Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.5.1.4 (deaminase)
 5,113 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adenosine is now widely accepted as the major inhibitory neuromodulator in the central nervous system besides GABA. It has been suggested to be an endogenous neuroprotective metabolite. In situations of metabolic stress, e.g. ischemia adenosine decreases energy demand and increases energy supply. Of particular relevance in this context is its modulation of glutamate release. A shift of this adenosine-glutamate balance in favor of adenosine helps to restore function at the cellular, organ and organism level. Adenosine A1 receptor agonists and metabolic inhibitors, e.g. of transport, deaminase and xanthine oxidase have been demonstrated to be effective in different animal models of ischemia. Nimodipine, a L-type channel calcium antagonist currently in clinical trials for stroke and dementia syndromes, has now been shown to be a potent adenosine transport inhibitor in clinically relevant concentrations. Increase of adenosinergic neuromodulation may well be one of several future therapeutic strategies in neuroprotection.
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PMID:Adenosine--an endogenous neuroprotective metabolite and neuromodulator. 788 4

We recently demonstrated that conditioned medium (CM) from peritoneal macrophages or activated microglia triggers a predominantly apoptotic death in hippocampal neurons in culture. We tested the effects of propentofylline (ppf), an agent that is neuroprotective in focal ischemia and is also associated with reduced microglial antigen expression after insult. Ppf had no impact on the secretion of neurotoxin from microglia. However, ppf significantly attenuated the effects of macrophage and microglial conditioned medium on neurons. Ppf did not attenuate neuronal hypoxic injury but did reverse the exaggeration of hypoxic injury exerted by subsequent addition of macrophage CM. A1 and A2 adenosine receptor inhibitors and an inhibitor of adenosine uptake each mimicked the effect of ppf. Neither ATP nor a deaminase inhibitor blocked the effect of microglial CM. These findings may be relevant to the neuroprotective effects of ppf in ischemia and dementia.
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PMID:Propentofylline protects neurons in culture from death triggered by macrophage or microglial secretory products. 1021 75