylori in children with gastroduodenal diseases and allergy]. 2591 30

Jaburetox (JBTX) is an insecticidal and antifungal peptide derived from jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) urease that has been considered a candidate for developing genetically modified crops. This study aimed to perform the risk assessment of the peptide JBTX following the general recommendations of the two-tiered, weight-of-evidence approach proposed by International Life Sciences Institute. The urease of C. ensiformis (JBU) and its isoform JBURE IIb (the JBTX parental protein) were assessed. The history of safe use revealed no hazard reports for the studied proteins. The available information shows that JBTX possesses selective activity against insects and fungi. JBTX and JBU primary amino acids sequences showed no relevant similarity to toxic, antinutritional or allergenic proteins. Additionally, JBTX and JBU were susceptible to in vitro digestibility, and JBU was also susceptible to heat treatment. The results did not identify potential risks of adverse effects and reactions associated to JBTX. However, further allergen (e.g. serum IgE binding test) and toxicity (e.g. rodent toxicity tests) experimentation can be done to gather additional safety information on JBTX, and to meet regulatory inquiries for commercial approval of transgenic cultivars expressing this peptide.
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PMID:Risk assessment of the antifungal and insecticidal peptide Jaburetox and its parental protein the Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) urease. 3175 68

Hypersensitivity reactions to alcoholic beverages (particularly red wine) are relatively frequent, affecting 10% of the general population. Hypersensitivity reactions due to alcoholic drinks, mainly in the form of airway reactions (rhinitis and asthma), occur significantly more frequently in persons with pre-existing rhinitis and asthma. In terms of pathogenesis, it has to be differentiated between immunologic, mainly IgE-mediated, hypersensitivity reactions (wine allergies), and intolerance reactions in which no causative allergen-specific immune mechanisms can be detected. Allergens responsible for wine allergy could be: grape (Vitis vinifera) proteins (particularly the major allergen lipid transfer protein Vit v1), proteins and ingredients used for the fining of wines such as fish gelatin or isinglass (swim bladder of the fish huso, family of sturgeons), ovalbumin, dairy (casein) products, gum arabic, enzymes (lysozyme, pectinase, glucanase, cellulase, glucosidase, urease, aromatic enzymes), molds (particularly Botrytis cinerea) responsible for the noble rot in wines, yeasts and proteins from insects that contaminated the mash. Type 1 allergic reactions (positive prick tests) have been described for inorganic components like ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and sulfites, but no specific IgE could be detected in the serum. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetic acid, flavonoids (anthocyanins and chatechines), sulfites, histamine and other biogenic amines are the main causative agents of intolerance reactions (pseudoallergic reactions) to wine. After a short historic review of viticulture and the importance of wine in classical antiquity, we go into the chemical processes of alcoholic fermentation and the genetically inherited "flush syndrome" caused by an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphism, subsequently we focus on the different etiologic factors of allergies and intolerance reactions to wine. The most frequent intolerance reactions to sulfites occur particularly after the ingestion of white wine and in asthma patients. Intolerance reactions to histamine and other biogenic amines occur mainly after ingestion of red wine and in persons with diamine oxidase (DAO) deficiency.
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PMID:Allergic and intolerance reactions to wine. 3182 33