Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.5.1.1 (asparaginase)
 2,695 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Therapeutic proteins in general induce an immune response, especially when administered as multiple doses over prolonged periods. Non-human therapeutic proteins such as asparaginase and streptokinase induce antibodies by the classical immune reaction and their primary immunogenic factor is the degree of non-self. Human therapeutic proteins such as the interferons and GM-CSF breakdown immune tolerance and protein aggregation is their main factor inducing antibodies. Many other factors influence the level of immunogenicity of proteins, such as storage conditions,contaminants or impurities in the preparation, downstream processing, dose and length of treatment, as well as route of administration, appropriate formulation and disease status and concomitant treatment of patients. Clinical manifestations of antibodies directed against the protein include loss of efficacy, cross neutralization of endogenous proteins and general immune system effects, such as anaphylaxis or serum sickness.
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PMID:How to predict and prevent the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. 1860 64

Use of cytotoxic agents is associated with potential hypersensitivity reactions which are common with platinum compounds, L-asparaginase, taxanes, procarbazine and epipodophyllotoxins. Mechanisms underlying the reactions may involve IgE, non-allergic or a number of pathogenetically unclear events. Targeted therapies produce less collateral damage but demonstrate their own unique reactions. Cytopenias occur less often and mucocutaneous reactions to EGFR inhibitors, including papulopustular rash, are common. Fifteen currently approved mAbs provoke all four types of hypersensitivities including immune cytopenias, vasculitis, serum sickness and pulmonary events. Some successful desensitization protocols have been developed. Prevention of hypersensitivity reactions is based on skin testing, premedication and/or desensitization.
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PMID:Adverse events to nontargeted and targeted chemotherapeutic agents: emphasis on hypersensitivity responses. 2501 78