Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.24.59 (MIP)
 4,906 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phrenic nerve and diaphragmatic dysfunction has been assumed to be the cause of respiratory failure in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type 1 (HMSN I). In order to determine the relationship between phrenic nerve and pulmonary function in this disease, 25 patients underwent a 4-step evaluation process consisting of: (1) bilateral phrenic nerve conduction study; (2) median, peroneal, and tibial motor conduction studies; (3) measurement of forced vital capacity (FVC) and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP); and (4) pulmonary-focused history and physical. Phrenic nerve motor latency was abnormally prolonged in 22 of the 23 (96%) subjects when a response was obtained. All had slowed velocity or absent peripheral motor conduction responses. Vital capacity was abnormally reduced in 6 of the 25 (24%) subjects. Eight (32%) had an abnormally reduced MIP, while 19 (76%) had an abnormally reduced MEP. Only 2 (8%) subjects had clinical evidence of pulmonary dysfunction. None of the dependent variables (FVC, MIP, MEP, peripheral nerve conduction, or clinical examination) correlated with phrenic nerve latencies. Although phrenic nerve latencies are markedly prolonged in HMSN I, these values are not useful in predicting respiratory dysfunction.
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PMID:Evaluation of phrenic nerve and pulmonary function in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type I. 156 14

Post-polio patients sometimes complain about the occurrence of breathing difficulties decades after the polio infection. We have examined 40 post-polio patients who have had respiratory or non-respiratory poliomyelitis for at least 30 years in an attempt to elucidate whether hypoventilation is common and to what extent certain symptoms and simple lung function tests are related to hypoventilation or incipient hypoventilation. We measured arterial blood gases, vital capacity (VC), maximal expiratory and inspiratory pressures (MEP, MIP) and CO2 rebreathing response. Symptoms were assessed by a yes/no questionnaire. Six patients required respiratory assistance at the onset of the disease. At present, two require nocturnal assisted ventilation. Two patients showed manifest hypoventilation; one of which required night-time ventilator, whereas the other patient had not required ventilatory assistance even at the onset of the disease. Significant correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between arterial carbon dioxide tension (a-PCO2) and VC, MEP and ventilation increase during CO2 rebreathing. A significantly higher a-PCO2 was found among those who required respiratory assistance at the onset of the disease, who admitted headache and who felt the cough ineffective. Low VC and low ventilatory increase during CO2 rebreathing and the presence of headache explained 45% of the variation in a-PCO2 in a multiple regression analysis. We conclude that manifest hypoventilation is rare in this unselected material of post-polio patients and that a vital capacity below 45-50% of predicted normal and the presence of frequent headaches indicate an increased risk to develop hypoventilation.
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PMID:Post-polio lung function. 160 61

A subjective sense of enhanced ease of breathing has been described after instruction in the Alexander technique of proprioceptive musculoskeletal education (awareness and voluntary inhibition of personal habitual patterns of rigid musculoskeletal constriction). We investigated the effects of AT instruction on respiratory function in healthy adult volunteers (group 1, ten subjects), who received 20 private AT lessons at weekly intervals. Spirometric tests, including maximum static mouth pressures, were assessed before and after each course of lessons. Healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, height, and weight (group 2, ten subjects), without instruction, were tested over a similar interval. Group 1 showed significant increases in PEF (9 percent, p less than .05), MVV (6 percent, p less than .05), MIP (12 percent, p less than .02), and MEP (9 percent, p less than .005) (paired Student's t testing). Group 2 showed no significant changes. Possible mechanisms for the changes in group 1 include increased length and decreased resting tension of muscles of the torso, which in turn may increase their strength, increase thoracic compliance, and/or enhance coordination. We conclude that AT musculoskeletal education may enhance respiratory muscular function in normal adult subjects.
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PMID:Enhanced respiratory muscular function in normal adults after lessons in proprioceptive musculoskeletal education without exercises. 164 38

Mouth pressure measured during maximal inspiratory or expiratory efforts depends on the force exerted by ventilatory muscles. Normal values and anthropometric factors accounting for maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP) are not fully agreed upon to date. We measured MIP and MEP in 253 normal subjects (135 females and 118 males, age 15-59 years) using a digital transducer (163 Sibelmed). All subjects had normal forced vital capacity (FVC) and one second forced expiratory volume (FEV1). Sex, age, height and weight were recorded for all subjects and were entered as independent variables in computation of linear multiple regressions with MEP or MIP the dependent variables. MEP and MIP were greater in males than in females (p less than 0.01) with MIP lower than MEP in both sexes (p less than 0.01). In both males and females, FVC and FEV1 depend on age and height (p less than 0.01). In the entire group, we found a correlation of MIP in females and MEP in males with age (p less than 0.01) and of both MIP and MEP in females with weight (p less than 0.01). However, in subjects aged 20-59 years, there was no significant dependence of MIP and MEP on age, and when the weight of subjects was normal (n = 170), MIP and MEP were independent of weight. We conclude that in adults aged 20-59 years and with normal weight, maximal ventilatory pressures depend solely on sex. In this subgroup mean (+/- SD) values of MEP and MIP were 111 +/- 25 cmH2O and 79 +/- 19 cmH2O respectively in females and 192 +/- 42 cmH2O and 117 +/- 25 cmH2O in males.
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PMID:[Maximal ventilatory pressure through the mouth in adults: normal values and explanatory variables]. 192 72

The maximum static inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) were measured in 15 normal male subjects (average age, 27.14 years) in standing and sitting position. The MIP was determined at RV and FRC and MEP was determined at TLC and FRC. No significant differences were found for these parameters between the two postures. Our study proves that the posture adopted by the subject when these two maneuvers are performed does not influence the results obtained.
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PMID:Postural variation of the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures in normal subjects. 229 56

Loss of sleep causes deterioration of pulmonary function and ventilatory responsiveness in normal humans and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To evaluate the effects of variations in sleep quality on breathing, we studied 48 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 70 years). Electroencephalographically derived indices of sleep quality were correlated with spirometric performance, MIP, MEP, and waking SaO2. We found significant correlations between several indices of sleep quality and the spirometric measurements in the group as a whole, and striking correlations between sleep quality and PFTs in those with sleep efficiency less than or equal to 70 percent. We conclude that sleep disturbance may be related to poor performance on PFTs. These results suggest that spirometry should be performed on well-rested patients. The results also point to sleep quality as a potentially important variable in the management of patients with pulmonary disease.
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PMID:Sleep quality and pulmonary function in the healthy elderly. 290 57

We studied the reproducibility of tests of RM performance in normal elderly subjects and compared their performance with that of patients with COPD. The RM strength was measured as MIP and MEP. The RM endurance was measured using a two-minute incremental threshold loading test. The max load, the average Ppk as %MIP at max load and the Pmean at max load were taken as measures of respiratory muscle endurance. The MIP, but not MEP, was less in COPD patients than in normal subjects (p less than 0.05). There was a small increase in between visits, in MIP in the normal subjects. All measures of RM endurance were much lower in the COPD group than in the normal elderly (p less than 0.05). We conclude that (1) RM strength and endurance are reproducible in normal elderly subjects and patients with COPD, (2) that COPD subjects have decreased RM strength and endurance compared with normal elderly subjects, and (3) that in COPD subjects RM endurance is compromised more than RM strength.
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PMID:Respiratory muscle performance in normal elderly subjects and patients with COPD. 290 60

The reduced respiratory muscle strength and increased work of breathing in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may predispose these patients to the development of respiratory muscle fatigue and consequent respiratory failure. To test the hypothesis that these patients may be experiencing chronic respiratory muscle fatigue, we studied the effects of resting the respiratory muscles in a group of patients with severe COPD. Fifteen stable patients with severe COPD were randomized into study and control groups. In 8 study group patients (Group B), breathing was assisted with a negative pressure ventilator 3 to 6 h daily for 3 consecutive days. The remaining 7 patients served as controls (Group A) and did not receive any intervention. Baseline lung function was evaluated by spirometry and arterial blood gas determinations. Respiratory muscle strength and endurance were evaluated by maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) and the maximal duration that isocapnic hyperventilation equal to 50 and 70% of the 12-s maximal voluntary ventilation could be sustained (DSV). Baseline DSV was determined as the best effort of several practice trials. All measurements were repeated on the final day of assisted ventilation approximately 2 to 3 h after its discontinuation. After assisted ventilation, the DSV at 50 and 70% of the maximal voluntary ventilation improved significantly (p less than 0.05). Maximal inspiratory pressure and MEP increased to 114% (p less than 0.05) and 112% (p = 0.05) of baseline values, respectively. Mean arterial PCO2 in the hypercapnic subgroup of Group B patients decreased from 60 mm Hg before to 52 mm Hg after assisted ventilation (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effects of intermittent negative pressure ventilation on respiratory muscle function in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 310 44

We measured maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP, respectively) in 23 male patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), 16 to 35 yr of age (22.1 +/- 3.7), and in a control group of 33 male volunteers, 17 to 39 yr of age (22.5 +/- 6.8), to evaluate the effects of chronic hyperinflation and malnutrition on MIP and MEP in the patients with CF. Routine pulmonary function tests and skeletal muscle indexes, such as the force generated by the adductor pollicis muscle with supramaximal ulnar nerve stimulation at a frequency of 10 Hz as percentage of force at 100 Hz (F10/100) and midarm muscle circumference as a percentage of predicted (MAMC), were also measured in the patients with CF. Severe hyperinflation in this study was defined as a ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity above 50% and malnutrition as a ratio of actual weight to the ideal weight for the patient's age and height of 90% or less. The severely hyperinflated subgroup of patients with CF had significantly reduced MIP values in comparison with those in the other patients with CF. The malnourished subgroup, which was also severely hyperinflated, differed from the well-nourished one in both skeletal muscle indexes; MAMC was reduced, whereas F10/100 was elevated, and respiratory muscle pressure generation, MIP, and MEP were reduced. We conclude that patients with CF who are malnourished and/or severely hyperinflated have reduced maximal respiratory pressures.
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PMID:Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures are reduced in hyperinflated, malnourished, young adult male patients with cystic fibrosis. 405 13

The measurement of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures at the mouth (MIP and MEP, respectively) provides a noninvasive clinical method for evaluating the strength of respiratory muscles. In an attempt to reconcile the widely divergent normal values reported in the literature for healthy adolescents, we have measured, using simple manometry, MIP and MEP in 112 white subjects, 76 adolescents and 36 healthy adults. For female adolescents the values for MIP and MEP were 76 +/- 25 and 86 +/- 22 cm H2O, respectively, and were significantly less than those for male adolescents (p less than 0.01), whose mean values were 107 +/- 26 and 114 +/- 35 cm H2O, respectively. Mean values for adolescents were comparable to values measured in adult control subjects, and for both adolescents and adults, mean values approximated the lower end of the previously reported ranges of normal values in healthy subjects. Thus, MIP and MEP in healthy adolescents are significantly greater in male subjects than female subjects, but are comparable to those of healthy adults of the same sex. Furthermore, these studies suggest that the choice of normal values for MIP and MEP must take into account significant methodologic differences among laboratories.
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PMID:Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures in adolescents. Normal values. 647 96


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