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Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
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Drug
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Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (
urease
)
7,257
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Calcium carbonate (CaCO
3
) biomineralization has been investigated due to its wide range of scientific and technological implications, however, the molecular mechanisms of this important geomicrobiological process are largely unknown. Here, a
urease
-positive marine actinobacterium
Brevibacterium linens
BS258 was demonstrated to effectively form CaCO
3
precipitates. Surprisingly, this bacterium could also dissolve the formed CaCO
3
with the increase of the Ca
2+
concentration. To disclose the mechanisms of biomineralization, the genome of
B. linens
BS258 was further completely sequenced. Interestingly, the expression of three carbonic anhydrases was significantly up-regulated along with the increase of Ca
2+
concentration and the extent of calcite dissolution. Moreover, transcriptome analyses revealed that increasing concentration of Ca
2+
induced KEGG pathways including quorum sensing (QS) in
B. linens
BS258. Notably, most up-regulated genes related to QS were found to encode peptide/nickel
ABC
transporters, which suggested that nickel uptake and its associated
urease
stimulation were essential to boost CaCO
3
biomineralization. Within the genome of
B. linens
BS258, there are both cadmium and lead resistance gene clusters. Therefore, the sequestration abilities of Cd
2+
and Pb
2+
by
B. linens
BS258 were checked. Consistently, Pb
2+
and Cd
2+
could be effectively sequestered with the precipitation of calcite by
B. linens
BS258. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the microbial CaCO
3
biomineralization from both genomic and transcriptomic insights, which paves the way to disclose the relationships among bacterial metabolisms and the biomineralization.
...
PMID:Genomic and Transcriptomic Insights into Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization by Marine Actinobacterium
Brevibacterium linens
BS258. 2842 80
Culture-independent studies have identified DNA of bacterial pathogens in the gallbladder under pathological conditions, yet reports on the isolation of corresponding live bacteria are rare. Thus, it is unclear which pathogens, or pathogen communities, can colonize the gallbladder and cause disease. Using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, culture techniques, phylogenetic analysis,
urease
assays and Western blotting, we investigated the presence of live bacterial communities in the gallbladder of a cholecystitis patient after cholecystectomy. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of isolated bacterial colonies revealed the presence of pathogens most closely resembling
Corynebacterium urinapleomorphum
nov. sp.,
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
and
Helicobacter pylori
. The latter colonies were confirmed as
H. pylori
by immunohistochemistry and biochemical methods.
H. pylori
cultured from the gallbladder exhibited both the same DNA fingerprinting and Western
cagA
gene sequence with
ABC
-type EPIYA (Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala) phosphorylation motifs as isolates recovered from the gastric mucus of the same patient, suggesting that gastric
H. pylori
can also colonize other organs in the human body. Taken together, here we report, for the first time, the identification and characterization of a community consisting of live
S. saprophyticus
;
C. urinapleomorphum
, and
H. pylori
in the gallbladder of a patient with acute cholecystitis. Their potential infection routes and roles in pathogenesis are discussed.
...
PMID:Unusual Manifestation of Live
Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Corynebacterium urinapleomorphum
, and
Helicobacter pylori
in the Gallbladder with Cholecystitis. 2993 76
P
II
signal transduction proteins are widely spread among all domains of life where they regulate a multitude of carbon and nitrogen metabolism related processes. Non-diazotrophic cyanobacteria can utilize a high variety of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. In recent years, several physiological studies indicated an involvement of the cyanobacterial P
II
protein in regulation of ammonium, nitrate/nitrite, and cyanate uptake. However, direct interaction of P
II
has not been demonstrated so far. In this study, we used biochemical, molecular genetic and physiological approaches to demonstrate that P
II
regulates all relevant nitrogen uptake systems in
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803: P
II
controls ammonium uptake by interacting with the Amt1 ammonium permease, probably similar to the known regulation of
E. coli
ammonium permease AmtB by the P
II
homolog GlnK. We could further clarify that P
II
mediates the ammonium- and dark-induced inhibition of nitrate uptake by interacting with the NrtC and NrtD subunits of the nitrate/nitrite transporter NrtABCD. We further identified the
ABC
-type urea transporter UrtABCDE as novel P
II
target. P
II
interacts with the UrtE subunit without involving the standard interaction surface of P
II
interactions. The deregulation of urea uptake in a P
II
deletion mutant causes ammonium excretion when urea is provided as nitrogen source. Furthermore, the urea hydrolyzing
urease
enzyme complex appears to be coupled to urea uptake. Overall, this study underlines the great importance of the P
II
signal transduction protein in the regulation of nitrogen utilization in cyanobacteria.
...
PMID:The Signal Transduction Protein P
II
Controls Ammonium, Nitrate and Urea Uptake in Cyanobacteria. 3129 55
In situ stabilization techniques for the "remediation" of heavy metal-contaminated soil are a novel and inexpensive technology. However, the mechanisms underlying the interaction of exogenous passivators with the bacterial community in wheat rhizosphere soil remain unclear. Soil static culture and pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of the heavy metal-immobilizing bacterium Enterobacter bugandensis TJ6 and calcium polypeptides (CPPs) and their association with Cd uptake in wheat, soil quality and the rhizobacterial community structure. The results showed that compared with the control treatment (CK), the TJ6, CPP, and TJ6+CPP treatments significantly decreased the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd (25.2%-60.1%) content and increased the pH, organic matter content and
urease
activity in the wheat rhizosphere soil, which resulted in decreases in the Cd (21.5%-77.8%) content in wheat tissues (grain, straw, and roots). In particular, the TJ6+CPP treatment was more effective at decreasing Cd accumulation in grains. Furthermore, the TJ6+CPP treatment improved the diversity of the soil bacterial community in the wheat rhizosphere, and the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Arthrobacter, Microvirga, Ensifer, Brevundimonas, Devosia and Pedobacter were enriched. These results suggest that the TJ6+CPP treatment decreased the uptake of Cd in wheat by i) providing essential elements (N and C sources), ii) increasing the pH and reducing the bioavailable Cd content in wheat rhizosphere soil, iii) allowing colonization to promote plant growth and Cd-resistant bacteria, and iv) increasing the abundance of genes associated with
ABC
transporters, carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in the rhizosphere bacterial community. Our results showed that the heavy metal-immobilizing bacterium TJ6 combined with CPPs decreased the Cd content and increased the bacterial community diversity of wheat rhizosphere soil. Our results also highlight the potential of using heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria and CPPs to ensure the safe production of crops growing on heavy metal-polluted soils.
...
PMID:Heavy metal-immobilizing bacteria combined with calcium polypeptides reduced the uptake of Cd in wheat and shifted the rhizosphere bacterial communities. 3284 9
This study was conducted to identify patterns of
cagA
EPIYA motifs in
H
.
pylori
strains isolated from patients with gastrointestinal diseases in Hospitals of Shahrekord, and investigate the association between these biomarkers and clinical outcomes of gastrointestinal diseases due to
H
.
pylori
. In this study, 253 patients with gastrointestinal diseases were studied within 1395-1396. Histopathological investigations and
urease
test showed that 207 isolates were
H
.
pylori
-positive. Then, screening using a molecular technique, PCR, confirmed that 159 isolates had cagA. Finally, the pattern and prevalence of the motifs were determined by PCR and identified a number of motifs were sequenced. Results of this study showed that the pattern of motifs was as follows:
ABC
(140 isolates) (93/7%), ABCC (6 isolates) (3/77%), ABCCC (4 isolates) (2/5%), AB (7 isolates) (4/4%), AC (1 isolate) (0/6%), and BC (1 isolate) (0/6%). Sequencing results showed the presence of changed EPIYA motif in some isolates. CM motif sequence was also seen in all isolates. In this study, no significant association was seen between the prevalence rate of different patterns and clinical symptoms (
p
= 0.71). There is a slight association between the presence of
ABC
motifs and the type of digestive disorder (p = 0.056). Results indicated that
ABC
was the most frequently seen pattern however, in such that positive cases of
ABC
motifs were more common in gastritis. All isolates had kinase phosphorylation region, and the observed pattern in this region was a generally western type (
ABC
).
...
PMID:Determination of
CagA
EPIYA motif in
Helicobacter pylori
strains isolated from patients with digestive disorder. 3300 92
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