Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.59 (MIP)
 4,906 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-polio patients sometimes complain about the occurrence of breathing difficulties decades after the polio infection. We have examined 40 post-polio patients who have had respiratory or non-respiratory poliomyelitis for at least 30 years in an attempt to elucidate whether hypoventilation is common and to what extent certain symptoms and simple lung function tests are related to hypoventilation or incipient hypoventilation. We measured arterial blood gases, vital capacity (VC), maximal expiratory and inspiratory pressures (MEP, MIP) and CO2 rebreathing response. Symptoms were assessed by a yes/no questionnaire. Six patients required respiratory assistance at the onset of the disease. At present, two require nocturnal assisted ventilation. Two patients showed manifest hypoventilation; one of which required night-time ventilator, whereas the other patient had not required ventilatory assistance even at the onset of the disease. Significant correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between arterial carbon dioxide tension (a-PCO2) and VC, MEP and ventilation increase during CO2 rebreathing. A significantly higher a-PCO2 was found among those who required respiratory assistance at the onset of the disease, who admitted headache and who felt the cough ineffective. Low VC and low ventilatory increase during CO2 rebreathing and the presence of headache explained 45% of the variation in a-PCO2 in a multiple regression analysis. We conclude that manifest hypoventilation is rare in this unselected material of post-polio patients and that a vital capacity below 45-50% of predicted normal and the presence of frequent headaches indicate an increased risk to develop hypoventilation.
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PMID:Post-polio lung function. 160 61

The murine macrophage inflammatory proteins-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and MIP-1 beta are distinct but closely related cytokines. Partially purified mixtures of the two proteins affect neutrophil function and cause local inflammation and fever. The particular properties of MIP-1 alpha have not been well studied, although it has been identified as being identical to an inhibitor of haemopoietic stem cell growth. We have expressed MIP-1 alpha in yeast cells and purified it to sequence homogeneity. Structural analysis of this biologically active material by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy confirms that MIP-1 alpha has a very similar secondary and tertiary structure to platelet factor 4 and interleukin 8 with which it shares limited sequence homology. The in-vitro stem cell inhibitory properties have been confirmed using a range of murine progenitor cells including purified bone marrow progenitor cells (FACS-1), the FDCP-mix A4 cell line, and spleen colony forming unit (CFU-S) populations. Plateau levels of inhibition of stem cell growth were achieved using concentrations of 0.15 micrograms/ml MIP-1 alpha. We have also demonstrated that MIP-1 alpha is active in vivo: 5 micrograms of MIP-1 alpha per mouse given as a bolus injection, protects stem cells from subsequent in-vitro killing by tritiated thymidine. MIP-1 alpha was also shown to enhance the proliferation of more committed progenitor granulocyte macrophage-colony forming cells (GM-CFC) in response to granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).
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PMID:Biological and structural properties of MIP-1 alpha expressed in yeast. 161 59

A total of 22 MR venograms were performed in 7 volunteers and 15 patients suspected of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb and pelvis. MR findings were compared to conventional venography in all patients. MR venography is a reliable method for the exclusion of thrombosis proximal to the popliteal vein. In the calf veins, diagnosis of thrombosis is not yet reliable. For MR venography 2D-time-of-flight-inflow-technique and secondary 3D-MIP reconstructions were used and compared to each other. With both methods there were no false negative results in comparison to conventional venography. 2D single slice MR venography showed two false positive results in iliac and one in popliteal vein. MIP 3D reconstructions led to seven false positive results (three iliac, two femoral, two popliteal). The exclusive interpretation of MIP-3D reconstruction is not reliable for decision-making in deep venous thrombosis.
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PMID:[MR venography in deep venous thromboses of the leg and pelvis. A comparison of 2D single layer images and 3D MIP reconstructions with phlebography]. 161 74

Soybean nodulin-26, a homologue of bovine eye lens major intrinsic protein (MIP-26), is an integral protein of the peribacteroid membrane in symbiotic root nodules. It comprises 271 amino acids with six potential transmembrane domains and lacks an amino-terminal signal sequence. A full-length nodulin-26 cDNA and its various deletion derivatives were transcribed in vitro after linking them to bacteriophage T3 promoter. In vitro translation of these transcripts in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, in the presence or absence of canine pancreatic microsomal membranes, suggested that nodulin-26 is cotranslationally inserted into the microsomes without a cleavable signal peptide. The first two transmembrane domains (103 amino acids) of the protein are sufficient for microsomal membrane insertion. Membrane-translocated nodulin-26 binds to Con-A and is sensitive to endoglycosidase-H treatment, suggesting that it is glycosylated. Native nodulin-26 from root nodules retains its sugar moiety as it, too, binds to Con-A. Chemical cleavage mapping at cysteine residues, a trypsin protection assay, and the Con-A binding affinity of nodulin-26 suggested that both the NH2 and COOH termini of this protein are on the cytoplasmic surface of the peribacteroid membrane, while the glycosidic residue is on the surface of the membrane facing the bacteroids. In vitro phosphorylation experiments showed that nodulin-26 is a major phosphorylated protein in the peribacteroid membrane. This phosphorylation is mediated by a Ca(2+)-dependent, calmodulin-independent protein kinase located in the peribacteriod membrane. Externally supplied acid phosphatase dephosphorylates this protein, but alkaline phosphatase does not. Based on its homology with several eukaryotic and prokaryotic channel-type membrane proteins, nodulin-26 may form a channel translocating specific molecules to the bacteroids during endosymbiosis in legume plants.
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PMID:Topology and phosphorylation of soybean nodulin-26, an intrinsic protein of the peribacteroid membrane. 162 42

MR angiography (MRA) proved to be promising combined to MR imaging (MRI) in the assessment of intrathoracic masses. Sequential FLASH 2D angiograms were acquired in breath-hold technique using the following parameters: TR = 30 ms, TE = 10 ms, FA = 30 degrees. Section thickness was 5 mm with 1 mm overlap between sequential sections. Individual conditions of the examination were achieved by an automatized control procedure. Targeted MIP postprocessing resulted in 3D reconstructions illustrating vascular anatomy and avoiding superimposition. Presentation should be done by cine-mode for better spatial impression. This method was evaluated in a prospective study of 21 patients with malignant pulmonary and mediastinal masses in addition to spin-echo imaging. The diagnostic contribution concerning the relationship between the mass and the vasculature like displacement, stenosis, and poststenotic perfusion defect were assessed.
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PMID:[MR angiography. Its use in pulmonary and mediastinal space-occupying lesions]. 163 98

This study was carried out to evaluate time-of-flight RA in renal artery stenosis (RAS) in selected hypertensive patients (n = 41). In i.a. DSA studies, 10 unilateral, 8 bilateral RAS, and 4 unilateral RA occlusions were proven. MRA was done in coronal and axial 2D technique (FLASH), and in 3D technique (FISP) using GE-pulse sequences. DSA results were correlated with both 2D-individual slices, 2D- and 3D-MIP angiograms. Highest sensitivity and specificity was found for the axial 2D individual slice analysis (88%, 85% resp.), followed by the 3D-MIP MRA (78%, 80% resp.), and axial 2D-MIP MRA (73%, 79% resp.). MRA of renal arteries used in this study shows to be not adequate to DSA results due to many drawbacks. All MRA techniques, in particular the 3D-technique, tend to overestimate RAS occasionally pretending occlusions.
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PMID:[The evaluation of 2D- and 3D-"time of flight" magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in the diagnosis of renal artery stenoses]. 163 7

In mycobacterial infections of mice there is a chronic, immune-mediated mobilization of neutrophils to the infectious site. In this study we evaluated the role played by cytokines in the chronic peritoneal neutrophilia which occurs in mice intraperitoneally infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG or M. avium. Antibodies to IFN-gamma and to MIP-1 and -2 were effective in reducing peritoneal neutrophilia when given during the infection. Whereas the former antibody was only effective when given early, the latter two were effective when administered late in infection, suggesting the MIPs were direct mediators of neutrophil recruitment. Recombinant IFN-gamma given intraperitoneally induced the accumulation of neutrophils and primed the peritoneal cells for an enhanced recruitment of neutrophils. Our data show that chronic neutrophilia during mycobacterial infection is regulated by different cytokines acting at different stages and levels of neutrophil recruitment.
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PMID:Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and macrophage inflammatory proteins (MIP)-1 and -2 are involved in the regulation of the T cell-dependent chronic peritoneal neutrophilia of mice infected with mycobacteria. 163 71

A subjective sense of enhanced ease of breathing has been described after instruction in the Alexander technique of proprioceptive musculoskeletal education (awareness and voluntary inhibition of personal habitual patterns of rigid musculoskeletal constriction). We investigated the effects of AT instruction on respiratory function in healthy adult volunteers (group 1, ten subjects), who received 20 private AT lessons at weekly intervals. Spirometric tests, including maximum static mouth pressures, were assessed before and after each course of lessons. Healthy control subjects, matched for age, gender, height, and weight (group 2, ten subjects), without instruction, were tested over a similar interval. Group 1 showed significant increases in PEF (9 percent, p less than .05), MVV (6 percent, p less than .05), MIP (12 percent, p less than .02), and MEP (9 percent, p less than .005) (paired Student's t testing). Group 2 showed no significant changes. Possible mechanisms for the changes in group 1 include increased length and decreased resting tension of muscles of the torso, which in turn may increase their strength, increase thoracic compliance, and/or enhance coordination. We conclude that AT musculoskeletal education may enhance respiratory muscular function in normal adult subjects.
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PMID:Enhanced respiratory muscular function in normal adults after lessons in proprioceptive musculoskeletal education without exercises. 164 38

We have produced recombinant proteins for a cytokine, L2G25BP (macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha) (MIP-1 alpha). By using the recombinant protein (rMIP-1 alpha), receptors for MIP-1 alpha were identified on Con A-stimulated and unstimulated CTLL-R8, a T cell line, and LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7, a macrophage cell line. The 125I-rMIP-1 alpha binds to the receptor in a specific and saturable manner. Scatchard analysis indicated a single class of high affinity receptor, with a Kd of approximately 1.5 x 10(-9) M and approximately 1200 binding sites/Con A-stimulated CTLL-R8 cell and a Kd of 0.9 x 10(-9) M and approximately 380 binding sites/RAW 264.7 cell. 125I-rMIP-1 alpha binding was inhibited by unlabeled rMIP-1 alpha in a dose-dependent manner, but not by IL-1 alpha or IL-2. rMIP-1 alpha inhibited the proliferation of unstimulated CTLL-R8 cells. Rabbit anti-rMIP-1 alpha antibodies blocked the growth-inhibitory effect of the rMIP-1 alpha on CTLL-R8 cells.
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PMID:Identification of cell surface receptors for murine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha. 165 2

Many precursors of mitochondrial proteins are processed in two successive steps by independent matrix peptidases (MPP and MIP), whereas others are cleaved in a single step by MPP alone. To explain this dichotomy, we have constructed deletions of all or part of the octapeptide characteristic of a twice cleaved precursor (human ornithine transcarbamylase [pOTC]), have exchanged leader peptide sequences between once-cleaved (human methylmalonyl-CoA mutase [pMUT]; yeast F1ATPase beta-subunit [pF1 beta]) and twice-cleaved (pOTC; rat malate dehydrogenase (pMDH); Neurospora ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur subunit [pFe/S]) precursors, and have incubated these proteins with purified MPP and MIP. When the octapeptide of pOTC was deleted, or when the entire leader peptide of a once-cleaved precursor (pMUT or pF1 beta) was joined to the mature amino terminus of a twice-cleaved precursor (pOTC or pFe/S), no cleavage was produced by either protease. Cleavage of these constructs by MPP was restored by re-inserting as few as two amino-terminal residues of the octapeptide or of the mature amino terminus of a once-cleaved precursor. We conclude that the mature amino terminus of a twice-cleaved precursor is structurally incompatible with cleavage by MPP; such proteins have evolved octapeptides cleaved by MIP to overcome this incompatibility.
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PMID:Cleavage of precursors by the mitochondrial processing peptidase requires a compatible mature protein or an intermediate octapeptide. 167 32


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