Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (urease)
7,257 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The final products of the arginine catabolism that can be utilized as a nitrogen source in Neurospora crassa are ammonium, glutamic acid, and glutamine. The effect of these compounds on arginase induction by arginine was studied. In wild-type strain 74-A, induction by arginine was almost completely repressed by glutamic acid plus ammonium, whereas ammonium or glutamic acid alone had only moderate effects. Arginine products of catabolism also repressed arginase induction. A mutant, ure-1, which lacks urease activity, hyperinduced its arginase with arginine as a nitrogen source. The addition of either ammonium or glutamine produced effects similar to those in the wild-type strain. The effect of ammonium on arginase induction is mediated through its conversion into glutamine. This was demonstrated in mutant am-1, which lacks L-glutamate dehydrogenase activity. In this mutant, the effect of glutamic acid was reduced, and, with ammonium, it was completely lost. The addition of glutamine or glutamic acid plus ammonium to this strain decreased by threefold the induction of arginase by arginine. Proline, a final product of arginine catabolism, competitively inhibited arginase activity. This effect and the repression of arginase by glutamine are examples of negative modulation of the first enzyme in a catabolic pathway by its final products.
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PMID:Nitrogen regulation of arginase in Neurospora crassa. 14 62

1. In a preliminary experiment, growth of conventional chicks given a basal diet containing adequate amounts of all the essential but none of the non-essential amino acids was improved by supplements of 10-3 g urea or 50-4 g glutamic acid/kg diet or both. 2. In the main study the effects of supplementing the basal diet with 20-6 g urea/kg were compared in groups of sixteen germ-free and conventional chicks. 3. The germ-free chicks did not benefit from the urea supplement whereas the conventional birds showed improved food conversion efficiency and significantly better growth. 4. In both environments nitrogen retention ((mg N intake-mg N excreted)divideg food intake) was higher in the birds given urea, but N utilization ((mg N intake-mg N excreted)dividemg N intake) was reduced. This reduction was greater in the germ-free birds. 5. There was a small increase in plasma ammonia concentration in the germ-free birds given urea but a significantly greater increase in the corresponding conventional group. 6. Plasma uric acid concentrations were variable in both groups, and much lower than the normal range. They followed a similar pattern to the plasma ammonia values. 7. More insoluble N was excreted by the conventional chicks given urea than by the corresponding germ-free group, or by either group given the basal diet. 8. It was concluded that the gut micro-organisms are responsible for the growth-promoting effect of urea, presumably through release of ammonia by bacterial ureas (EC 3.5.1.5) and its consequent incorporation into amino acids.
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PMID:The role of the gut microflora in the utilization of dietary urea by the chick. 95 38

A flow injection chemiluminometric assay for urea has been developed based on a minicolumn bioreactor packed with immobilized enzyme-bearing glass beads. The reactor contains immobilized urease, L-glutamate dehydrogenase and L-glutamate oxidase, aligned in this order (upstream to the downstream). When the sample is introduced into the bioreactor, urea is first hydrolysed by urease to produce ammonia, which is then converted into L-glutamate by L-glutamate dehydrogenase. L-Glutamate is finally oxidized by L-glutamate oxidase to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is quantified by measuring chemiluminescence emitted upon admixing with luminol and potassium ferricyanide. One assay cycle is completed within 1 minute. The method is sensitive (detection limit 0.5 nmol) and is linear in the range 0-30 mmol/l. It can be readily applied to the determination of urea in human serum, and requires no blank corrections for ammonia and/or L-glutamate present in serum samples.
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PMID:A chemiluminometric method for the determination of urea in serum using a three-enzyme bioreactor. 321 92

The results of the study of 65 Brucella strains isolated from myomorphous rodents in the Northern Caucasus are presented. The study was made with the aim of finding out additional characteristics for the identification of these strains. Using the main tests recommended by the FAO/WHO Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Brucella, as well as some additional tests, we have revealed that the strains under study are very similar to B. suis. At the same time their capacity for agglutination with anti-melitensis monospecific serum, their high sensitivity to pyronin B, safranine T and gentian violet, their low urease activity and their oxidizing activity in respect to L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, DL-ornithine, DL-citrullin and L-livin make it possible to consider them the fifth independent biotype of B. suis.
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PMID:[Taxonomy and ecology of brucellosis pathogens isolated from Muridae in the northern foothills of the Caucasus mountains. I. Cultural and biochemical properties of Brucella isolated from Muridae]. 622 76

A culture isolated from an aborted fetus of a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) was characterized. The isolate was a gram-negative coccobacillus, and the colonial morphology was typical of a smooth Brucella. The isolate was positive for catalase, oxidase, nitrate reduction, and urease. Hydrogen sulfide was not produced. It grew in air at 37 C but required 72 hours for good growth. There was growth on media containing basic fuchsin, thionin, thionin blue, penicillin, and erythritol. The M antigen was dominant, and the isolate was lysed by 4 of 10 brucellaphages tested. The oxidative metabolic profile of the isolate was similar to that for B. abortus but differed in utilization of L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, and DL-citrulline. Whole-cell lysates were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein profiles were markedly different from the protein profiles of reference strains of Brucella species. Biochemical and oxidative metabolism profiles indicated that the isolate belongs in the genus Brucella but did not match the profiles of any established species or biovars. This isolate may be an atypical strain of a recognized Brucella species or a new biovar or species of Brucella.
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PMID:Characteristics of a Brucella species from a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). 785 24

The existence of nickel (Ni) deficiency is becoming increasingly apparent in crops, especially for ureide-transporting woody perennials, but its physiological role is poorly understood. We evaluated the concentrations of ureides, amino acids, and organic acids in photosynthetic foliar tissue from Ni-sufficient (Ni-S) versus Ni-deficient (Ni-D) pecan (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch). Foliage of Ni-D pecan seedlings exhibited metabolic disruption of nitrogen metabolism via ureide catabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ornithine cycle intermediates. Disruption of ureide catabolism in Ni-D foliage resulted in accumulation of xanthine, allantoic acid, ureidoglycolate, and citrulline, but total ureides, urea concentration, and urease activity were reduced. Disruption of amino acid metabolism in Ni-D foliage resulted in accumulation of glycine, valine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, arginine, and total free amino acids, and lower concentrations of histidine and glutamic acid. Ni deficiency also disrupted the citric acid cycle, the second stage of respiration, where Ni-D foliage contained very low levels of citrate compared to Ni-S foliage. Disruption of carbon metabolism was also via accumulation of lactic and oxalic acids. The results indicate that mouse-ear, a key morphological symptom, is likely linked to the toxic accumulation of oxalic and lactic acids in the rapidly growing tips and margins of leaflets. Our results support the role of Ni as an essential plant nutrient element. The magnitude of metabolic disruption exhibited in Ni-D pecan is evidence of the existence of unidentified physiological roles for Ni in pecan.
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PMID:Nickel deficiency disrupts metabolism of ureides, amino acids, and organic acids of young pecan foliage. 1641 14

Short peptides resembling the Helicobacter pylori urease antigen (UreB F8 Ser-Ile-Lys-Glu-Asp-Val-Gln-Phe) with deleted aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues, anchored through a triazine linker via the N-terminal moiety to cellulose plate were prepared. The peptides were used for binding of antibodies from sera of patients with medically confirmed atherosclerosis. Recognition of the peptides was also tested with anti-Jack beans urease antibodies. The important role of a Gly-Gly spacer separating the peptides from the cellulose support was shown. Different patterns of binding of antibodies from H. pylori infected patients and anti-Jack bean urease antibodies were observed only in the case of pentapeptides. The peptide Gly-Gly-Leu-Val-Phe-Lys-Thr was recognized by most of the tested sera.
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PMID:Synthetic peptides mimicking antigenic epitope of Helicobacter pylori urease. 1649 40

Urea could be effectively converted into L-glutamic acid with semipermeable nylon-polyethylenimine artificial cells containing L-glutamic dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1. 3), yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1), urease (EC 3.5.1. 5) and soluble dextran-NAD(+). For batch conversion, the artificial cell suspension to total reaction volume ratios ranged from 1 in 5 to 1 in 60. From 22.6 to 53.4 micromol of L-glutamic acid could be produced by 0.4 mL artificial cell suspension within 2 h. The corresponding conversion ratios were 56.5-11. 1%. The L-glutamic dehydrogenase multienzyme system showed a good storage stability: 66.0% of the original activity was retained after 1 month of storage at 4 degrees C. A small bioreactor was prepared to contain 4.0 mL artificial cells. At a flow rate of SV = 1.5 h(-1), the maximum conversion rate was 49.6 micromol L-glutamic acid/p h. Thirty-eight percent of the maximum activity was retained when continuously used for four days at 22 degrees C. A kinetic analysis for the L-glutamic dehydrogenase multienzyme system was studied. The Michaelis constants are as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate is 0.838 mM; urea is 1.90 mM; dextran- NAD(+) is 0.345 mM; and ethanol is 5.31 mM.
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PMID:Conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate into L-glutamic acid with urea as ammonium source using multienzyme systems and dextran-NAD+ immobilized by microencapsulation within artificial cells in a bioreactor. 1858 59

A novel, strictly anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative, short, straight rod with tapered ends, designated YIT 12065(T), was isolated from human faeces. Strain YIT 12065(T) was saccharolytic and negative for catalase, oxidase and urease, hydrolysis of aesculin and gelatin, nitrate reduction and indole production. The end products of glucose fermentation were acetic acid and a small amount of butyric acid. The DNA G+C content was 51.3 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), C(16:0) and C(14:0). Respiratory quinones were not detected. The cell wall contained glutamic acid, serine, alanine and ll-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars were ribose, rhamnose, galactose and glucose. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences using three treeing algorithms revealed that the strain formed a novel family-level lineage within the phylum Firmicutes, class Clostridia, order Clostridiales. Caldicoprobacter oshimai JW/HY-331(T) was shown to be the closest named relative on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (86.9%), followed by Tindallia californiensis DSM 14871(T) (86.3%) and Clostridium ganghwense JCM 13193(T) (86.1%). Similar 16S rRNA gene sequences (98.6-96.7%) were found amongst faecal uncultured clones of human and dugong (Dugong dugon). They clustered with strain YIT 12065(T) in a distinct and deep evolutionary lineage of descent in the order Clostridiales. The distinct phylogenetic position supports the proposal of Christensenella gen. nov., with the type species Christensenella minuta sp. nov. (type strain YIT 12065(T) =DSM 22607(T) =JCM 16072(T)). A new family Christensenellaceae fam. nov. is also proposed.
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PMID:Description of Christensenella minuta gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces, which forms a distinct branch in the order Clostridiales, and proposal of Christensenellaceae fam. nov. 2135 55

A series of urea and thiourea derivatives of glutamic acid conjugated to 3-(1-piperazinyl)-1,2-benzisothiazole were synthesized, spectroscopically characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro antiglycation and urease inhibitory activities. Preliminary screening of the synthesized compounds 1-35 showed significant results. Amongst these, compounds 17-21 and 30-35 bearing fluoro and methoxy substituents, respectively, exhibited inhibitory potency greater than the reference standards. Hence, they may serve as new lead compounds for further development.
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PMID:Ureas/thioureas of benzo[d]isothiazole analog conjugated glutamic acid: synthesis and biological evaluation. 2358 61


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