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Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
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Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
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Query: EC:3.4.24.69 (
botulinum neurotoxin
)
1,901
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Intramuscular injection of
botulinum neurotoxin
A produces transitory blockade of neuromuscular transmission and inhibits presynaptic release of acetylcholine. Its action affects peripheral cholinergic receptors, which unlike central receptors, can render the toxin active by an internalization mechanism. The intracellular target of
botulinum neurotoxin
A is a protein of the acetylcholine vesicle membrane. Currently, indications of
botulinum neurotoxin
A are
reserved
solely for dystonia. Such treatment has been shown to be effective and tolerance is good; histological modifications (muscle atrophy, denervation and axonal sprouts) have been observed. The most frequently reported side effects are related to high doses and repeated injections of
botulinum neurotoxin
A.
...
PMID:[Mode of action and effects of botulinum neurotoxin A]. 899 47
Clinical data and experience to date have demonstrated that
BoNT
-A is an effective and well-tolerated therapy for the prevention of migraine and other headache disorders. It has a long duration of action that may last over 4 months with no systemic or serious AEs. Several issues remain to be defined, however, including dosing, location, and number of injections; optimal dilution of
BoNT
-A; specific headache types that respond best to
BoNT
-A; and long-term efficacy and safety. Data from ongoing well-designed trials that include a larger patient population investigating these issues may confirm a role for
BoNT
-A as a first-line agent for migraine prevention. Neurotoxin therapy is part of a broader headache management approach. Because the injection techniques for headache are unique and vary depending on the primary headache disorder being treated and the location and pattern of pain referral, the use of
BoNT
-A for headache is not simply an extension of its use for cosmesis. The use of
BoNT
-A in the overall management of primary headache disorders should be
reserved
for medical practitioners who not only have experience with
BoNT
-A injections, but possess the expertise in the diagnosis and management of complex headache disorders. Educating patients and addressing headache triggers and optimizing acute treatment improve the outcome of any preventive program.
...
PMID:Botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of migraine and other primary headache disorders. 1522 77
