Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.25.1 (proteasome)
 28,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The major goal of this investigation was to collect statistically-based anthropometry describing the kinematics of the human hand and to model this anthropometry as a function of external hand measurements, so that it may be predicted noninvasively. Joint centres were anatomically estimated as the centre of curvature of the head of the bone proximal to the given joint. Joint centres determined using Reuleaux's method for PIP and DIP were within 1.4 mm of this anatomical estimate. Models using bone length as the independent variable explain more than 97% of the variability in the anatomically estimated joint centre position along the mid-line of the bone. Models for estimating the lengths of the kinematic segments using external hand length as the independent variable account for between 49 and 99% of the variability in segment length. Models for estimating the axial location of the finger MCP and thumb CMC joints with respect to the distal wrist crease using external hand length as the independent variable account for between 82 and 96% of the variability in these locations. Models for estimating the radio-ulnar location of the finger MCP and thumb CMC joints with respect to the long axis of the third metacarpal using external hand breadth as the independent variable account for between 30 and 74% of the variability in these locations.
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PMID:Anthropometric data for describing the kinematics of the human hand. 157 36

The bacterial chemotaxis signal transducer MCP is an integral membrane receptor protein. The chemoreceptor is localized at the flagellum-bearing pole of Caulobacter crescentus swarmer cells. Amino-terminal sequences of the MCP target the protein to the membrane while the carboxy-terminal portion of the protein is responsible for polar localization. The C. crescentus and Escherichia coli MCPs have highly conserved carboxy-terminal domains, and when an E. coli MCP is expressed in C. crescentus, it is targeted to the swarmer cell progeny. These results suggest that subcellular localization of a prokaryotic protein involves interaction of specific regions of the protein with unique cell sites that contain either localized binding proteins or a specific secretory apparatus.
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PMID:Polar localization of a bacterial chemoreceptor. 157 76

Managers may desire an approach to combining multiple productivity measurements into one score. This article demonstrates two approaches to aggregating multiple measurements, data envelope analysis (DEA) and the Multicriteria Performance/Productivity Measurement Technique (MCP/PMT). These methods are applied to actual hospital materials management data and do not result in significantly different results. The productivity analysis must then be tempered according to managerial judgement.
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PMID:Multiple productivity measurement approaches for management. 160 60

1. Two chromatographically distinct multicatalytic proteinases (MCP's) were isolated from the cytoplasm of chicken red blood cells and one MCP was purified from the nuclei. 2. The nuclear and the majority (97-99%) of the cytoplasmic multicatalytic proteolytic activity were chromatographically similar and differed from the minor cytoplasmic activity in their elution from hydroxylapatite, number of subunits on 2D-SDS-PAGE, and in their sensitivity to proteinase inhibitors. 3. Dichloroisocoumarin, a serine proteinase inhibitor, inhibited the hydrolysis of fluorogenic peptides but stimulated the degradation of casein by the multicatalytic proteinases suggesting that this enzyme has distinct active sites for protein and peptide hydrolysis.
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PMID:Comparison of the multicatalytic proteinases isolated from the nucleus and cytoplasm of chicken red blood cells. 161 79

Prosomes were first described as being mRNA-associated RNP (ribonucleoprotein) particles and subcomponents of repressed mRNPs (messenger ribonucleoprotein). We show here that prosomes isolated from translationally inactive mRNP have a protease activity identical to that described by others for the multicatalytic proteinase complex (MCP, 'proteasome'). By RNase or non-ionic detergent treatment, the MCP activity associated with repressed non-globin mRNP from avian erythroblasts, sedimenting at 35 S, could be quantitatively shifted on sucrose gradients to the 19-S sedimentation zone characteristic of prosomes, which were identified by monoclonal antibodies. The presence of small RNA in the enzymatic complex was shown by immunoprecipitation of the protease activity out of dissociated mRNP using a mixture of anti-prosome monoclonal antibodies; a set of small RNAs 80-120 nucleotides long was isolated from the immunoprecipitate. Furthermore, on CsCl gradients, colocalisation of the MCP activity with prosomal proteins and prosomal RNA was found, and no difference in the prosomal RNA pattern was observed whether the particles were fixed or not prior to centrifugation. These data indicate that the MCP activity is a property of prosomes, shown to be in part RNP and subcomplexes of in vivo untranslated mRNP. A hypothesis for the role of the prosome-MCP particles in maintaining homeostasis of specific protein levels is proposed.
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PMID:Prosomes and their multicatalytic proteinase activity. 163 13

Prosomes are mRNA-associated RNP particles and cofactors of untranslated (ribosome-) free mRNP having a multicatalytic proteinase (MCP; proteasome) activity. The expression of prosomal proteins in fetal development of the rat liver was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to individual prosomal proteins (p-mAbs). In all fetal and adult stages tested, strong immunofluorescence staining was observed with the p31K-specific p-mAb exclusively, whilst Western blot analysis showed reactivity also with the p27K and p33K antigens. Double labeling with the 31K p-mAb and an anti-cytokeratin antibody showed that the prosome antigen superimposes partially onto this type of intermediate filaments (IF), confirming earlier observations made on cultured cell lines of various types. Most interestingly, the p31K antigen was found preferentially in the pericanalicular zone of hepatocytes in the developing liver, from day 17 onwards up to the adult state. This shows a preferential concentration of prosomes of a specific type, including the p31K antigen, in the morphologically and possibly functionally specialized apical domain of the hepatocyte, in a differentiation-related fashion.
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PMID:Immunolocalization of a specific type of prosome close to the bile canaliculi in fetal and adult rat liver. 163 91

Metoclopramide was administered by continuous infusion to two groups each of 14 patients on chemotherapy, randomized to receive either doses adjusted to individual pharmacokinetic parameters or doses adjusted as usual to body weight. The mean plasma concentration at the end of the infusion in the adjusted group was 1.01 mg.l-1, close to that aimed for (1.20 mg.l-1). It was significantly different from that in the other group. v 0.54 mg.l-1. Antiemetic efficacy, defined as less than or equal to 2 emetic events in the 24 h following cisplatin, was similar in both groups (being found in 12/14 (86%) and 10/14 patients (71%), respectively). Analysis of the cumulative percentage of responders according to plasma concentration showed a clear plasma concentration-effect relationship. Routine MCP pharmacokinetic dosage adjustment is not indicated, but this therapeutic approach can be used to optimize antiemetic therapy in poor responder patients.
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PMID:Continuous infusion of high-dose metoclopramide: comparison of pharmacokinetically adjusted and standard doses for the control of cisplatin-induced acute emesis. 164 55

Tumor-derived chemotactic factors (TDCF) have been identified and thought to play a role in the regulation of macrophage infiltration in neoplastic tissues. The present study was designed to assess the in vivo relevance of the TDCF molecularly identified as monocyte chemotactic protein/JE, by investigating murine sarcoma clones expressing different levels of MCP/JE. The 1D3 clone derived from the B77 RSV-induced sarcoma expressed appreciable levels of MCP/JE mRNA and, concomitantly, chemotactic activity for mononuclear phagocytes. In contrast, the 5B11 clone from the same tumor had undetectable levels of MCP/JE transcripts and little or no chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity of 1D3 cells was blocked by an appropriate specific antiserum. The in vitro growth rate of the 2 sarcoma lines was identical. Upon in vivo transplantation, the 1D3 clone showed a substantially higher level of tumor-associated macrophages (28.9%; range 21%-34%) than the 5B11 clone (16.6%; range 13%-20%). 5B11-induced tumors appeared earlier and grew faster than those induced by 1D3. The difference in growth rate and in macrophage infiltration between 1D3 and 5B11 clones was also evident upon transplantation into nude mice. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that TDCF, identified as MCP/JE, is one important determinant of macrophage infiltration in tumors.
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PMID:Macrophage infiltration and growth of sarcoma clones expressing different amounts of monocyte chemotactic protein/JE. 165 61

The aim of this study was to gain further insight into the role that central dopaminergic pathways play in GH neuroregulation in man. Our experimental hypothesis was based on the possibility that most of the controversies on DA role could be due to the fact that the hypothalamic somatotroph rhythm (HSR) was not taken into account when interpreting the GH responses after pharmacological manipulations on dopaminergic pathways. In 10 normal subjects we monitored the effect of central dopaminergic blockade, achieved with metoclopramide (MCP; 10 mg, i.v. bolus), on the pattern of spontaneous GH secretion and the GH responses to a GHRH challenge (GRF1-29, 1 microgram/kg, i.v. bolus) administered together with MCP or 60 min after this drug was given. The study of HSR was made according to our previous postulate. Our results indicate that MCP administration, either prior to or together with the GHRH bolus, significantly increased GHRH-induced GH release during a refractory HSR phase; but not when the GHRH challenge took place during a spontaneous secretory phase. The strong relationship between pre-GHRH plasma GH values and GHRH-elicited GH peaks was lost when MCP was given. These data indicate that MCP was able to disrupt the intrinsic HSR by inhibiting the hypothalamic release of somatostatin (SS). While a main conclusion would be that central DA is a secretagogue for SS secretion, our results also suggest that this role could be dependent on its effects on the adrenergic inputs to SS neurons.
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PMID:Role of central dopaminergic pathways in the neural control of growth hormone secretion in normal men: studies with metoclopramide. 167 22

A rabbit antiserum prepared against disrupted sucrose-banded HIV-1 virus (strain FRE-3) reacted with antigens present in nuclear inclusions, pathognomonic for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This cross-reactivity was observed in autopsy specimens from individuals infected with CMV, in the presence or absence of co-infection with HIV-1. A Towbin immunoassay showed that the serum reacted specifically with the HCMV major capsid protein (MCP, 153 kDa), both in the nuclear fraction of infected cells and in virions. Direct evidence that these proteins share antigenic determinants was provided by the two-way cross-reactivity of affinity-selected antibodies (i.e., anti-MCP with HIV-1 gag precursor Pr55; anti-Pr55 with MCP). All four strains of HCMV tested showed this reactivity, but the counterpart proteins of simian CMV and herpes simplex virus type 1 did not, indicating that the determinant is not common to all herpes group viruses.
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PMID:Evidence that HIV-1 gag precursor shares antigenic sites with the major capsid protein of human cytomegalovirus. 169 65


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