Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.25.1 (proteasome)
28,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Complementary DNA encoding Ac. chrysogenum alkaline protease (Alp) was isolated from the Ac. chrysogenum ATCC11550 cDNA library by express-blot assay. The genomic DNAs encoding Ac. chrysogenum Alp were isolated from the Ac. chrysogenum genomic DNA library using the cloned cDNA as a probe. The 3150 nucleotides of the gene were sequenced. The prepro-Alp consists of 402 amino acids and two intervening sequences are found within the coding region. The amino acid sequence of Ac. chrysogenum Alp has 57% homology to that of Aspergillus oryzae Alp. The entire cDNA, encoding Ac. chrysogenum Alp, when introducing into the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, directed the secretion of enzymatically active Alp into the culture medium.
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PMID:Cloning and nucleotide sequences of the complementary and genomic DNAs for the alkaline protease from Acremonium chrysogenum. 136 96

The genomic DNA for the alkaline protease (Alp) of the fungus Aspergillus oryzae was isolated using synthetic oligonucleotides as hydridization probes, and the complete nucleotide sequence was identified. The Alp gene is 1374 nucleotides long and contains three introns, one of which is in the pro region and two in the mature coding region. Sequences related to the TATA box (TATAAAT) and the CAAT box (CCAAAT) were found in the 5'-noncoding region. Primer extension analysis showed that three transcriptional start points are present.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of the alkaline protease gene of Aspergillus oryzae. 136 48

We have used cDNA encoding D-amino acid oxidase, and genomic DNA encoding cephalosporin acylase from Fusarium solani and Pseudomonas diminuta, respectively, to construct a novel hybrid 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7ACA) biosynthetic operon under the control of regulatory elements from the alkaline protease gene of Acremonium chrysogenum. Transformants of A. chrysogenum BC2116, a high cephalosporin-producing strain, containing this operon, synthesized and secreted low levels of 7ACA. Although the amounts are not yet commercially significant, this represents the first microbial production of 7ACA and demonstrates the feasibility of introducing new biosynthetic capabilities into industrial microorganisms by combining fungal and bacterial genes.
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PMID:Construction of a 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7ACA) biosynthetic operon and direct production of 7ACA in Acremonium chrysogenum. 136 53

The proteasome (multicatalytic proteinase) consists of a large number of non-identical protein subunits which are encoded by the evolutionarily conserved PROS gene family. Using the PROS-Dm35 and PROS-Dm28.1 cDNAs as probes, we have isolated the corresponding genomic DNA clones of Drosophila melanogaster. In situ hybridization shows that the members of the PROS gene family are not organized in a single gene cluster and that, in contrast to the PROS-Dm35 gene, the PROS-Dm28.1 gene is localized on the X chromosome. Analysis of the genomic organization of the PROS-Dm28.1 and PROS-Dm35 genes reveals that both genes are interrupted by two small introns whereby the relative positions of the introns within the two coding regions are not conserved. Neither gene possesses a distinct transcriptional start site as shown by nuclease S1 analysis. Since the promoter regions also do not contain a TATA box, PROS genes appear to be typical house-keeping genes. A putative heat-shock element in the promoter region of the PROS-Dm35 gene was shown to be inactive on stress induction when fused to a reporter gene and tested in transient transfections assays. In addition, promoter deletion analysis demonstrates that the promoter region between positions -605 and -330 contains sequence elements important for PROS-Dm35 gene activity and that deletions beyond position -150 result in an almost complete inhibition of transcription.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of the genomic regions of the Drosophila alpha-type subunit proteasome genes PROS-Dm28.1 and PROS-Dm35. 137 31

A genetic locus implicated in the synthesis and secretion of alkaline protease (APR) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been previously described [Guzzo et al., J. Bacteriol. 172 (1990) 942-948]. The nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment encoding these functions was determined and revealed the existence of five open reading frames: aprA, the structural gene encoding APR; aprI, which encodes a protease inhibitor; and aprD, aprE, aprF whose products are involved in protease secretion. The AprD, AprE and AprF proteins share significant homology with proteins implicated in secretion of Erwinia chrysanthemi proteases and Escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin. These results provide further evidence for the existence of a specialized secretory system widespread among Gram- bacteria.
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PMID:Sequence of a cluster of genes controlling synthesis and secretion of alkaline protease in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: relationships to other secretory pathways. 142 98

The genomic sequence of a 66,109 bp long region within the human MHC has been determined by manual and automated DNA sequencing. From cDNA mapping and sequencing data it is known that this region contains a cluster of at least four genes that are believed to be involved in antigen processing. Here, we describe the genomic organization of these genes, which comprise two proteasome-related genes (LMP2 and LMP7), thought to be involved in the proteolytic degradation of cytoplasmic antigens and two ABC transporter genes (TAP1 and TAP2), thought to be involved in pumping of the degraded peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Analysis of the sequence homology and the intron/exon structures of the corresponding genes suggests that one gene pair arose by duplication from the other. Comparison of the available sequence data from other organisms shows striking conservation (70 to 84%) of this gene cluster in human, mouse and rat. The presence of several potential interferon stimulated response elements (ISREs) is in agreement with the experimentally observed up-regulation of these genes with gamma-interferon.
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PMID:DNA sequence analysis of 66 kb of the human MHC class II region encoding a cluster of genes for antigen processing. 145 54

Proteasomes (multi-protease complexes) are composed of approximately 15 non-identical subunits of similar sizes (molecular weight = 21-32 kDa), but different charges (isoelectric point = 4-9). Previously, we deduced the primary structures of 6 subunits of rat proteasomes by recombinant DNA techniques. In this paper we report the nucleotide sequences of 4 other subunits, rIOTA, rZETA, rDELTA, and rRING12, determined from cDNA clones isolated by screening a rat H4TG hepatoma cell cDNA library with the cDNAs of their human counterparts as probes. The polypeptides deduced from their nucleotide sequences consisted of 246, 241, 202, and 219 amino acid residues with calculated molecular weights of 27,399, 26,391, 21,649, and 23,324, and calculated isoelectric points of 6.37, 4.65, 4.84, and 4.70, respectively. These results and previous findings indicate that the primary structures of the subunits of rat proteasomes show considerably high inter-subunit homology, but can be classified into apparently distinct sub-groups, suggesting that rat proteasome genes form a multi-gene family with the same evolutionary origin, but have diverged during evolution to acquire possibly subunit-specific functions.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of cDNAs for rat proteasomes: deduced primary structures of four other subunits. 149 Oct 7

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, usually caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, is a life-threatening condition of immunosuppressed patients. We have created a mutant strain of this fungus that lacks an extracellular alkaline protease (AFAlp). This was accomplished by transformation of A. fumigatus with a plasmid containing a selectable marker for hygromycin B resistance, and a 504 bp segment of the AFAlp gene, obtained by polymerase-chain-reaction-based amplification of A. fumigatus genomic DNA. Approximately 25% of transformants resulted from disruption of the AFAlp gene. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins from the culture filtrate of a strain carrying the AFAlp gene disruption showed that it lacked a major protein of 33 kDa. Furthermore, in contrast to the culture filtrate from wild-type cells, the mutant had undetectable activity on azocollagen and elastin-Congo red, over a broad pH range. This shows that AFAlp accounts for most, if not all, of the extracellular elastinolytic activity of A. fumigatus, and that the mutant strain will be useful in assessing the role of AFAlp in pathogenicity.
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PMID:An Aspergillus fumigatus alkaline protease mutant constructed by gene disruption is deficient in extracellular elastase activity. 149 93

Proteasomes are ring- or cylinder-shaped particles that have a sedimentation coefficient of 20S and are composed of a characteristic set of small polypeptides. These particles have a latent multicatalytic proteinase activity. Recently, proteasomes were found to combine reversibly with multiple protein components to form 26S proteolytic complexes that catalyze ATP-dependent, selective breakdown of proteins ligated with ubiquitin. This suggests that the 26S complexes are a new type of ATP-requiring protease in eukaryotic cells. We have studied the structures of various eukaryotic proteasomes at the molecular level by physicochemical and recombinant DNA techniques and have proposed that the gross structures of proteasomes, such as their size and shape, have been highly conserved during evolution. Proteasome subunits appear to be encoded by a family of homologous genes named the "proteasome gene family," which may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. Evidence obtained by genetic analyses in yeast and studies on the levels of proteasome expression in various eukaryotic cells indicates that proteasomes have essential roles in the cell. In this review, we summarize available information on the protein and gene structures of proteasomes and discuss the biological functions of proteasomes.
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PMID:Proteasomes: protein and gene structures. 158 Dec 88

An Aspergillus fumigatus extracellular alkaline protease (ALP) which is an enzyme of the subtilisin family is a potential virulent factor of the fungus. The gene encoding ALP was isolated from a genomic library made from DNA of an A. fumigatus isolate. The nucleotide sequence of this gene was compared to that of a cDNA encoding A. oryzae ALP and to that of a cDNA from A. fumigatus encoding the mature ALP protein. Mature A. fumigatus ALP contains 282 amino acids and is encoded by three exons. The pre-proenzyme has a leader sequence of 121 amino acids.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of a genomic and a cDNA clone encoding an extracellular alkaline protease of Aspergillus fumigatus. 160 Dec 87


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