Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.5.1.5 (urease)
7,257 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Flurofamide (N-[diaminophosphinyl]-4-fluorobenzamide), a urease inhibitor, was a potent inhibitor of the growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum. As little as 10 microM flurofamide (2 micrograms/ml) prevented any growth, but U. urealyticum survived for about eight hours before colony counts become undetectable. Flurofamide was a specific inhibitor of U. urealyticum since it did not inhibit growth of four Mycoplasma species or Acholeplasma hippikon. Flurofamide was 1,000 times more active than acetohydroxamic acid and thus has promise as a chemotherapeutic agent and a biochemical tool.
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PMID:Inhibition of the growth of Ureaplasma urealyticum by a new urease inhibitor, flurofamide. 667 52

On the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the urease genes of Ureaplasma urealyticum serotype 8, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were selected, evaluated for specificity and sensitivity, and tested for their ability to detect U. urealyticum in the adult urogenital tract, amniotic fluid, and endotracheal aspirates of newborns. All 14 reference serotypes of U. urealyticum were detected with equal sensitivity (1-10 cfu), whereas multiple strains of 12 other mycoplasma species found in humans as well as eukaryotic DNA were not detected. A total of 638 clinical specimens was evaluated. Results indicate that PCR is equal to if not more sensitive than culture for detection of U. urealyticum. Faster detection of U. urealyticum by PCR (< 24 h) compared to culture (2-5 days) will be particularly important in management of very low birth-weight infants in whom this organism has been shown to be a significant cause of meningitis, respiratory disease, and death. This method of detection will also be helpful in further determining the role of this organism in intraamniotic infection and premature birth.
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PMID:Detection of Ureaplasma urealyticum by polymerase chain reaction in the urogenital tract of adults, in amniotic fluid, and in the respiratory tract of newborns. 839 6

Cytoplasmic fractions from species of the Mollicutes genera Entomoplasma, Mesoplasma, Mycoplasma, and Acholeplasma were assayed for NADH oxidase (NADH ox), ATP- and PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK), ATP- and PPi-dependent deoxyguanosine kinase (dGUOK), thymidine kinase (TK), TMP kinase (TMPK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6Pde), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, dUTPase, and uracil-DNA glycosylase (UNG) activities. Membrane fractions were also examined for NADH ox activity. These activities were used as indicators of the presence and relative activities of major Mollicutes metabolic and DNA repair pathways. This was the first study to determine the presence of these enzymes in members of the genera Entomoplasma and Mesoplasma. Using the data obtained, we constructed a preliminary scheme for distinguishing genera of the class Mollicutes on the basis of the results of signature functional enzyme assays. This scheme includes phylogenetic relationships deduced from rRNA analyses, but is more informative with respect to metabolic potential. The criteria used include the presence of PPi-dependent PFK, urease, dUTPase, and dGUOK activities. Entomoplasma ellychniae ELCN-1T (T = type strain), Entomoplasma melaleucae M-1T, Mesoplasma seiffertii F7T, Mesoplasma entomophilum TACT, Mesoplasma florum L1T, Mycoplasma fermentans PG18T, and Acholeplasma multilocale PN525T were similar in most respects. NADH ox activity was localized in the cytoplasm of these organisms. These strains had ATP-dependent PFK, MDH, LDH, ATP- and PPi-dependent dGUOK, and UNG activities, but not dUTPase or G6Pde activities. In contrast, Acholeplasma equifetale C112T, Acholeplasma oculi 19LT, Acholeplasma hippikon C1T, Acholeplasma modicum PG49T, and Acholeplasma morum 72-043T had membrane-localized NADH ox activity, PPi-dependent PFK, G6Pde, and dUTPase activities, and significantly lower MDH and LDH activities and exhibited a faster rate with PPi than with ATP in the dGUOK reaction. All of the members of the Mollicutes tested had hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and (except for Mesoplasma entomophilum TAC(T)) UNG activities. All of the Acholeplasma strains except Acholeplasma multilocale PN525T had TK, TMPK, and UNG activities. Mesoplasma entomophilum TAC(T) was distinguished by having no detectable dUTPase, UNG, TK, and TMPK activities, indicating that there is a severe restriction in or an absence of a synthetic route to dTTP. Our data also suggest that A. multilocale PN525T is a member of an unrecognized metabolic subgroup of the genus Acholeplasma or is not an Acholeplasma strain.
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PMID:Comparative metabolism of Mesoplasma, Entomoplasma, Mycoplasma, and Acholeplasma. 886 14

Ureaplasma gallorale is a urease-containing mycoplasma (a member of the Mollicutes) which is pathogenic for chickens, from which it was originally isolated. We amplified the 16S rRNA gene of this bacterium and then cloned and sequenced the amplicon. A phylogenetic analysis based on an alignment of the 16S rRNA sequences of U. gallorale and several other Ureaplasma species revealed that U. gallorale is more closely related to Ureaplasma urealyticum than to other Ureaplasma species.
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PMID:Ureaplasma gallorale, an isolate from chickens, is most closely related to the human isolate, U. urealyticum. 886 56

The role in virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae urease activity was investigated. A urease-negative mutant was isolated following transposon mutagenesis with a mini-Tn10 derivative. Both the parent strain and the urease-negative mutant exhibited identical LD50 values in a murine infection model. Pig challenge confirmed that the urease-negative mutant was fully virulent, since experimental inoculation with 5 x 10(7) colony forming units resulted in an acute disease indistinguishable from that produced by the wild-type strain at the same dose. Our results demonstrate that urease activity is not required for the development of acute pleuropneumonia.
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PMID:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae does not require urease activity to produce acute swine pleuropneumonia. 906 10

Background: Sexually transmitted diseases are often caused by one or more microorganisms, and asymptomatic carriage and transmission may be of significance. Testing for more than one organism in a single assay could be a useful approach to laboratory diagnosis. Methods and Results: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed that employed specific primers targeted to the 7.5-kb cryptic plasmid of Chlamydia trachomatis, the cppB gene of the 4.2-kb cryptic plasmid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the 140-kd major adhesion protein gene of Mycoplasma genitlium, and the urease gene of Ureaplasma urealyticum. All four polymerase chain reaction products were detectable by agarose gel electorphoresis and were confirmed by Southern hybridization using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled oligonucleotide probes and enhanced chemiluminescent detection. Using purified DNA preparations, multiplex PCR had a reproducible detection limit of 1 fg of C. trachomatis DNA, 100 fg of N. gonorrhoeae DNA, and 10 fg U. urealyticum DNA and M. genitalium DNA, which converts to 1-2 genomic equivalents (ge) of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae, 4 ge of M. genitalium, and 10 ge U. urealyticum. Multiplex PCR was compared with individual uniplex polymerase chian reaction PCR assays by testing 117 first-void urine samples (91 men, 26 women) from Canadian or Kenyan patients. Multiplex PCR detected 45 of 46 (97.8%) urines with C. trachomatis DNA, 42 of 42 (100%) urines with N. gonorrhoeae DNA, 17 of 17 (100%) urines with U. urealyticum DNA, 4 of 4 (100%) urines with M. genitalium DNA, 12 of 12 urines that had DNA from two bacteria, and 2 of 2 urines with DNA from three bacteria. Multiplex PCR correctly identified bacteria in 92 of 93 urines for an overall sensitivity of 98.9%. Specificity calculations were 100% for C. trachomatis (71/71), N. gonorhoeae (75/75), U. urealyticum (100/100), and M. genitalium (113/113). Conclusions: Multiplex PCR provided a single sensitive and specific test for the detection of four bacteria in first-void urine samples. Testing of first-void urine samples by multiplex PCR could facilitate studies aimed at improving our understanding of the epidemiology of these important sexually transmitted diseases.
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PMID:Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma genitalium in First-void Urine Specimens by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction. 1046 5

The contribution of urease activity to the pathogenesis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was investigated using 2 different urease-negative transposon mutants of the virulent serotype 1 strain, CM5 Nalr. One mutant, cbiK::Tn10, is deficient in the uptake of nickel, a cofactor required for urease activity. The other mutant, ureG::Tn10, is unable to produce active urease due to mutation of the urease accessory gene, ureG. In aerosol challenge experiments, pigs developed acute pleuropneumonia following exposure to high doses (10(6) cfu/mL) of the parental strain, CM5 Nalr, and to the cbiK::Tn10 mutant. When low dose (10(3) cfu/mL) challenges were used, neither urease-negative mutant was able to establish infection, whereas the parental strain was able to colonize and cause lesions consistent with acute pleuropneumonia in 8 of the 20 pigs challenged. These findings suggest that urease activity may be needed for A. pleuropneumoniae to establish infection in the respiratory tract of pigs.
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PMID:Urease activity may contribute to the ability of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to establish infection. 1093 79

Post-mortem examinations of 100 camels with pneumonic lesions were made at a local abattoir for Mycoplasma species. Sixteen isolates with indistinguishable biochemical and immunological characters were identified. The biochemical profile of these isolates showed that they were sensitive to digitonin, negative for urease production, glucose fermentation, and phosphatase activity but were positive for arginine hydrolysis. The identity of these isolates was further confirmed by disk growth inhibition test using a panel of specific antisera against selected reference Mycoplasma spp. Based on the biochemical profile and growth inhibition results, the camel isolates were identified as M. arginini. The pathological findings associated with M. arginini isolation consisted mostly of chronic interstitial pneumonia. The isolation rate of M. arginini from these specimens was 8.8%. These results suggest that the role of M. arginini in pneumonia in camels should be explored in greater detail.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of Mycoplasma arginini from camels (Camelus dromedarius) with pneumonia. 1183 46

Thirty isolates of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae from clinical and slautherhouse cases of porcine Haemophilus pleuropneumonia in Saskatchewan as well as six isolates from British Columbia and Ontario were subjected to cultural, biochemical, serological and antibiotic sensitivity tests. All strains were Gram-negative pleomorphic rods or coccobacilli which grew only in the presence of V factor and all produced porphyrin from delta-aminolaevulinic acid. Biochemically, the organism was positive for urease, O-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranosidase and the fermentation of sucrose, mannitol, dextrose, lactose and xylose, but was usually negative for indole. Most strains of H. pleuropneumoniae were sensitive to chloramphenicol, furamazone, carbenicillin and ampicillin, but only about 50% were sensitive to tetracycline. Serotype 5 was more common than serotype 1 or the untyped strains among Saskatchewan isolates. In addition, serotype 3 was identified from British Columbia.Retrospective epidemiological studies showed that Haemophilus pleuropneumonia occurred and recurred on farms in the Saskatoon and adjoining districts, serviced by the diagnostic laboratories of the Western College of Veterinary Medicine and that the disease was more common among three month old pigs during the fall-winter season.
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PMID:Characteristics of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae Isolates and Some Epidemiological Findings on Porcine Haemophilus Pleuropneumonia in Saskatchewan. 1742 65

Mycoplasmas are parasitic bacteria with small genomes. Since parasitic bacteria need to adapt themselves to their hosts, there is a possibility that some genes evolved under species-specific constraint. We assume that Ureaplasma parvum has candidate genes that evolved in a species-specific manner in its genome. Here we examined synonymous-to-nonsynonymous substitution ratios (omega) of the 143 mycoplasma-orthologous genes of Ureaplasma and other mycoplasmas using branch models. As a result, the model allowing for Ureaplasma branch-specific omega in addition to omega of other mycoplasmas was significantly supported in 16 genes. First, the Ureaplasma-specific model was significantly supported in the genes encoding a transcription elongation factor and a transcription terminator factor, suggesting that transcription-related genes of Ureaplasma have evolved in a unique manner compared to those of other mycoplasmas. Second, the Ureaplasma-specific model was significantly supported in the gene encoding uracil-DNA glycosylase. In addition, the omega value of the gene in the Ureaplasma lineage was approximately 30-fold lower than those of other lineages, suggesting that uracil-DNA glycosylase of Ureaplasma evolved under stronger functional constraint than those of other mycoplasmas. Finally, three glycolytic genes of Ureaplasma were suggested to have evolved under relaxed selection. Among mycoplasmas, only Ureaplasma has urease and synthesizes ATPs via hydrolysis of urea. This raises the possibility that Ureaplasma does not need a glycolysis pathway for ATP synthesis. This unique energy-producing system may be related to the Ureaplasma-specific evolution of the glycolytic genes.
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PMID:Detection of the genes evolving under Ureaplasma-specific selection. 1841 24


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