Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (urease)
 7,257 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A pot experiment with rice under submerged condition showed that with the increase of Cd concentration, soil microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) increased initially but decreased at a certain concentration, and the turning points varied with different soil types. Soil enzyme activities had the similar variation trend with soil Cmic and Nmic, and the turning points varied with different soil types and soil enzymes. The variation coefficients were in order of dehydrogenase activity > acid phophatase activity > urease activity. Soil respiration rate and metabolic quotient increased tardily with increasing cadmium concentration. The chlorophyll content of rice increased initially but decreased then with the increase of Cd contamination, and the turning points differed with different soil types. Rice proline content and peroxidase activity were enhanced gradually with increasing cadmium concentration. The variation coefficients of rice physiological indices on paddy soils derived from silty loam and clayed red earth were in order of peroxidase activity > chlorophyll content > proline content, and peroxidase activity > proline content > chlorophyll content, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that there was a close correlation between the variations of soil microbial biomass and enzymatic activities and rice physiological indices under Cd contamination.
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PMID:[Effects of Cd contamination on paddy soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities and rice physiological indices]. 1647 60

A pot experiment with 3 levels of elemental sulfur (0, 30, and 60 mg S x kg(-1)) showed that sulfur fertilization on soybean increased the side roots number by 8.6% - 33.2%, root dry weight by 6.6% - 34.3%, root nodules number by 2.7% - 35.9% and dry weight by 13.0% - 75.7%, chlorophyll content by 0.4 - 3.9 unit, and yield per plant by 7.3% - 12.8%. Sulfur fertilization also increased the amount of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and the activities of peroxidase, urease, neutral phosphatase and polyphenoloxidase significantly. The effects of sulfur supply differed with its application rate, and 30 mg S x kg(-1) was more appropriate for getting high soybean yield.
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PMID:[Physiological and ecological effects of sulfur fertilization on soybean]. 1733 Apr 83

Conjugation of enzymes to antibodies involves the formation of a stable, covalent linkage between an enzyme [e.g., horseradish peroxidase (HRPO), urease, or alkaline phosphatase] and an antigen-specific monoclonal or polyclonal antibody in which neither the antigen-combining site of the antibody nor the active site of the enzyme is functionally altered. This unit describes procedures for cross-linking HRPO, urease or alkaline phosphatase to immunoaffinity-purified monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies (IgG).
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PMID:Conjugation of enzymes to antibodies. 1826 67

Many chitosan biological activities depend on the interaction with biomembranes, but so far it has not been possible to obtain molecular-level evidence of chitosan action. In this article, we employ Langmuir phospholipid monolayers as cell membrane models and show that chitosan is able to remove beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) from negatively charged dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid (DMPA) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPPG). This was shown with surface pressure isotherms and elasticity and PM-IRRAS measurements in the Langmuir monolayers, in addition to quartz crystal microbalance and fluorescence spectroscopy measurements for Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films transferred onto solid substrates. Some specificity was noted in the removal action because chitosan was unable to remove BLG incorporated into neutral dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) and cholesterol monolayers and had no effect on horseradish peroxidase and urease interacting with DMPA. An obvious biological implication of these findings is to offer reasons that chitosan can remove BLG from lipophilic environments, as reported in the recent literature.
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PMID:Chitosan as a removing agent of beta-lactoglobulin from membrane models. 1830 43

To understand the effects of seasonal freeze-thaw on the ecological processes of subalpine forest ecosystem, the enzyme activities in Abies faxoniana and Betula platyphylla litters under freeze-thaw were measured from October 2006 to October 2007 by the method of litter bags. There was an obvious monthly change in the enzyme activities, but the peak time varied with enzymes. Compared to the control, freeze-thaw had significant effects on the activities of invertase, urease, cellulase, and dehydrogenase in the litters (P < 0.05). Over a growth season, the invertase, cellulase, and urease activities in fir litter increased by 66.1%, 14.8%, and 76.3%, respectively while dehydrogenase activity decreased by 18.4%, and the invertase activity in birch litter increased by 39.4% while the urease, cellulase and dehydrogenase activities decreased by 18.2%, 28.7% and 15.6%, respectively. As for the activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in fir and birch litters, they were less affected by freeze-thaw. All of these revealed that seasonal freeze-thaw had definite effects on the litter decomposition of subalpine forest, which closely related to the kind of litter and its decomposition stage.
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PMID:[Effects of seasonal freeze-thaw on the enzyme activities in Abies faxoniana and Betula platyphylla litters]. 1980 55

From November 2007 to May 2009, a simulation test was conducted in a Pleioblastus amarus plantation in Rainy Area of West China to study the effects of nitrogen deposition on the activities of soil enzymes. Four treatments were installed, i.e., control (0 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), low nitrogen (5 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), medium nitrogen (15 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)), and high nitrogen (30 g N x m(-2) x a(-1)). Half year after N deposition, 0-20 cm soil samples were collected monthly, and the activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, cellulase, sucrase, urease, and acid phosphatase were determined. All test enzyme activities had apparent, seasonal variation, with the peak of cellulase, suerase, and acid phosphatase activities in spring, of urease activity in autumn, and of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities in winter. Nitrogen deposition stimulated the activities of polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, urease, and acid phosphatase, inhibited cellulase activity, but had no significant effects on peroxidase activity. The test P. amurus plantation ecosystem was N-limited, and nitrogen deposition stimulated the decomposition of soil organic matter by microbe-enzyme system.
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PMID:[Soil enzyme activities in a Pleioblastus amurus plantation in Rainy Area of West China under simulated nitrogen deposition]. 2035 60

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of inoculation with root-knot nematodes on the cucumber leaf N and P contents, and the rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil pH and enzyme activities. The rhizospheric soil pH didn't have a significant decrease until the inoculation rate reached 6000 eggs per plant. With the increase of inoculation rate, the leaf N and P contents, rhizospheric soil peroxidase activity, and rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil polyphenol oxidase activity all decreased gradually, rhizospheric soil catalase activity was in adverse, non-rhizospheric soil pH decreased after an initial increase, and non-rhizospheric soil catalase activity had no regular change. After inoculation, rhizospheric soil urease activity decreased significantly, but rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil phosphatase activity and non-rhizospheric soil peroxidase activity only had a significant decrease under high inoculation rate. In most cases, there existed significant correlations between rhizospheric soil pH, enzyme activities, and leaf N and P contents; and in some cases, there existed significant correlations between non-rhizospheric soil pH, enzyme activities, and leaf N and P contents.
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PMID:[Effects of root-knot nematodes on cucumber leaf N and P contents, soil pH, and soil enzyme activities]. 2104 13

The properties of nanoparticles and their increased use have raised concerns about their possible harmful effects within the environment. Most studies on their effects have been in aqueous systems. Here we investigated the effect of TiO(2) and ZnO nanoparticles on wheat growth and soil enzyme activities under field conditions. Both of the nanoparticles reduced the biomass of wheat. The TiO(2) nanoparticles were retained in the soil for long periods and primarily adhered to cell walls of wheat. The ZnO nanoparticles dissolved in the soil, thereby enhancing the uptake of toxic Zn by wheat. The nanoparticles also induced significant changes in soil enzyme activities, which are bioindicators of soil quality and health. Soil protease, catalase, and peroxidase activities were inhibited in the presence of the nanoparticles; urease activity was unaffected. The nanoparticles themselves or their dissolved ions were clearly toxic for the soil ecosystem.
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PMID:TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles negatively affect wheat growth and soil enzyme activities in agricultural soil. 2126 73

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of intercropping various Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on the cucumber growth and rhizospheric soil environment. When intercropped with high allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars, the EC value and peroxidase activity of cucumber rhizospheric soil decreased, while the pH value, invertase and catalase activities, and bacterial community diversity increased. The cloning and sequencing results indicated that most DGGE bands amplified from cucumber rhizospheric soil samples showed a high homology to uncultured bacterial species. The common bands were affiliated with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the differential bacteria bands were affiliated with Proteobacteria and Anaerolineaceae. Rhodospirillales and Acidobacteria were only found in the cucumber rhizospheric soil intercropped with low allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between rhizospheric soil urease activity and cucumber seedlings height, total dry biomass, leaf area, and DGGE band number. It was suggested that intercropping high allelopathic Chinese onion cultivars could establish a good rhizospheric soil micro-environment for cucumber growth, and promote the growth of cucumber seedlings markedly.
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PMID:[Effects of intercropping Chinese onion cultivars of different allelopathic potential on cucumber growth and soil micro-environment]. 2226 68

The interaction among the bensulfuron-methyl, growth of Italian ryegrass, and soil chemical/biochemical/microbiological parameters was investigated in a microcosm experiment. The bensulfuron-methyl added to the soil can be rapidly degraded by certain fungi and actinomycetes present in the original paddy rice soil. The growth of Italian ryegrass significantly accelerated the in-soil degradation of bensulfuron-methyl in its rhizosphere. The uptake of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass increased with increasing dosage level of bensulfuron-methyl. However, the phytoextraction of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass contributed insignificantly to the total removal of the soil bensulfuron-methyl. Within the dosage range set in this study, the root development of ryegrass was not adversely affected by the presence of the soil bensulfuron-methyl although the fresh biomass of shoot was slightly reduced in the higher dosage treatments. This can be attributed to the adsorption of the added bensulfuron-methyl by soil colloids and consequently the reduction of bensulfuron-methyl level in the soil pore water to a concentration sufficiently lower than the toxic level. The growth of ryegrass significantly increased soil pH and the activities of phosphatase and peroxidase but reduced the EC and the activities of urease in the rhizospheric soil.
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PMID:Interaction between BSM-contaminated soils and Italian ryegrass. 2242 68


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