Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.5.1.4 (deaminase)
5,113 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We developed a new simple enzymatic assay method for measuring urinary polyamines (total amount of putrescine, spermidine, and cadaverine), using an acylpolyamine amidohydrolase and a putrescine oxidase. First conjugated polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and cadaverine) in urine were hydrolyzed by incubation with an acylpolyamine amidohydrolase at 30 degrees for 1 hr. then, free polyamines were separated by cation-exchange chromatography and incubated with a putrescine oxidase at 30 degrees for 30 min. Hydrogen peroxide formed in this reaction was measured spectrophotometrically (at 514 nm). Polyamine levels in urine were determined in 70 normal subjects, 124 patients with cancer, and 52 patients with diseases other than cancer. Elevation above 3 S.D.s of the normal mean was found in 90 (72.6%) of the 124 patients with cancer and in 6 (11.5%) of the 52 patients with diseases other than cancer. Serial studies in 19 patients with cancer indicated that polyamines in urine were reduced after successful surgery. Our new method is simple and rapid and therefore very useful for routine clinical application. Moreover, our data indicate that the determination of polyamine levels is useful as a marker of disease activity in patients with cancer.
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PMID:A new simple enzymatic assay method for urinary polyamines in humans. 683 60

Cytosine deaminase (CDase, EC 3.5.4.1) isolated from Escherichia coli contains a catalytically essential divalent metal ion. Fe2+ was efficiently removed from the enzyme with o-phenanthroline to yield an apoenzyme with less than 5% of the catalytic activity of native enzyme. The time courses for inactivation and for removal of Fe2+ from the enzyme by o-phenanthroline were similar. Apoenzyme reconstituted with Fe2+, Mn2+, Co2+, or Zn2+ (M2+CDase) had kcat values of 185, 88, 50, and 32 s-1, respectively. The Km values of these M2+CDases for cytosine were similar (0.22-0.39 mM). Cytosine potently inhibited reconstitution of the apoenzyme with Fe2+. Fe2+CDase was rapidly inactivated by 1 mM H2O2 (t1/2 < 1 s), whereas Mn2+CDase, Co2+CDase, and Zn2+CDase were not inactivated by H2O2. CDase was also inhibited by excess divalent cations. Cu2+ and Zn2+ reversibly inhibited Fe2+CDase activity with inhibition constants of 1.8 and 5.8 microM, respectively. Cu2+ dissociated slowly from the secondary binding on CDase with a rate constant of 2 x 10(-3) s-1.
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PMID:Cytosine deaminase. The roles of divalent metal ions in catalysis. 822 44

When human umbilical vein endothelial cells were prelabeled with [14C]-adenine and then exposed to xanthine oxidase (40 mU/ml) and hypoxanthine (100 microM) for 4 h, cellular adenine nucleotides were depleted (18 +/- 3% of total radioactivity vs. 61 +/- 10% in controls), nucleotides appeared in the culture medium (8 +/- 3% vs. 4 +/- 3%) together with the catabolic products inosine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid (74 +/- 4% vs. 35 +/- 11%). In the presence of H2O2 (100 microM) for 30 min, cellular nucleotides were depleted (46 +/- 25%) and catabolic products appeared in the medium (40 +/- 26%), but radioactive nucleotides in the medium were unaltered. In the presence of an inhibitor of ecto-5'-nucleotidase [alpha, beta-methylene-adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), 0.5 mM], exposure to xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine resulted in the appearance of three times more nucleotides in the culture medium than in the absence of the inhibitor, but there was no change in medium nucleotides after H2O2 exposure. In the presence of an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (2-deoxycoformycin, 2 microM), both exposures caused an accumulation of adenosine in the medium, calculated to represent a minimum of 25% of nucleotide catabolism. We conclude that exposure to both a superoxide-generating system (hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase) and H2O2 induce catabolism of adenine nucleotides, which mainly takes place through adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) deaminase. However, superoxide but not H2O2 also causes membrane damage and leakage of nucleotides into the medium.
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PMID:Mechanisms of adenine nucleotide depletion from endothelial cells exposed to reactive oxygen metabolites. 838 Nov 5

Aerobic and anaerobic studies have demonstrated that uroporphyrin I-induced inactivation of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, porphobilinogenase, deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase was dependent on oxygen and mediated by reactive oxygen species. The mechanism of photoinactivation of those heme-enzymes from human erythrocytes by uroporphyrin I by u.v. light was investigated. Enzymes of the heme pathway were preincubated in the presence of specific scavengers for several reactive oxygen species and then exposed to uroporphyrin I and u.v. light. Upon exposure of the enzymes to the porphyrin under u.v. light, and in an aerobic atmosphere, the percentage of enzyme activities with respect to the corresponding controls were 50.2 +/- 5.1 (SD, n = 6), 25.3 +/- 3.0 (SD, n = 6), 25.9 +/- 2.8 (SD, n = 6) and 49.7 +/- 7.5 (SD, n = 8) for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, porphobilinogenase, deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, respectively. The presence of sodium azide, histidine or superoxide dismutase did not protect the enzymes against the effects of uroporphyrin I. However, both cysteine and potassium ferrycyanide prevented the enzyme photoinactivation induced by uroporphyrin I. In the presence of either catalase or GSH, the enzyme photoinactivation was lower. Ethanol, glucose and dimethylsulfoxide had no effect on enzyme activity, while ion chelators had variable effects. This study shows that the type II mechanism is not the predominant reaction mediating the uroporphyrin I effect and enzyme photoinactivation would involve an electron transfer. Hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals could possibly mediate the uroporphyrin I-induced enzyme photoinactivation.
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PMID:Mechanistic studies on uroporphyrin I-induced photoinactivation of some heme-enzymes. 902 52

An extracellular serine proteinase purified from cultures of a psychrotrophic Vibrio species (strain PA-44) belongs to the proteinase K family of the superfamily of subtilisin-like proteinases. The enzyme is secreted as a 47-kDa protein, but under mild heat treatment (30 min at 40 degrees C) undergoes autoproteolytic cleavage on the carboxyl-side of the molecule to give a proteinase with a molecular mass of about 36 kDa that apparently shares most of the enzymatic characteristics and the stability of the 47-kDa protein. In this study, selected enzymatic properties of the Vibrio proteinase were compared with those of the related proteinases, proteinase K and aqualysin I, as representative mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for the amidase activity of the cold-adapted enzyme against succinyl-AAPF-p-nitroanilide was significantly higher than that of its mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts, especially when compared with aqualysin I. The stability of the Vibrio proteinase, both towards heat and denaturants, was found to be significantly lower than of either proteinase K or aqualysin I. One or more disulfide bonds in the psychrotrophic proteinase are important for the integrity of the active enzyme structure, as disulfide cleavage, either by reduction with dithiothreitol or by sulfitolysis, led to a loss in its activity. Under the same conditions, aqualysin I was also partially inactivated by dithiothreitol, but the activity of proteinase K was unaffected. The disulfides of either proteinase K or aqualysin I were not reactive towards sulfitolysis, except under denaturing conditions, while all disulfides of the Vibrio proteinase reacted in absence of a denaturant. The reactivity of the disulfides of the proteins as a function of denaturant concentration followed the order: Vibrio proteinase > proteinase K > aqualysin I. The same order of reactivity was also observed for the inactivation of the enzymes by H2O2-oxidation, as a function of temperature. The order of reactivity observed in these reactions most likely reflects the accessibility of the reactive cystine or methionine side chains present in the three related proteinases, and hence a difference in the compactness of their protein structures.
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PMID:Properties of a subtilisin-like proteinase from a psychrotrophic Vibrio species comparison with proteinase K and aqualysin I. 1010 4

To study the influence of oxidative stress on energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes, cells were incubated with increasing concentrations (0.5-10 mM) of hydrogen peroxide for 1 h at 37 degrees C and the main substances of energy metabolism (ATP, AMP, GTP and IMP) and one index of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) were determined by HPLC on cell extracts. Using the same incubation conditions, the activity of AMP-deaminase was also determined. Under nonhaemolysing conditions (at up to 4 mM H2O2), oxidative stress produced, starting from 1 mM H2O2, progressive ATP depletion and a net decrease in the intracellular sum of adenine nucleotides (ATP + ADP + AMP), which were not paralleled by AMP formation. Concomitantly, the IMP level increased by up to 20-fold with respect to the value determined in control erythrocytes, when cells were challenged with the highest nonhaemolysing H2O2 concentration (4 mM). Efflux of inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid towards the extracellular medium was observed. The metabolic imbalance of erythrocytes following oxidative stress was due to a dramatic and unexpected activation of AMP-deaminase (a twofold increase of activity with respect to controls) that was already evident at the lowest dose of H2O2 used; this enzymatic activity increased with increasing H2O2 in the medium, and reached its maximum at 4 mM H2O2-treated erythrocytes (10-fold higher activity than controls). Generation of malondialdehyde was strictly related to the dose of H2O2, being detectable at the lowest H2O2 concentration and increasing without appreciable haemolysis up to 4 mM H2O2. Besides demonstrating a close relationship between lipid peroxidation and haemolysis, these data suggest that glycolytic enzymes are moderately affected by oxygen radical action and strongly indicate, in the change of AMP-deaminase activity, a highly sensitive enzymatic site responsible for a profound modification of erythrocyte energy metabolism during oxidative stress.
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PMID:Energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation of human erythrocytes as a function of increased oxidative stress. 1065 4

The endometrium stroma cells and properties of such key enzymes as acetylcholinesterase, Mg2+, Ca(2+)-ATPase, AMP-deaminase have been investigated in them. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in suspension of cells compounds is 9.8 +/- 0.2 mumol of tiocholinbromide/mg protein/hour and is reduced under influence of exogenous ATP, NO2-, H2O2 and Triton X-100. Common Mg2+, Ca(2+)-ATPase activity of compounds of 36 +/- 2 mumol Pi/mg protein/hour, is depressed by sodium azide and thapsigargine, that specifies presence of an investigated enzyme in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum of investigated cells. In a suspension of stroma cells with addition of 0.2% of Triton X-100 for augmentation of permeability of cellular membranes and 1.5 M KCl for a dissociation of complexes AMP-deaminase with proteins and membranes, the deamination exogenous AMP up to IMP and NH3, is registered generated in the given response. The supposition about NH3 role as the paracrine regulator in the system endometrium-myometrium of the uterus is expressed.
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PMID:[Enzymes and processes of activation of the endometrium stromal cells]. 1514 16

Acetamide is carcinogenic in rats and mice. To clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis by acetamide, we investigated DNA damage by and acetamide metabolite, acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), using 32P-5'-end-labeled DNA fragments. AHA treated with amidase induced DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II) and displayed a similar DNA cleavage pattern of hydroxylamine. DNA damage was inhibited by both catalase and bathocuproine, suggesting that H2O2 and Cu(I) are involved. Carboxy-PTIO, a specific scavenger of nitric oxide (NO), partially inhibited DNA damage. The amount of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) by amidase-treated AHA was similar to that by hydroxylamine. ESR spectrometry revealed that amidase-treated AHA as well as hydroxylamine generated NO in the presence of Cu(II). From these results, it has been suggested that AHA might be converted into hydroxylamine by amidase. These results suggest that metal-mediated DNA damage mediated by amidase-catalyzed hydroxylamine generation plays an important role in the carcinogenicity of acetamide.
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PMID:Mechanism of metal-mediated DNA damage induced by a metabolite of carcinogenic acetamide. 1535 19

Isoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug that can cause hepatotoxicity in 20% of patients that is usually associated with an inflammatory response. Hepatocytes when exposed to non-toxic levels of H2O2, to simulate H2O2 formation by inflammatory cells, became twice as sensitive to isoniazid toxicity. Isoniazid cytotoxicity was prevented by 1-aminobenzotriazole, a non-selective P450 inhibitor or by bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (BNPP), an esterase inhibitor. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of hydrazine, the metabolite formed by amidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of isoniazid, was increased 16-fold by a non-toxic H2O2-generating system. The acetylhydrazine metabolite was found to be much less cytotoxic than hydrazine in this hepatocyte inflammation model. Hydrazine, therefore, seems to be the isoniazid reactive metabolite in this inflammation model. The molecular mechanism of hydrazine-induced cytotoxicity was attributed to oxidative stress as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protein carbonyl formation occurred before the onset of hepatocyte toxicity. Hydrazine toxicity also involved significant production of endogenous H2O2 which resulted in lysosomal membrane damage and leads to a collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential. These results implicated H2O2, a cellular mediator of inflammation, as a potential risk factor for the manifestation of adverse drug reactions, particularly those caused by hydrazine containing drugs.
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PMID:Role of hydrazine in isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity in a hepatocyte inflammation model. 1829 92

The purification and in vitro inactivation of AMP-deaminase from white muscle of carp Cyprinus carpio were conducted in the Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe2+/ascorbate oxidation systems. The enzyme activity decreases by 50% within 30 minutes of incubation in the presence of 100 microM of hydrogen peroxide and 5 microM of ferrous sulfate. Inactivation depended on incubation time and concentrations of FeSO4 and H2O2. In the system Fe2+/ascorbate the enzyme activity decreased by 50% at concentration of ascorbate 1 mM and 5 ferrous sulfate microM. Sodium nitrite did not affect the activity. S(0.5) and n(H) of both native and partially inactivated enzymes were virtually the same, while maximal activity of the inactivated enzyme was 2-3-fold lower than that of the native one.
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PMID:[Inactivation of AMP-deaminase from white muscle of Cyprinus carpio in the systems with free radical oxidation]. 1871 10


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