Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.69 (botulinum neurotoxin)
 1,901 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Botulinum neurotoxin type B is a high-weight (150 kDa) protein produced by the anaerobic bacillus Clostridium botulinum. This metallo-protease neurotoxin cleaves synaptobrevin, a protein, which is crucial to neurotransmission, resulting in the muscle paralysis, which characterizes botulism. Inhibition of the metallo-peptidase activity is a possible approach to obtain specific therapeutics to treat botulism. We have previously reported a successful attempt to block the proteolytic activity of this neurotoxin with new, selective amino-thiol inhibitors endowed with Ki values in the 15-20 nanomolar range. With the aim of increasing the affinity and bioavailability of this first series of inhibitors we have optimized the residue that fits the P(1) subsite of the enzyme by comparing a series of ligands that contain subtle but significant variants of the parent structure. In addition, this strategy provided a simplification of the synthesis of BoNT/B inhibitors by reducing the possible number of stereoisomers. As such we were able to enhance the inhibitory potency whilst reducing the size as compared to the initial privileged structure yielding the first pseudo-tripeptide inhibitors with Ki values in the low nanomolar range.
 ...
PMID:Small tripeptide surrogates with low nanomolar affinity as potent inhibitors of the botulinum neurotoxin B metallo-proteolytic activity. 1514 64

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) cause botulism, which is characterized by a flaccid paralysis, through inhibition of acetylcholine release by peripheral cholinergic nerve terminals. This is due to the zinc metallopeptidase activity of the neurotoxin, cleaving one component (synaptobrevin for BoNT/B) of the exocytosis machinery. Yet, there are no specific agents able to control the peptidase-related effects of BoNT/B. We recently developed the first compounds to inhibit this enzymatic activity in the nanomolar range. Here we report that two of our best inhibitors prevent the BoNT/B-induced cleavage of native synaptobrevin on synaptic vesicles, and partially inhibit the suppression of [3H]noradrenaline release from synaptosomes that is caused by BoNT/B. These results were obtained at micromolar concentrations, consistent with the measured inhibitory potency of these inhibitors on the native toxin. These compounds provide a new way to possibly prevent and/or to control the neurotoxin effects of botulinum.
 ...
PMID:Partial protection against Botulinum B neurotoxin-induced blocking of exocytosis by a potent inhibitor of its metallopeptidase activity. 1598 65

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) is a proteolytic enzyme that induces muscle paralysis. It is a cause of food poisoning, a potential bioterrorist threat and, in low doses an emerging pharmaceutical product. No effective treatment is currently available for BoNT intoxication. Previously we developed a BoNT/A light chain enzyme assay using a peptide substrate based on the SNAP-25 protein target, with HPLC separation and UV detection of assay products, and applied the method to screen combinatorial peptide libraries for inhibitory activity to BoNT/A. We now report on development of a capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) method for measuring BoNT/A activity. The enzyme assay products were labeled with CBQCA dye followed by CE separation on a bare fused silica column in a HEPES-based buffer and LIF detection. All assay products were separated in CE within 8 min compared to incomplete separation of assay products within 1h by HPLC. The labeled products showed linear dependence of intensity versus concentration, and quantitative mole-fraction assignments. We used the CE-LIF method to screen combinatorial peptide libraries for potential modulating effects on BoNT/A peptidase activity. With some of the libraries, peptides co-migrated with assay products and interfered with quantitation. In such cases, interference was reduced by substituting sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for Tween-20 in the running buffer. Separation in the capillaries then occurred by micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). The CE-LIF method is quick and lends itself to high-throughput or microfluidic formats.
 ...
PMID:Capillary electrophoresis laser-induced fluorescence for screening combinatorial peptide libraries in assays of botulinum neurotoxin A. 1682 48