Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.24.55 (PTR)
 433 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of pilocarpine and substance P on the amplitudes of the postganglionic compound action potentials (unconditioned response, UR and post-train conditioned response, PTR) were studied in the isolated rabbit superior cervical ganglion (SCG). Pilocarpine (50 microM) and substance P (1 microM) produced an increase in the amplitudes of both UR & PTR responses in the rabbit SCG. Facilitation and subliminal fringe values decreased. It was concluded that both pilocarpine and substance P increase the amplitudes of the transmitted postganglionic compound action potentials and they may facilitate ganglionic transmission in the rabbit SCG.
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PMID:Effect of pilocarpine and substance P on ganglionic transmission. 619 38

There exist in the Xenopus laevis genome clusters of tandemly repeated DNA sequences, consisting of two types of 393-base-pair repeating unit. Each such cluster contains several units of one of these paired tandem repeats (PTR-1), followed by several units of the other repeat (PTR-2). The number of repeats of each type is variable from cluster to cluster and averages about seven of each type per cluster. Every cluster has ca. 1,000 base pairs of common left flanking sequence (adjacent to the PTR-1 repeats) and 1,000 base pairs of common right flanking sequence (adjacent to the PTR-2 repeats). Beyond these common flanks, the DNA sequences are different in the eight cloned genomic fragments we have studied. Thus, the hundreds of PTR clusters in the genome are dispersed at apparently unrelated sites. Nucleotide sequences of representative PTR-1 and PTR-2 repeats are 64% homologous. These sequences do not reveal an obvious function. However, the related species X. mulleri and X. borealis have sequences homologous to PTR-1 and PTR-2, which show the same repeat lengths and genomic organization. This evolutionary conservation suggests positive selection for the clusters. Maintenance of these sequences at dispersed sites imposes constraints on possible mechanisms of concerted evolution.
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PMID:Isolated clusters of paired tandemly repeated sequences in the Xenopus laevis genome. 670 May 90

A 42-year-old male was admitted with a one year and two months history of hypesthesia below the epigastric region and gait disturbance. On examination, increased ATR and PTR were bilaterally noticed with sensory disturbance below about Th.5 dermatome level. No cutaneous manifestations were detected on his back. Plain x-ray films showed no spina bifida. Metrizamide myelography showed a space-occupying mass at the Th.5 level. At operation, an extradural tumor, severely adhesived to the dura matter, was totally removed. Histologically, the tumor was composed of fatty tissues, thin-walled vessel spaces and small vessels, diagnosed as spinal hemangiolipoma. Seventeen reported cases of spinal epidural hemangiolipoma were reviewed. Spinal epidural hemangiolipomas occur in the middle aged patients with high incidence and at the mid-thoracic level. There are two types of hemangiolipoma, namely non-infiltrating and infiltrating. In the latter case, a wide excision should be performed to include normal surrounding tissue. In women's cases, particularly during the pregnancy, the fluctuation of the symptoms occurs. The effectiveness of CT and myelography in diagnosing of spinal lipomas was discussed.
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PMID:[Spinal epidural hemangiolipoma - a case report (author's transl)]. 709 74

In our nuclear medicine laboratory the quality control (QC) of radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been performed along the line of WHO program for standardization and quality control of RIA. The QC procedure was automated using a minicomputer in order to avoid tedious and time-consuming hand processing. The program was written with BASIC language. The counts of radioactivity measured in autowell counters are regarded in PTR, through which the data are read into a minicomputer (Scintipac 200). After informations on the concentrations of standards are registered through keyboard of CRT, the data processing is performed including curve fitting, dose calculation and quality control. As the indicators for QC response error relationship (RER), standard curve, precision profile and QC chart are displayed on CRT. On the basis of rejection criteria using these indicators, bad assays are identified to be omitted from reporting. The subroutine installed in the minicomputer system is used for the storage of data on QC samples in each assay, which are used for construction of QC charts. The use of a minicomputer enables implementation of QC of RIA on routine basis with ease and speed.
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PMID:[Utilization of minicomputer for the quality control of radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. 733 Feb 85

The transport of peptides into cells is a well-documented biological phenomenon which is accomplished by specific, energy-dependent transporters found in a number of organisms as diverse as bacteria and humans. Until recently, the majority of peptide transporters cloned and characterized were found to be proteins of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family. We report the identification of a new family of peptide transporters, which we call the PTR family. This group of proteins, distinct from the ABC-type peptide transporters, was uncovered by sequence analyses of a number of recently discovered peptide transport proteins. Alignment of these proteins demonstrated a high number of identical and similar residues and identified conserved glycosylation and phosphorylation sites, as well as a structural motif unique to this group of proteins. Cluster analysis among the proteins indicated these sequences were indeed related and could be further divided into two subfamilies. A phylogenetic analysis of these new peptide transport sequences, compared to over 50 other peptide and membrane-bound transporters, showed that these proteins comprise a distinct, separate group of proteins.
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PMID:The PTR family: a new group of peptide transporters. 747 81

The prothrombin time is the coagulation time of citrated plasma in the presence of calcium and a tissue extract, thromboplastin, added in excess. The prothrombin time was historically the first method of evaluation and control of oral anticoagulation. Over the years, the different thromboplastins have changed, diversified, so affecting the result of the prothrombin ration established from the prothrombin time and a reference curve. In 1985, the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis requested that all the losts of thromboplastin have their international sensitivity index (ISI) indicated. This allowed uniformity of the results by the introduction of the INR (International Normalized Ratio) calculated by the formula: INR = (PTR)ISI, the PTR or prothrombin time ratio corresponding to the patients' prothrombin time divided by that of reference control plasma. It is, in fact, impossible to interpret the results of a prothrombin ration without knowing their expression in INR. The consequences of the absence of uniformity in the control of anticoagulant therapy are important and serious. The uncertainty concerning the degree of anticoagulation inherent in the use of a single prothrombin ratio may be the source of bleeding or thromboembolic complications. Curiously, the system based on the INR is neither generalised, nearly 10 years after its recommendation, nor adopted by the majority of practitioners. However, the stakes are high because the principal complication of oral anticoagulants remains bleeding, including the dramatic strokes. Moreover, the global mortality due to haemorrhagic complications is about 0.1 to 0.5% for treatments of short duration and much higher in prolonged therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Current biological surveillance of oral anticoagulant treatment]. 764 54

Twenty-seven human alphoid DNA probes have been hybridized in situ to metaphase spreads of the common chimpanzee (PTR), the pigmy chimpanzee (PPA), and the gorilla (GGO) to investigate the evolutionary relationship between the centromeric regions of the great ape chromosomes. The surprising results showed that the vast majority of the probes did not recognize their corresponding homologous chromosomes. Alphoid sequences belonging to the suprachromosomal family 1 (chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 16, and 19) yielded very heterogeneous results: some probes gave intense signals, but always on nonhomologous chromosomes; others did not produce any hybridization signal. Almost all probes belonging to the suprachromosomal family 2 (chromosomes 2, 4, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, and 22) recognized a single chromosome: chromosome 11 (phylogenetic IX) in PTR and PPA and chromosome 19 (phylogenetic V) in GGO. Localization of probes of suprachromosomal family 3 (chromosomes 1, 11, 17, and X) was found to be substantially conserved in PTR and PPA, but not in GGO. Probe pDMX1, specific for the human X chromosome, was the only sequence detecting its corresponding chromosome in all three species. PPA chromosomes I, IIp, IIq, IV, V, VI, and XVIII were never labeled, even under low-stringency hybridization conditions, by the 27 alphoid probes used in this study. These results, with particular reference to differences found in the two related species PTR and PPA, suggest that alphoid centromeric sequences underwent a very rapid evolution.
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PMID:Comparative mapping of human alphoid sequences in great apes using fluorescence in situ hybridization. 778 81

We have isolated and characterized a new alphoid probe, named p190.22. Its chromosomal location was investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Under high stringency conditions p190.22 recognizes specifically the centromere of chromosome 22. A chromosome 22-specific alphoid subset has been previously reported in the literature (p22/1:2.1). The partial sequence and the genomic organization comparison strongly suggests that they recognize distinct subsets both specific for chromosome 22. The comparative mapping of probes p190.22 and p22/1:2.1 on chimpanzee (PTR and PPA) and gorilla (GGO) chromosomes was investigated. The two probes showed different hybridization results. p190.22, in particular, did not show any hybridization signal in these three species, suggesting a recent evolution.
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PMID:Cloning and comparative mapping of recently evolved human chromosome 22-specific alpha satellite DNA. 782 67

The induction of immunoreactive cytochrome P-450 protein and associated catalytic activities in 10-wk-old male and female Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rats) exposed for 2 wk to low dietary levels of Aroclor 1254 (0.33, 1.0, 3.3, 10, and 33 ppm), or the prototype P-450 inducers phenobarbital, DDT, clotrimazole, and beta-naphthoflavone was examined. Ethoxy-(ETR), methoxy- (MTR), pentoxy- (PTR), and benzyloxyresorufin (BZR) O-dealkylation activities were significantly increased at 0.33 ppm Aroclor for males and 1.0 ppm for females, when compared to control levels. O-Dealkylation activities peaked at 3.3 ppm for males and 10 ppm for females. ETR and MTR O-dealkylation activities were increased four- to eightfold while PTR and BZR O-dealkylation activities increased only two- to threefold. Liver/body weight ratios also increased, with the maximum ratios observed at the highest Aroclor dose, and were associated with histopathologic hepatocyte lesions. While increases in liver/body weight ratio, immunoreactive CYP2B protein, and BZR O-dealkylation were detected following phenobarbital treatment, no increase in PTR O-dealkylation activity was observed. These results demonstrate that S. hispidus (both males and females) are extremely sensitive to low dietary levels of Aroclor 1254, responding with increases in liver/body weight ratio, immunoreactive P-450 protein, and O-dealkylation activities. The cotton rat would appear to be a sensitive feral target species for detecting exposure to certain environmental contaminants.
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PMID:Induction of cytochrome P-450 in Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rats) exposed to dietary Aroclor 1254. 812 56

We describe two siblings with distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles, who died suddenly presumably due to fatal arrhythmia. Case 1. A 26-year-old man with a 4 year-history of progressive muscle weakness and wasting was hospitalized in April, 1989. The family history showed that his younger brother had the same disease, but his parents, not consanguineous, and other family members had no neuromuscular diseases. On admission, neurologic examination showed muscle weakness and atrophy in the distal portions of four extremities. No myotonia or fasciculation was present. The deep tendon reflexes were absent except diminished bilateral PTR. Sensation and co-ordination were normal. The creatinine kinase (CK) level was moderately elevated to 691 IU/l, and the aldolase mildly to 6.9 IU/l. Normal laboratory values included serum electrolytes, glucose and thyroid function study. An ischemic forearm exercise test revealed a normal rise in serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations. The glucose response after glucagon was normal in the fasting state. An electrocardiogram and chest film were normal. An electromyogram revealed myopathic changes with mild neuropathic changes, including positive sharp waves and fibrillation potentials at rest. The muscle biopsy specimen from the left anterior tibial muscle showed scattered fibers with rimmed vacuoles and moderate variation in fiber size. Neither fiber necrosis nor inflammatory cellular infiltration was seen. Regenerating fiber was not present. An electron microscopic examination showed numerous lamellar bodies of various size. Nerve biopsy was normal. He was diagnosed as having distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles. Muscle weakness progressed gradually over the next two years, but his general condition was good. He asked to receive the corticosteroid therapy, and rehospitalized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles and sudden death--report of two siblings]. 826 2


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