Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.5.1.1 (asparaginase)
 2,695 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were studied for morphology of lymphocytes by light and electron microscopy (EM), in vitro responses of lymphocytes to a battery of physical and chemical agents, overall clinical status, immunologic status, course, and response to therapy. CLL lymphocytes could be classified by EM into four groups on the basis of cell size and nuclear contour and by light microscopy into two groups, small cells and large cells (lymphosarcoma cells). Patient survival did not vary with cell size or morphology as determined by light or electron microscopy. In vitro testing of CLL lymphocytes following exposure to X-ray, PHA, DMSO 2 hr at 43 degrees C, prednisolone, glutaminase, and asparaginase permitted a separation of patients into categories of normal and abnormal in vitro responses. A normal in vitro response predicted a good response to therapy but an abnormal in vitro response did not preclude a good response to therapy. Following therapy, normalization of abnormal EM morphology and in vitro response was seen in some patients. Most patients tested had decreased serum immunoglobulins and abnormal PHA responses. There was a high incidence of infections and second neoplasms. Immunologic deficits could not be correlated with variations in lymphocyte morphology or in vitro response.
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PMID:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: correlation of clinical course and therapeutic response with in vitro testing and morphology of lymphocytes. 86 70

Systemic oncologic therapies can cause multiple emergency situations. There are, however, two unique emergencies directly related to chemotherapy administration: drug extravasation and hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). Most drugs can cause varying degrees of local tissue injury when extravasated. The medical management of extravasation is based on proper maintenance of the intravenous line, application of local cooling or warming for certain extravasations, and the use of antidotes to prevent the local toxic action of the extravasated drug. Antidotes that appear useful include hyaluronidase (for vinca alkaloids, epipodophyllotoxins, and paclitaxel), sodium thiosulfate (for mechlorethamine and cisplatin), and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (for anthracyclines and mitomycin C). HSRs, another potential adverse effect of chemotherapy administration, are a major concern for therapy with taxanes and with L-asparaginase, and their administration requires the use of premedication to prevent these reactions. Once a HSR has occurred, therapy may be continued by using an analog drug or by the administration of premedication as prophylaxis, in particular if the reaction was minor. On the other hand, it is also pertinent to become acquainted with the emergencies induced by biological agents, taking into consideration their increasing usages. In addition to interferons and interleukin-2 (IL-2), both of which have been in clinical use for several years, cytokine-toxin fusion proteins (DAB3891L-2) and two monoclonal antibodies (rituximab and trastuzumab) were recently approved for cancer therapy. The distinct toxicity profiles of these agents are reviewed.
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PMID:Systemic therapy emergencies. 1086 22