Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.25.1 (proteasome)
 28,817 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It has been widely shown that many plant-derived compounds present significant anti-inflammatory effects. For this reason, they represent potential molecules for the development of new drugs, especially designed for the treatment and/or control of chronic inflammatory states such as rheumatism, asthma, inflammatory bowel diseases, atherosclerosis, etc. This review focuses on the naturally-occurring compounds with anti-inflammatory properties and attempts to correlate their actions with the modulation of cytokines and associated intracellular signalling pathways; it continues the review published in the November, 2003 issue of Planta Medica. Abbreviations. AP-1:activator protein-1 CCR1:chemokine receptor 1 CINC-1:cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 COX:cyclooxygenase EGCG:(-)-epigallocatechin gallate ELAM-1:endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 ERK:extracellular signal-regulated kinase GRO:growth-related oncogene HUVEC:human umbilical vein endothelial cells ICAM-1:intercellular adhesion molecule-1 IFN:interferon IL:interleukin iNOS:inducible nitric oxide synthase IRA:the natural interleukin receptor activation JAK:janus kinase JNK:c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase LPS:lipopolysaccharide MAPK:mitogen-activated protein kinases MCP:monocyte chemotactic protein MHC:major histocompatibility complex MIP:macrophage inflammatory protein MMP:matrix metalloproteinases MPO:myeloperoxidase NF-kappaBnuclear factor kappa B NO:nitric oxide PAF:platelet aggregation factor PGEE:prostaglandin PK:protein kinase PMA/TPA:phorbol myristate acetate RANTES:regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted TGF-beta:transforming growth factor-beta TNFalpha:tumour necrosis factor VCAM-1:vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
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PMID:Anti-inflammatory compounds of plant origin. Part II. modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules. 1499 84

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disease of unknown origin. It affects the joints, but also virtually every other organ. Its cause remains still unknown. The prevalence rate is approximately 1% worldwide, with some racial differences. Women are affected three times more often than men. Symmetric swelling of the joints and a substantial morning stiffness are the typical signs of the disease. Most often the wrists, MCP and PIP joints, and the ankle and MTP joints are affected. The arthritis is usually progressive, leading to destructive changes of the affected joints. Neurological symptoms can occur following destruction of the atlantoaxial joint. Diagnosis and classification of the disease follows the 1987 revised American Rheumatism Association criteria, but for practical purposes the approach described by Visser et al. seems more useful, calculating odds ratios for persisting and erosive disease. Effective treatment can start earlier with this approach. Conventional radiology and serum markers, especially the newer antibodies against CCP are important aids in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. Diseases to be separated from rheumatoid are other arthritides of autoimmune origin, the cristal arthropathies, vasculitides, septic and parainfectious arthritides, osteoarthritis, and paraneoplastic syndromes.
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PMID:[Rheumatoid arthritis--clinical picture and important differential diagnoses]. 1594 14