Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.25.1 (proteasome)
 28,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The identification of 249 proteins in the first 2 wks of wheat grain development enabled the chronological description of the early processes of grain formation. Cell division involved expression of the enzymes and proteins of the cytoskeleton and structure, DNA repair and replication enzymes and cellular metabolism enzymes (synthesis of amino acids, cell wall initiation, carbon fixation and energy production, cofactors and vitamins) with a peak expression at 125 degrees C day (degrees day after anthesis). After the first synthesis of amino acids, protein transport mechanisms, translation signals, sugar metabolism (polymerization of protein) and stress/defence proteins were activated with stable expression between 150 and 280 degrees C day. Proteins responsible for folding and degradation, including different subunits of proteasome, were highly expressed at 195 degrees C day. Proteins associated with starch granules (GBSS type 1) were present at the beginning of grain formation and increased regularly up to 280 degrees C day. Heat shock proteins (HSP70, 80, 90) were expressed throughout the early grain development stages.
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PMID:Proteomic and morphological analysis of early stages of wheat grain development. 2064 Nov 38

Identification of seed development regulatory genes is the key for the genetic improvement in rice grain quality. NF-Ys are the important transcription factors, but their roles in rice grain quality control and the underlying molecular mechanism remain largely unknown. Here, we report the functional characterization a rice NF-Y heterotrimer complex NF-YB1-YC12-bHLH144, which is formed by the binding of NF-YB1 to NF-YC12 and then bHLH144 in a sequential order. Knock-out of each of the complex genes resulted in alteration of grain qualities in all the mutants as well as reduced grain size in crnf-yb1 and crnf-yc12. RNA-seq analysis identified 1496 genes that were commonly regulated by NF-YB1 and NF-YC12, including the key granule-bound starch synthase gene Wx. NF-YC12 and bHLH144 maintain NF-YB1 stability from the degradation mediated by ubiquitin/26S proteasome, while NF-YB1 directly binds to the 'G-box' domain of Wx promoter and activates Wx transcription, hence to regulate rice grain quality. Finally, we revealed a novel grain quality regulatory pathway controlled by NF-YB1-YC12-bHLH144 complex, which has great potential for rice genetic improvement.
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PMID:NF-YB1-YC12-bHLH144 complex directly activates Wx to regulate grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). 3055 99