Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: EC:3.4.24.69 (
botulinum neurotoxin
)
1,901
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
The use of onabotulinumtoxinA (
BoNT
-A) for the treatment of lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD) has increased markedly in recent years. The indications for
BoNT
-A treatment of LUTD now include neurogenic or idiopathic detrusor overactivity, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and voiding dysfunction. The mechanisms of
BoNT
-A action on LUTDs affect many different aspects. Traditionally, the effects of
BoNT
-A were believed to be attributable to inhibition of acetylcholine release from the presynaptic efferent nerves at the neuromuscular junctions in the detrusor or urethral sphincter.
BoNT
-A injection in the bladder also regulated sensory nerve function by blocking neurotransmitter release and reducing receptor expression in the urothelium. In addition, recent studies revealed an anti-inflammatory effect for
BoNT
-A. Substance P and nerve growth factor in the urine and bladder tissue decreased after
BoNT
-A injection. Mast cell activation in the bladder also decreased.
BoNT
-A-induced improvement of urothelium function plays an important mitigating role in bladder dysfunction.
Vascular endothelial growth factor
expression in urothelium decreased after
BoNT
-A injection, as did apoptosis. Studies also revealed increased apoptosis in the prostate after
BoNT
-A injection. Although
BoNT
-A injection has been widely used to treat different LUTDs refractory to conventional treatment, currently, onabotulinumtoxinA has been proven effective only on urinary incontinence due to IDO and NDO in several large-scale clinical trials. The effects of onabotulinumtoxinA on other LUTDs such as interstitial cystitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, dysfunctional voiding or detrusor sphincter dyssynergia have not been well demonstrated.
...
PMID:Botulinum Toxin A and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Action. 2711 Aug 22
