Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (urease)
 7,257 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Undiluted human urine and synthetic urine were inoculated with urease. No inhibitory activity against urease enzymatic activity could be detected in human urine. The urease-induced crystallization of both calcium phosphate and magnesium ammonium phosphate differed markedly, however, between the individuals studied, and it was less pronounced in human urine than in synthetic urine. This supports the observation made in experiments using diluted urine that human urine possesses an inhibitory activity against urease-induced crystallization and suggests that it has a large interindividual variation.
J Urol 1986 Sep
PMID:The effects of urease in undiluted human urine. 373 63

In vitro tests with the urease inhibitor flurofamide demonstrated that the final inhibitory concentration of 0.5-4 microM on the growth of nine ureaplasma strains was largely ureaplasmastatic, requiring prolonged incubation to have a ureaplasmacidal effect. Intramuscular injection of flurofamide successfully eliminated genital infections of ureaplasma in sheep only when the treatment was repeated on two consecutive days. A dose rate of 5-20 mg/kg body weight eliminated the organism from naturally infected sheep, but 15-25 mg/kg body weight was required to eliminate the infection from eleven of fourteen experimentally, newly infected sheep. Administration of the flurofamide orally in the drinking water failed to eliminate ureaplasmas from any of twenty newly infected sheep.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1986 Sep
PMID:Investigation into the inhibitory effect of flurofamide on animal ureaplasmas and its use in the treatment of ureaplasma-infected sheep. 376 18

A rapid, simple and inexpensive procedure for the determination of urease activity by using a thermal conductivity gas chromatography method is presented. The procedure is based on the determination of CO2 released in the urease reaction, and showed low coefficient of variation (c.v. less than 1%) and high sensitivity (detection limit 10(-12) mol). This procedure is also suitable for determination of other decarboxylating enzyme activities.
J Biochem Biophys Methods 1986 Sep
PMID:Determination of urease activity by thermal conductivity gas chromatography. 377 25

A ureolytic strain of Proteus mirabilis, isolated from a patient with infectious kidney stones, produced struvite (MgNH4PO4 X 6 H2O) and apatite [Ca10(PO4)6CO3] crystals in vitro when grown in artificial urine. Surface-attached crystals were encased in a slime-like layer. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that surfaces submerged in the artificial urine were colonized by P. mirabilis. Bacteria-associated crystals appeared soon after colonization and eventually became coated with an amorphous substance. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis of these crystals revealed the presence of Mg, Ca, and P which are major components of struvite and apatite. Transmission electron microscopy of surface scrapings revealed that the glycocalyx of P. mirabilis contained a large number of crystals. Based on these observations and previous work, a theory for infectious renal calculogenesis is proposed. The kidney is initially colonized by invading ureolytic pathogens. These pathogens secrete copious amounts of glycocalyx which facilitates adhesion of the organisms to the kidney, provides protection for these bacteria, and serves to bind struvite and apatite crystals that result from bacterial urease activity. Growth of these calcified microcolonies into mature stones is characterized by continued bacterial growth, incorporation of urinary mucoproteins into the matrix along with bacterial glycocalyx, and a continued deposition of struvite and apatite crystals due to the high pH. The mature stone, in effect, represents an enlarged "fossilized" bacterial microcolony.
Infect Immun 1985 Sep
PMID:An in vitro ultrastructural study of infectious kidney stone genesis. 389 64

In the present study, three cone openings (0.133; 0.106, and 0.080 cm) and three initial moisture content values (9%, 15% and 21%) were used as treatments to evaluate their effects on the protein quality of full-fat soybean flour, extruded in the Brady Crop Cooker. The specific volume, protein and oil contents as well as available lysine content characteristic of the final product, were not affected by the treatments used. Processing temperatures, however, decreased when the initial moisture content of the material was increased. The nitrogen solubility index was affected by the cone opening but not by the moisture content of the material. With respect to the trypsin inhibitors content, the increase in the initial moisture content in soybeans gave conflicting results. At the 21% moisture treatment, the amounts of trypsin inhibitors were higher than those present in the raw material; a similar effect was also observed with urease activity. At the other two moisture contents (9 and 15%) the amounts of trypsin inhibitors and urease activity were decreased by heat treatment, mainly at the 9% moisture level, which were related to the cone opening of the extruder. PER values in rats were influenced by the moisture content and were not affected by the cone opening. Results obtained in the biological assays with chicks, both for weight gain and conversion efficiency, were favored by a decrease in cone opening. Nevertheless, the increase in the moisture content induced a decrease in weight gain at the 5- and 8-week periods, without affecting the conversion efficiency. The effect of consecutive passes of the material through the extruder was also studied. The product obtained with two extrusions presented a good biological value, probably as a consequence of the low values in the trypsin inhibitors and urease activities. When the material was extruded three times, results proved to be poor, due to a reduction to significant low levels of available lysine content--which becomes limiting--, and nitrogen solubility index of the full-fat soybean flour.
Arch Latinoam Nutr 1985 Sep
PMID:Effects of cone opening, initial moisture content and multiple extrusion on the protein quality of extruded soybean using the Brady Crop Cooker. 393 87

The biochemical characteristics of 59 strains of Moraxella urethralis from clinical specimens, primarily from urine and the female genital tract, were studied. The characteristics included (i) the inability to acidify carbohydrate substrates, (ii) the ability to produce phenylalanine deaminase, (iii) the ability to reduce nitrite, (iv) the lack of urease activity, and (v) the ability of most strains to alkalinize citrate. A means of differentiating M. urethralis from Moraxella osloensis and Moraxella phenylpyruvica was determined.
Appl Microbiol 1974 Sep
PMID:Characterization and differentiation of 59 strains of Moraxella urethralis from clinical specimens. 441 57

1. Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) and urease (EC 3.5.1.5) were covalently attached through glutaraldehyde to low-molecular-weight nylon powder. 2. Immobilized derivatives of glucose oxidase and urease were prepared by cross-linking the respective enzymes within the matrix of a nylon membrane. 3. An improved process is described for the immobilization of glucose oxidase and urease on the inside surface of partially hydrolysed nylon tube. 4. Automated analytical procedures are described for the determination of glucose with each of the three immobilized glucose oxidase derivatives and for the determination of urea with each of the three immobilized urease derivatives. 5. The efficiencies of the three immobilized enzyme structures as reagents for the automated determination of their substrates were compared.
Biochem J 1972 Sep
PMID:The immobilization of enzymes on nylon structures and their use in automated analysis. 464 9

Gram-nagative organisms were tested with commercially available reagentimpregnated strips (PATHO-TEC). Of the 291 strains, all were tested by using seven paper tests and their conventional counterparts. Excellent correlation was obtained with the oxidase, phenylalanine-deaminase, and Voges-Proskauer tests. Indole tests made on liquid medium cultures also gave complete correlation, but some false-negative results with indole-positive Proteus strains were obtained when growth from solid medium was tested by the strip method. Paper strip urease tests were positive within 2 hr with all Klebsiella and some Serratia, Herellea, and Citrobacter strains as well as with Proteus strains. Approximately 15% of citrate strip test results differed from those of the conventional tests, and reproducibility was poor on retest. The lysine decarboxylase strip test showed a number of discrepancies and posed problems of interpretation and readability. Paper reagent strip methods are simple and convenient and merit further development to increase the specificity of those which depend on pH change up to that achieved with the Voges-Proskauer, oxidase, phenylalanine, and indole methods.
Appl Microbiol 1969 Sep
PMID:Comparative study of the efficacy of seven paper-reagent strips and conventional biochemical tests in identifying gram-negative organisms. 490 7

A multi-biochemical test system consisting of nine tests, entitled Enterotube, was evaluated in parallel with conventional tests to determine its value in the identification of enteric and certain other gram-negative bacilli. The 242 bacterial strains studied were from a variety of pathological specimens and from our culture collection. When the results with individual tests represented in both test systems were compared, no discrepancies were noted in the indole test, and one discrepancy was recorded for dextrose. In 7 of 242 hydrogen sulfide tests, 3 of 242 phenylalanine tests, 22 of 242 urease tests, 15 of 242 dulcitol tests, 12 of 242 lactose tests, 27 of 217 lysine decarboxylase tests, and 5 of 242 citrate tests, the Enterotube results were contrary to those obtained with conventional methods. The lysine decarboxylase test in the Enterotube posed a problem of interpretation and readability and is not an acceptable alternative to the conventional methods. Fifteen of the strains studied were incorrectly identified by the Enterotube system and four could not be differentiated from other closely related strains. Salmonella could be identified as to group, whereas Shigella strains were frequently misidentified as Escherichia. The Enterotube method is simple and convenient, and all media are inoculated at once from a single colony.
Appl Microbiol 1971 Sep
PMID:Multi-biochemical test system for distinguishing enteric and other gram-negative bacilli. 494 Aug 77

Bacillus fastidiosus was grown in a minimal medium that contained uric acid or allantoin, aerated by vigorous stirring. A constant, optimum pH of 7.4 was maintained by controlled addition of sulfuric acid. Washed cells converted both urate and allantoin into carbon dioxide and ammonia, simultaneously assimilating part of the available carbon and nitrogen. Urate oxidase (formerly called uricase) was present in extracts from urate-grown but not allantoin-grown cells. The formation of urate oxidase was apparently induced by urate. Urea was detected as an intermediate in some but not all of these experiments. However, the high urease activity observed in cell-free extracts may have prevented accumulation of urea in many of the experiments. The presence of glyoxylate carboligase and tartronic semialdehyde reductase activities indicates that the glycerate pathway may be involved in urate and allantoin catabolism in this organism.
J Bacteriol 1971 Sep
PMID:Studies on the physiology of Bacillus fastidiosus. 509 89


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