Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (urease)
7,257 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Filled hollow fibers were prepared and evaluated for application in hemosorption. Powdered activated carbon, urease-carbon, and macroporous ion exchange resins were used as fillers in highly permeable cellulose acetate hollow fibers. The carbon-filled hollow fibers had better mass transfer properties than encapsulated carbon in solid form. Zirconium phosphate and 2 synthetic zeolites were tested for ammonium ion adsorption from buffered saline and Ringer's salt solutions. Synthetic zeolites were found to have higher specificity and capacity for ammonium ion adsorption than zirconium phosphate. Projections are that hemosorption devices utilizing urease, carbon, and zeolites could remove all nitrogenous waste metabolites currently being treated only by dialysis. Oxystarch and oxystarch derivatives were tested for direct urea adsorption and were found unsuitable for this application.
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PMID:Sorbent-filled hollow fibers for hemopurification. 71 87

In field experiments wheat in the phase of shooting was sprayed with solutions of chlorocholinechloride (CCC) and urea, CCC and ammonium salt MCPA (Aminex) or CCC, urea and Aminex. The effect of the treatment on dry weight of overground parts of wheat, number of bacteria, production of carbon dioxide, urease activity and content of ammonium in the rhizosphere soil was investigated. In all cases evolution of carbon dioxide in the rhizosphere soil was higher than that in the control soil. Highest numbers of bacteria were found in the rhizosphere soil of plants treated with urea, the herbicide and their mixtures. Content of ammonium was higher in the control soil than in the rhizosphere soils, the urease activity was highest in the rhizosphere soil of plants treated with the solution of the herbicide and with the combination of the herbicide with urea.
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PMID:Biological changes in the rhizosphere of wheat after foliar application of chlorocholinechloride, urea and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid. 119 93

Selected strains of methicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MARSA) were subjected to a preliminary examination. They were representative of a larger group collected in a routine clinical microbiology laboratory over a period of 2 years. MARSA was endemic in the associated hospital. The characteristics investigated were antimicrobial resistance, the production of beta-lactamase, free and bound coagulase, protein A, DNA-ase, urease, lipase and pigment. The MARSA strains were generally indistinguishable, other than in their antimicrobial resistances. The resistance to methicillin was completely homogeneous. Except with imipenem, growth extended to the edge of discs containing methicillin and the other beta-lactam antibiotics tested when the strains were cultured at 37 degrees C on media without added salt. Homogeneous resistance may confer an epidemiological advantage on strains of this phenotype.
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PMID:Partial characterization of an endemic strain of a methicillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MARSA) homogeneously resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. 135 87

A new microaerophilic, spirally curved, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from the gastric mucosa of a pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). The gram-negative cells of this bacterium are oxidase, catalase, and urease positive and strongly resemble Helicobacter pylori (Campylobacter pylori) cells. Like H. pylori, this organism does not metabolize glucose, does not reduce nitrate or produce indole, does not produce H2S from triple sugar iron agar, does not hydrolyze hippurate or esculin, and does not grow in the presence of 1% glycine, 1.5% salt, or 1% bile. Also like H. pylori, it is resistant to nalidixic acid and susceptible to cephalothin. However, unlike H. pylori, the colorless colonies are flat and have irregular edges. This organism has a unique cellular fatty acid composition, forming a new gas-liquid chromatography group, group K, and a distinctive DNA content (24 mol% guanine plus cytosine). It exhibits less than 10% DNA-DNA homology (as determined by the nylon filter blot method at 65 degrees C) with other members of the genus Helicobacter. Although the levels of DNA relatedness between previously described Helicobacter species and the new organism are low (less than 10%) and the difference in guanine-plus-cytosine content is large (24 versus 36 to 41 mol%), the genus Helicobacter is the only genus in which it is logical to include the organism at this time. We propose that our single strain represents a new species, Helicobacter nemestrinae, and we designate strain T81213-NTB (= ATCC 49396) as the type strain.
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PMID:Helicobacter nemestrinae sp. nov., a spiral bacterium found in the stomach of a pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) 174 3

A halophilic gram-negative rod was isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid collected from a 70-year-old male having no known contact with seafood or salt water. Positive biochemical tests included oxidase, sensitivity to 0/129, O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, lysine decarboxylase and fermentation of glucose, salicin, n-inositol, sucrose, L-mannose, L-arabinose, and arbutin. Negative tests included indole, ornithine decarboxylase, arginine dihydrolase fermentation of lactose, and production of gelatinase and urease. The DNA base composition was 45.0 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Numerical taxonomy indicated 70% similarity with known reference Vibrio sp. strains. The 5S rRNA sequence for this strain has been determined: 5'-U G C C U G G C G A C C A U A G C G U U U U G G A C C C A C C U G A U U C C A U G C C G A A C U C A G U A G U G A A A C G A A A C A G C G U C G A U G G U A G U G U G G G G U C U C C C C A U G U G A G A G U A G A A C A U C G C C A G G C A U-3'. Based on the phenetic, molecular genetic, and nucleic acid sequencing data, it is concluded that Vibrio cincinnatiensis represents a new species of the genus Vibrio sensu strictu (as defined by 5S rRNA sequencing results). On a basis of 5S rRNA comparative sequence analysis, the organism appears to share a recent common ancestor with V. gazogenes (98% homology) and close ancestry with V. mimicus, V. fluvialis, and V. metschnikovii.
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PMID:Vibrio cincinnatiensis sp. nov., a new human pathogen. 242 96

The occurrence of Campylobacter pylori (CP) was studied in 180 patients referred for endoscopy. The bacterium was detected by culture, histology (Warthin-Starry staining) and urease test of antral biopsy samples. Patient groups were formed according to endoscopic diagnoses, clinical symptoms and antral mucosal histology. 50 CP positive patients with chronic antral gastritis were treated by bismuth subsalicylate (2,4 g/day) for 3 weeks. Positivity by culture and/or silver-stained histology proved to be the most reliable way for detecting CP. CP was proved in about 30% in patients with normal gastroduodenum (13/42) or with stump gastritis (4/15), in 75% with endoscopic antral gastritis (51/68) and in 89% with duodenal ulcer (49/55). A close relationship between CP and histological chronic antral gastritis could be demonstrated. No causal link between CP positive chronic active antral gastritis and non-ulcer dyspepsia could be verified. The decrease in histological activity of chronic gastritis and in dyspeptic complaints after bismuth salt therapy was found to be independent of CP elimination. The results of control investigations following a therapy-free interval of 7-10 days speak in favour of CP recolonialisation within a relativelly short period. It can be concluded that, despite the undeniable relationship between CP and chronic antral gastritis and duodenal ulcer, further studies are necessary to clarify the clinical relevance of the CP infection.
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PMID:[Has Campylobacter pylori infection any clinical relevance? Methodologic, epidemiologic and clinical studies]. 268 46

The association between colonization of the antrum mucosa by Campylobacter pylori and antrum gastritis as well as peptic ulcers has been documented in a number of studies. The ability of these bacteria to produce a cytotoxin and a protease that hydrolyzes the mucosa-protecting mucin assigns pathogenetic properties to this species that suggest an etiological role for C. pylori in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcers and gastritis. This concept is supported by some preliminary results of therapeutic trials which have shown that successful eradication of the organism leads to histologic improvement of the gastritis and markedly reduced relapse rates regarding peptic lesions. Best results were achieved using combinations of a bismuth salt with an antibiotic such as amoxicillin. Diagnosis of C. pylori infection is based on culturing the organism from antral biopsies. Detecting the urease activity directly in the biopsy has also been shown to be an effective and reliable method. As a noninvasive method serologic testing for C. pylori may also be employed. An IgG-ELISA used by us showed a good correlation with cultural and histological results.
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PMID:[Campylobacter pylori: significance, diagnosis and treatment]. 329 1

One representative of each of five different pathogenic serotypes of Leptospira as well as one saprophytic strain were capable of growing on medium containing urea in place of an ammonium salt as a nitrogen source. Growth of all of the organisms tested on 1% urea was substantial, but only those that exhibited strong urease activity could grow to any appreciable extent on urea at a concentration as high as 2%. Intact urea-grown cells of the pathogenic serotypes tested (grippotyphosa and icterohaemorrhagiae) exhibited urease activity, with the level of activity of the former being considerably greater. No urease could be detected in cells of the saprophytic strain. When the pathogenic leptospires were sonicated or treated with toluene, the urease activity was greatly enhanced. When cultivated on NH(4)Cl, neither intact nor disrupted cells of any of the strains tested exhibited any urease activity. Cells of the grippotyphosa and icterohaemorrhagiae strains exhibited diauxic growth when cultivated in the presence of both NH(4)Cl and urea, whereas only monophasic growth could be detected for the saprophytic test strain. The experimental data on urea utilization and urease activity, when considered in the light of previously reported findings on leptospiral pathology, renal physiology, and the role of urease in other bacterial infections, suggests a significant role for leptospiral urease (in addition to other factors) in determining localization of the organism in the kidney and contributing to the resultant kidney pathology.
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PMID:Urea utilization by Leptospira. 442 9

The design and performance of an enzyme reactor (enzyme electrode) which features (i) incorporating nylon shavings onto which an enzyme is covalently bonded, (ii) a flat-surface combination pH electrode for proton monitoring, and (iii) a body providing an injection port for sample injection and washing and stirring capabilities is described. The reactor configuration described here offers good diffusional and partition characteristics which result in relatively fast response, good stability, simplicity of operation, low sample and reagent consumption, and adaptability to flow systems. Application to the determination of urea in standards and physiological salt solutions is demonstrated by use of immobilized urease (EC 3.5.1.5).
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PMID:Nylon shavings enzyme reactor for batch determination of urea. 609 38

The ELISA using a urease conjugated antibody and 3 antigen preparations was examined for sensitivity and specificity in hydatid diagnosis. Four groups of sera tested were: 80 samples from patients with confirmed hydatid infection; 51 latex agglutination test (LA) +ve and immunoelectrophoresis test (IEP) -ve sera from patients with miscellaneous symptoms or disorders other than hydatid disease; 195 'normal' sera from healthy donors; 115 sera from persons infected with other parasites. Antigens tested included crude sheep hydatid cyst fluid (CSHCF), CSHCF partially purified by salt fractionation (PPSHCF) and CSHCF purified by sequential affinity chromatography depletion with rabbit anti-sheep IgG, 3EgH 29-2 anti-Echinococcus monoclonal antibody and 'normal' sheep Ig (ADSHCF). All 3 antigens showed high sensitivity in detecting antibody in serum from hydatid-infected patients, and gave excellent discrimination between these samples and the LA +ve IEP -ve sera and the 'normal' sera. Cross-reactions occurred with antibodies in the sera of patients with other parasitic infections, especially other larval cestodes and filarial parasites. Superior specificity was achieved with both CSHCF and ADSHCF, and ADSHCF reacted only with a single serum sample from an E. multilocularis patient. It was concluded that a combination of ELISA and IEP was useful for the diagnosis of hydatid disease, that ELISA at a single dilution could be useful as a screening test where other larval cestode infections were not prevalent and that ELISA was not of value for post-operative surveillance.
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PMID:Serological diagnosis and post-operative surveillance of human hydatid disease. II. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using various antigens. 637 84


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