Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.25.1 (proteasome)
 28,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is an uncommon but aggressive plasma cell malignancy associated with frequent extramedullary involvement, high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities, and frequent organ dysfunction, ultimately resulting in poor prognosis. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and biological aspects of PCL and summarize therapeutic progress occurring over the past 2 decades. pPCL is distinguished from secondary PCL arising from multiple myeloma. The molecular and immunophenotypic changes of pPCL are often distinct from those seen in secondary PCL and multiple myeloma. The availability of novel agents (ie, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents) and the increasing use of hematopoietic cell transplantation strategies have resulted in better outcomes, although long-term survival remains poor. Development of complex treatment algorithms that combine novel agents as induction therapy, as part of conditioning regimens for hematopoietic cell transplantation (autologous or allogeneic), or as post-transplantation remission strategies are logical and may translate into improved survival in patients with PCL.
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PMID:Therapeutic advances in the treatment of primary plasma cell leukemia: a focus on hematopoietic cell transplantation. 2341 92

Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a peptide epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Despite the remarkable efficacy of CFZ against MM, the clinical trials in patients with solid cancers yielded rather disappointing results with minimal clinical benefits. Rapid degradation of CFZ in vivo and its poor penetration to tumor sites are considered to be major factors limiting its efficacy against solid cancers. We previously reported that polymer micelles (PMs) composed of biodegradable block copolymers poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(caprolactone) (PCL) can improve the metabolic stability of CFZ in vitro. Here, we prepared the CFZ-loaded PM, PEG-PCL-deoxycholic acid (CFZ-PM) and assessed its in vivo anticancer efficacy and pharmacokinetic profiles. Despite in vitro metabolic protection of CFZ, CFZ-PM did not display in vivo anticancer efficacy in mice bearing human lung cancer xenograft (H460) superior to that of the clinically used cyclodextrin-based CFZ (CFZ-CD) formulation. The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of CFZ-PM were also comparable to those of CFZ-CD and the residual tumors that persisted in xenograft mice receiving CFZ-PM displayed an incomplete proteasome inhibition. In summary, our results showed that despite its favorable in vitro performances, the current CFZ-PM formulation did not improve in vivo anticancer efficacy and accessibility of active CFZ to solid cancer tissues over CFZ-CD. Careful consideration of the current results and potential confounding factors may provide valuable insights into the future efforts to validate the potential of CFZ-based therapy for solid cancer and to develop effective CFZ delivery strategies that can be used to treat solid cancers.
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PMID:Polymer micelle formulation for the proteasome inhibitor drug carfilzomib: Anticancer efficacy and pharmacokinetic studies in mice. 2827 21