Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.5.1.4 (deaminase)
 5,113 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By the use of spin trapping agents phenyl-t-butyl nitrone (PBN) and 4-pyridyl-1-oxide-t-butyl nitrone (4-POBN) free radical species were detected in isolated hepatocytes incubated with either isoniazid, iproniazid and their respective metabolites acetyl-hydrazine and isopropyl-hydrazine. The addition of bis-nitrophenyl phosphate, an inhibitor of the acylamidase enzymes, to isolated hepatocytes decreased the free radical activation of isoniazid and iproniazid, but not that of acetyl- and isopropyl-hydrazine, confirming that the radical species were originating from the biotransformation of these latter compounds. The ESR spectra were ascribed to the trapping of, respectively, acetyl and isopropyl free radicals on the basis of the analogies of the spectral feature with those of chemically-prepared spin adducts. Comparable ESR spectra were also observed during the metabolism of acetyl- and isopropyl-hydrazines by liver microsomes and their formation was inhibited by the omission of NADP+, anaerobic incubation and enzyme denaturation. In the microsomal preparations inhibitors of the mixed function oxidase system decreased to various extents the free radical formation and a similar effect was also observed following the destruction of cytochrome P-450 induced by pretreating the rats with CoCl2. The addition of reduced glutathione also decreased the radical trapping indicating that GSH can effectively compete with the spin traps for the reaction with the free radicals. The incubation of isolated hepatocytes with isoniazid or acetyl-hydrazine reduced by 20-25% the intracellular GSH content, while a 50% decrease in GSH was present in the cells exposed to iproniazid and isopropyl-hydrazine. In the same hepatocyte preparations stimulation of lipid peroxidation and leakage of LDH were also observed during cell incubation with iproniazid and isopropyl-hydrazine, but not with isoniazid or acetyl-hydrazine and the extent of both phenomena correlated with the susceptibility of the above compounds to the free radical activation.
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PMID:Spin trapping of free radical intermediates produced during the metabolism of isoniazid and iproniazid in isolated hepatocytes. 282 Apr 25

Formylglutamate amidohydrolase (FGase) catalyzes the terminal reaction in the five-step pathway for histidine utilization in Pseudomonas putida. By this action, N-formyl-L-glutamate (FG) is hydrolyzed to produce L-glutamate plus formate. Urocanate, the first product in the pathway, induced all five enzymes, but FG was able to induce FGase alone, although less efficiently than urocanate did. This induction by FG resulted in the formation of an FGase with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the FGase induced by urocanate. A 9.6-kilobase-pair HindIII DNA fragment containing the P. putida FGase gene was cloned into the corresponding site on plasmid pBEU1 maintained in Escherichia coli. Insertion of the fragment in either orientation on the vector resulted in expression, but a higher level was noted in one direction, suggesting that the FGase gene can be expressed from either of two vector promoters with different efficiencies or from a single vector promoter in addition to a less efficient Pseudomonas promoter. FGase was purified 1,110-fold from the higher-expression clone in a yield of 10% through six steps. Divalent metal ions stimulated activity, and among those tested (Co, Fe, Zn, Ca, Ni, Cd, Mn, and Mg), Co(II) was the best activator, followed by Fe(II). FGase exhibited a Km of 14 mM for FG and a specific activity of 100 mumol/min per mg of protein in the presence of 5 mM substrate and 0.8 mM CoCl2 at 30 degrees C. The enzyme was maximally active in the range of pH 7 to 8. FGase was found to be a monomer of molecular weight 50,000. N-Acetyl-L-glutamate was not a substrate for the enzyme, but both it and N-formyl-L-aspartate were competitive inhibitors of formylglutamate hydrolysis, exhibiting Ki values of 6 and 9 mM, respectively. The absence of FGase activity as an integral part of histidine breakdown in most other organisms and the somewhat uncoordinated regulation of FGase synthesis with that of the other hut enzymes in Pseudomonas suggest that the gene encoding its synthesis may have evolved separately from the remaining hut genes.
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PMID:Purification and properties of formylglutamate amidohydrolase from Pseudomonas putida. 330 50

1-Aminocyclopropane deaminase (ACC) and tryptophan monooxygenase are two enzymes involved in plant senescence-inhibiting and growth-promoting regulation, respectively. In this study, two binary vectors were constructed in which the Agrobacterium iaaM gene was under the transcriptional control of a xylem-specific glycine-rich protein promoter alone, or co-expressed with the bacterial ACC deaminase gene, which was driven by the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic petunia shoots co-expressing both genes were able to root on medium supplemented with 7.5 mg l(-1) CoCl2. When T1 transgenic tobacco plants were grown in sand supplemented with Cu2+ and Co2+, tissue specific co-expression of both iaaM and ACC deaminase genes showed faster growth with larger biomass with a more extensive root system, and accumulated a greater amount of heavy metals than the empty vector control plants. When T1 transgenic tobacco plants were grown in soil watered with different concentrations of CuSO4, xylem specific expression of the iaaM gene caused the accumulation of more Cu2+ than the empty vector control at lower CuSO4 concentrations, but showed severe toxic symptoms at concentration of 100 mg l(-1) CuSO4. T1 transgenic plants co-expressing both genes accumulated more heavy metals into the plant shoots and can tolerate CuSO4 at 150 mg l(-1). In addition, plants co-expressing these two genes can grow well in a complex contaminated soil containing both inorganic and organic pollutants, while the growth of the control plants was greatly inhibited.
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PMID:Enhancement of heavy metal accumulation by tissue specific co-expression of iaaM and ACC deaminase genes in plants. 1847 63