Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.24.59 (MIP)
 4,906 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can participate in cellular signaling and have been shown to modulate activation of the transcriptional regulatory factor NF-kappaB. However, the effects of ROS can differ in various cell populations. To examine the role of superoxide in neutrophil activation, we exposed resting neutrophils and neutrophils stimulated with LPS to paraquat, an agent that specifically increases intracellular superoxide concentrations. Culture of resting neutrophils with paraquat resulted in increased production of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and MIP-2, enhanced degradation of IkappaB-alpha, and increased nuclear accumulation of NF-kappaB. Such effects of paraquat were due to intracellular superoxide (O2-) since they were blocked by the non-specific antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine and the cell permeable superoxide scavenger Tiron, but not by catalase, which facilitates the conversion of H2O2 to H2O and O2. Similar potentiating effects of paraquat were found in LPS-stimulated neutrophils. Exposure of neutrophils to paraquat also enhanced phosphorylation of Ser536 in the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB an event associated with increased transcriptional activity. Examination of kinases critical for LPS-stimulated gene expression showed that addition of paraquat to resting or LPS exposed neutrophils enhanced activation of p38 MAPK, but not that of Akt or ERK1/2. The potentiation of NF-kappaB translocation and proinflammatory cytokine production, but not of Ser536 p65 phosphorylation, by paraquat was dependent on activation of p38 MAPK. These results demonstrate that increased intracellular superoxide concentrations are proinflammatory in neutrophils, acting through a p38 MAPK dependent mechanism that results in enhanced nuclear accumulation of NF-kappaB and increased expression of NF-kappaB dependent proinflammatory cytokines.
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PMID:Participation of superoxide in neutrophil activation and cytokine production. 1691 16

A restricted access media-molecularly imprinted polymer (RAM-MIP) for [2H16]bisphenol A (BPA-d16) was prepared by a multi-step swelling and polymerization method using 4-vinylpyridine as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker, followed by hydrophilic surface modification using glycerol dimethacrylate and glycerol monomethacrylate as hydrophilic monomers. The obtained RAM-MIP showed excellent molecular recognition abilities for BPA and BPA-d6 as well as BPA-d16 used as the template molecule, and good ones for tetrachlorobisphenol A (Cl4-BPA) and tetrabromobisphenol A (Br4-BPA). Next, the RAM-MIP was utilized for selective on-line pretreatment and enrichment of BPA, Cl4-BPA and Br4-BPA in a river water sample, followed by their separation and determination by LC-MS. The calibration graphs of BPA, Cl4-BPA and Br4-BPA, constructed using BPA-d6 as an internal standard, showed good linearity in the range of 12.5-200 pg/mL (r > 0.999) with a 2-mL injection of a river water sample. The inter-day precision data for the assay of BPA, Cl4-BPA and Br4-BPA at 25 pg/mL were 1.08, 3.67 and 1.58%, respectively. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of BPA and its halogenated derivatives in river water.
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PMID:Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and its halogenated derivatives in river water by combination of isotope imprinting and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. 1697 34

Plant aquaporins, belonging to the MIP superfamily, are a series of transmembrane proteins that facilitate water transport through cell membranes. In this study, a cDNA clone encoding the PIP1-like protein was isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cDNA libraries, and designated as GhAQP1 (Fig.1). We also isolated the GhAQP1 gene from cotton genome by PCR. The gene is 2,096 bp in length, including an open reading frame (ORF) and 5'-/3'-untranslated regions (UTR). It contains two introns in its ORF. The first intron is inserted between codons 209 and 210 in the fifth transmembrane helix, and another is located between codons 256 and 257 in the sixth transmembrane helix of GhAQP1, respectively (Figs.2 and 3). Northern blot analysis showed that GhAQP1 gene is expressed specifically in 6-15 DPA ovule, and reaches a peak in 9 DPA ovule (Figs.4 and 5), suggesting that its expression is ovule-specific and developmentally regulated in cotton.
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PMID:[Cloning of GhAQP1 gene and its specific expression during Ovule development in cotton]. 1707 77

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are reported to reduce inflammation and apoptosis in a variety of brain insults. Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), developed as an antiulcer in Japan, has been known to induce HSP70 and to exert cytoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated whether GGA, as a specific HSP inducer, exerts therapeutic effects in experimentally induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH was induced with male Sprague-Dawley rats via the collagenase infusion. GGA (800 mg/kg) was administered via oral tube according to various schedules of treatment. The treatment with GGA, beginning before the induction of ICH and continuing until day 3, showed the reduction of brain water content and the increased level of HSP70 protein, as compared to the treatment with vehicle, although GGA started after the induction of ICH or administered as a single dose before ICH failed to up-regulate HSP70 and to reduce brain edema. The rats treated with GGA exhibited better functional recovery than those treated with vehicle. In the pre- and post- treatment group, inflammatory cells and cell death in the perihematomal regions were found to have been decreased. The treatment of GGA inhibited the mRNA expression of MMP-9, uPA, IL-6 and MIP-1, with concomitant increment of eNOS and phosphorylated STAT3 and Akt after ICH. We demonstrated that GGA induced a reduction in the brain edema along with marked inhibitory effects on inflammation and cell death after ICH.
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PMID:Pharmacological induction of heat shock protein exerts neuroprotective effects in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. 1720 4

The aim of this study is to prepare cholesterol-imprinted polymeric particles. N-Methacryloyl-(L)-tyrosinemethylester (MAT) was chosen as the complexing monomer. In the first step, functional monomer MAT was synthesized by the reaction of L-tyrosine methylester and methacryloyl chloride and characterized by FTIR and NMR. Then, cholesterol was complexed with MAT in different mol ratios and the cholesterol-imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-tyrosine methylester) [MIP] particles were synthesized by bulk polymerization. After that, the template molecules (i.e., cholesterol) were removed using chloroform. MIP particles were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, swelling tests and surface area measurements. Cholesterol adsorption experiments were performed in a batch experimental set-up. Adsorption medium was methanol or intestinal mimicking solution. Stigmasterol and estradiol were used as competing molecules in selectivity tests. Obtained results were as follows: swelling ratio of MIP and non-imprinted (NIP) particles were 60.8% and 44.1% in water. With the increase in the amount of MAT in the polymerization medium, incorporation of MAT was increased (16.6-78.0 micromol/g). SEM photographs showed the surface roughness and porosity. Specific surface area of NIP and MIP particles were found as 19.2 and 31.5 m(2)/g, respectively. Template molecules (i.e., cholesterol) were removed from the polymer structure in the ratio of 76-84% of the initial concentration. Cholesterol adsorption increased with the increase in cholesterol concentration up to 1.5 mg/mL. MIP particles prepared using higher amounts of cholesterol exhibit significantly higher capacity to the NIP particles (i.e., control polymer). MIP particles were 3.09 and 3.60 times selective with respect to the stigmasterol and estradiol, respectively. Reusability of MIP particles was also investigated. MIP particles showed negligible loss in the cholesterol adsorption capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles with the same adsorbent.
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PMID:Synthesis of cholesterol imprinted polymeric particles. 1722 2

Porous free-standing molecularly imprinted polymer membranes were synthesised by the method of in situ polymerisation using the principle of synthesis of interpenetrating polymer networks and tested in solid-phase extraction of triazine herbicides from aqueous solutions. Atrazine-specific MIP membranes were obtained by the UV-initiated co-polymerisation of methacrylic acid, tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, and oligourethane acrylate in the presence of a template (atrazine). Addition of oligourethane acrylate provided formation of the highly cross-linked MIP in a form of a free-standing 60 microm thick flexible membrane. High water fluxes through the MIP membranes were achieved due to addition of linear polymers (polyethylene glycol M(w) 20,000 and polyurethane M(w) 40,000) to the initial mixture of monomers before the polymerization. As a result, typical semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) have been formed, where the cross-linked polymer was represented by the atrazine-specific molecularly imprinted polymer, while the linear one was represented by polyethylene glycol/polyurethane. Extraction of the linear polymers from the fully formed semi-IPNs resulted in formation of large pores in the membrane structure. At the same time, extraction of the template molecules lead to formation of the sites in the polymeric network, which in shape and arrangement of functional groups are complementary to atrazine. Reference polymeric membranes were prepared from the same mixture of monomers but in the absence of the template. Recognition properties of the MIP membranes were estimated in solid-phase extraction by their ability to selective re-adsorbtion of atrazine from 10(-8) to 10(-4) M aqueous solutions. The imprinting effect was demonstrated for both types of the MIP membranes and the influence of the type of the linear compound on their recognition properties was estimated. The recognition properties of the MIP membranes were compared to those of the MIP particles of the same composition. Morphology of the MIP membranes was investigated using the SEM microscopy. High fluxes of the developed membranes together with high affinity and adsorption capability make them an attractive alternative to MIP particles in separation processes.
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PMID:Porous molecularly imprinted polymer membranes and polymeric particles. 1738 8

This preliminary study compares the benzodiazepine results for 10 post-mortem scalp hair samples using a classical solid-phase extraction (SPE) and a molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) system. The hair samples selected for testing were from drug-related deaths where a positive benzodiazepine blood result was obtained. Samples were decontaminated with 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, distilled water and dichloromethane, incubated overnight in methanol/25% aqueous ammonium hydroxide (20:1), extracted by SPE or MISPE and subsequently analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Both extraction methods detected diazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam and nitrazepam in the samples. Diazepam was detected in a greater number of samples using MISPE due to both its lower limit of detection (LOD) and higher extraction recovery as a result of excellent molecular recognition of the template (diazepam) imparted by the imprinting process. The selective recognition of two diazepam analogues, nordiazepam and oxazepam, was demonstrated using MISPE since they were also detected in a greater number of samples. In contrast, another diazepam analogue, temazepam, was detected in a greater number of samples using SPE since the LOD using this extraction was lower than with MISPE. Nitrazepam was detected in one sample using both extraction methods. Overall the MISPE and SPE hair results were in good qualitative agreement. For the samples, where both extraction methods detected nordiazepam, temazepam and oxazepam, the concentrations were always higher for SPE. This is probably due to the MIP procedure producing extracts with fewer matrix interferences than the extracts produced using the classical SPE method. MISPE could be used as a complementary method to classical SPE for the analysis of benzodiazepine positive hair samples collected from chronic users.
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PMID:Comparison of molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) with classical solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the detection of benzodiazepines in post-mortem hair samples. 1746 13

The effects of dietary taurine on the experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice were evaluated. C57BL/6 female mice were given 3% DSS in drinking water for 5 d to induce acute colitis. Taurine at 2% was added to the drinking water 5 d before and during the DSS-treatment to investigate its preventive effect. Taurine supplementation significantly attenuated the weight decrease, diarrhea severity, colon shortening, and the increase in the colonic tissue myeloperoxidase activity induced by DSS. Taurine also significantly inhibited the increase in the expression of a pro-inflammatory chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), but not of interleukin (IL)-1beta or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA. Furthermore, taurine significantly protected the intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers from the damage by macrophage-like THP-1 cells in an in vitro coculture system. These results suggest that taurine prevented DSS-induced colitis partly in association with (1) its inhibitory effects on the secretion of MIP-2 from the intestinal epithelial cells and on the infiltration of such inflammatory cells as neutrophils and (2) its cytoprotective functions on the epithelial barrier from the direct toxicity of DSS and from the inflammatory cell-induced injury.
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PMID:Attenuation by dietary taurine of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice and of THP-1-induced damage to intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. 1761 20

Recent in vivo and in vitro work suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we tested the effect of administering MSC directly into the airspaces of the lung 4 h after the intrapulmonary administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin (5 mg/kg). MSC increased survival compared with PBS-treated control mice at 48 h (80 vs 42%; p < 0.01). There was also a significant decrease in excess lung water, a measure of pulmonary edema (145 +/- 50 vs 87 +/- 20 microl; p < 0.01), and bronchoalveolar lavage protein, a measure of endothelial and alveolar epithelial permeability (3.1 +/- 0.4 vs 2.2 +/- 0.8 mg/ml; p < 0.01), in the MSC-treated mice. These protective effects were not replicated by the use of further controls including fibroblasts and apoptotic MSC. The beneficial effect of MSC was independent of the ability of the cells to engraft in the lung and was not related to clearance of the endotoxin by the MSC. MSC administration mediated a down-regulation of proinflammatory responses to endotoxin (reducing TNF-alpha and MIP-2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage and plasma) while increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In vitro coculture studies of MSC with alveolar macrophages provided evidence that the anti-inflammatory effect was paracrine and was not cell contact dependent. In conclusion, treatment with intrapulmonary MSC markedly decreases the severity of endotoxin-induced acute lung injury and improves survival in mice.
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PMID:Intrapulmonary delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells improves survival and attenuates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice. 1764 Oct 52

A monolithic molecularly imprinted polymer (monolithic MIP) for sulfamethoxazole (SMO) was prepared by in situ polymerization method as the HPLC stationary phase. By optimizing the polymerization conditions, the monolithic MIP showed highly specific recognition for the template SMO over its three structurally related analogs. As shown by SEM and the pore size distribution profile, the resultant MIP monolith showed a main pore diameter of 594 nm and a large specific surface area of 124 m2 g(-1), this allowed the mobile phase to flow through the column with low backpressure. Furthermore, the recognition abilities of the monolithic MIP in aqueous and organic media were studied. The results exhibited that the monolithic MIP possessed excellent recognition ability in aqueous media. Hydrophobic interactions, in addition to shape recognition, were the dominant effect for recognition in the mobile phase with high water content. Moreover, the binding sites and the dissociation constant were also determined by frontal chromatography as 122 micromol g(-1) and 1.88 x 10(-5)mol L(-1), respectively, which demonstrated that the obtained SMO-MIP monolith had a high binding capacity and strong affinity ability to the template molecule. Furthermore, the resultant SMO-MIP monolith was used as HPLC column directly to determine the SMO contents in three kinds of pharmaceutical tablets with the optimized aqueous mobile phase.
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PMID:Monolithic molecularly imprinted polymer for sulfamethoxazole and molecular recognition properties in aqueous mobile phase. 1772 44


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