Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.24.3 (collagenase)
18,340 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using monoclonal antibodies, we have identified a series of tumor-associated antigens selectively expressed on tumor subtypes with distinct clinical behaviours. The mucinous antigen M344 and the gp200 surface antigen 19A211 are preferentially expressed on papillary superficial tumors and carcinoma in situ lesions of the bladder. The combination of these two antigenic markers in immunocytology and flow cytometry studies of exfoliated cells has improved the sensitivity of detection for bladder tumors. Moreover, the detection of M344- and 19A211-positive exfoliated cells from previously treated but currently tumor-free patients appears to be predictive of tumor recurrence on follow-up. These results, as well as results of bladder mapping studies in tumor patients, suggest that these antigenic changes occur in a premalignant stage and may provide tools to monitor the efficacy of chemopreventive measures. Other markers, such as the surface antigen T138 and the soluble molecules autocrine motility factor (AMF) and tumor collagenase stimulating factor (TCSF), are produced by primary or recurrent tumors with a higher metastatic potential. They may be useful in identifying high risk patients for distant failure. The highly restricted antigen 19A211 is also expressed on cervix condylomas and carcinoma. This observation led us to investigate a possible viral etiology of some bladder cancers. Using PCR techniques, we detected the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA sequences in a significant proportion of bladder tumors. HPV positivity was inversely correlated with the presence of p53 mutations in exons 5-9 of the same tumors as measured by PCR-SSCP technique. This combination of markers may provide a basis for chemoprevention strategies targeted to distinct etiological events.
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PMID:Strategies of chemoprevention based on antigenic and molecular markers of early and premalignant lesions of the bladder. 130 95

The distribution of rat bile-canalicular surface antigen (HAM-4 antigen) and cytoskeletal elements (microtubules, actin filaments, and cytokeratin filaments) was examined during the reformation of bile-canalicular structures (BC-structures) in primary cultures of dissociated hepatocytes obtained following collagenase perfusion. HAM-4 antigen, which initially dispersed after cell dissociation, became focused into regions of cell-to-cell contact even before formation of BC-structures. Typical bile-canalicular microvilli also appeared in these regions before the intercellular spaces were completely closed. Finally, after in vitro reformation of BC, HAM-4 antigen was localized specifically at the BC-surface. The process of BC-reformation and the intracellular organization of actin and cytokeratin filaments were not significantly affected by microtubule inhibitors (nocodazole, colcemid, and colchicine). However, the localization of HAM-4 antigen molecules at the surface of BC was disrupted by these inhibitors, suggesting that the distribution of HAM-4 antigen, which represents a marker for the reconstruction of surface polarity, is dependent on microtubule function.
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PMID:Distribution of the surface antigen HAM-4 and cytoskeleton during reformation of bile-canalicular structures in rat primary cultured hepatocytes. 173 61

Thymic rosettes (ROS), structures consisting of thymic lymphoid cells attached to a central stromal cell, were isolated from mouse thymus by collagenase digestion and unit-gravity elutriation. The ROS were then separated into those where the stromal cells were either macrophage-like (M-ROS) or dendritic cell-like (D-ROS), on the basis of the differences in adherence properties or in the level of MAC-1 surface antigen. The ROS were then dissociated and the thymocyte content analyzed by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. M-ROS and D-ROS differed in thymocyte composition, although the major component of both was the CD4+CD8+ cortical thymocyte. D-ROS were enriched in thymocytes expressing high levels of surface T-cell antigen receptor (TcR) and the associated CD3 complex, and these included both CD4+CD8-CD3++ and CD4-CD8+CD3++ mature thymocytes. M-ROS were enriched in CD4-CD8- thymocytes and had a reduced content of thymocytes expressing high TcR-CD3 levels; they nevertheless contained some mature thymocytes, but only of the CD4+CD8-CD3++ category. Several lines of evidence indicated that the mature thymocytes in ROS were cells recently formed in the cortex, and were not from the medullary pool. ROS-associated mature thymocytes expressed lower levels of H-2K than free, mature thymocytes. The CD4+CD8+CD3++ subpopulation, believed to be a developmental intermediate between cortical thymocytes and mature T cells, was present in both ROS populations. Further, late intermediates leading to both mature T-cell categories were evident in D-ROS, but only those leading to CD4+CD8-CD3++ T cells were evident in M-ROS. The results are compatible with a role for ROS in TcR-specificity selection and in the final maturation steps in the thymic cortex.
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PMID:Different subpopulations of developing thymocytes are associated with adherent (macrophage) or nonadherent (dendritic) thymic rosettes. 184 Mar 80

Inflammation plays an important role in homeostasis of the body. We therefore can assume that an inflammatory state occurs during ontogenesis of animals. To address this problem, we examined the ability of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), one of the inflammatory mediators, to be secreted by mouse cells during development. We cultured cells prepared from various parts of fetuses (10-19 days of gestation) and postnatal brains by collagenase digestion and assayed the secreted TNF activity by the L-929 cytotoxicity test. We found TNF activity by fetal cells without any stimulation. The spontaneous secretion of TNF was relatively high at around 13-15 days of gestation. The secretion was enhanced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), showing that fetal cells are in an activated state for TNF secretion. These TNF activities were neutralized completely by rabbit anti-murine TNF antibody. Spontaneous and LPS-enhanced secretion by postnatal brain cells reached a peak around 7 days after birth, and thereafter declined rapidly. This time course was well correlated to the increase in the weight of brain. The producing cells were negative in macrophage marker surface antigen, and heterogeneous in relation to adherence and phagocytic activity, showing that TNF is secreted by various types of cells in the fetal body. These results suggest the presence of an inflammation-like state during ontogenesis. We consider that this "ontogenic inflammation" may be the prototype of inflammation, which can regulate homeostasis of the adult body.
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PMID:Secretion of tumor necrosis factor during fetal and neonatal development of the mouse: ontogenic inflammation. 260 Jun 4

Monolayer cell cultures of primary woodchuck hepatocytes, prepared by perfusing the liver in situ with collagenase type I, yielded hepatocytes with a viability of greater than 90% which could be held in culture for up to 3 months. Cultures of primary woodchuck hepatocytes were infected one day after plating with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) which had been passaged five times in woodchucks and was therefore identified as woodchuck hepatitis delta virus (WHDV). Replication of WHDV was demonstrated by the appearance of genomic WHDV RNA of ca. 1.7 kb beginning 7 days after infection, with an increase of copy numbers up to 2 weeks after inoculation. Synthesis of hepatitis delta virus-associated antigen (HDAg) in hepatocytes was detected by immunofluorescence staining of hepatocytes. Preincubation of the inoculum with rabbit sera containing antibodies against woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (anti-WHs) reduced the infectivity of WHDV to an undetectable level compared with inocula which were treated with anti-WHs negative sera.
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PMID:Propagation of woodchuck hepatitis delta virus in primary woodchuck hepatocytes. 320 48

Lung interstitial macrophages (IMs) are a large, distinctive population of cells with important proliferative capacities. Characterization of their role in health and disease has been hampered by inadequate methods to separate interstitial from residual alveolar macrophages (AMs) in preparations of individual mononuclear cells from lung tissue. In this study, a specific cell-surface antigen (HAM1) present on more than 90% of hamster AMs, but not expressed by hamster IMs, was used to distinguish these populations. After collagenase digestion of lung tissue slices from exhaustively lavaged and perfused hamster lungs, mononuclear phagocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The mean yield of lung digest macrophages (3.9 +/- 1.9 (SD) x 10(6] was comparable to the yield of lavaged AMs (4.2 +/- 1.9 x 10(6]. The proliferative capacity of lavaged AMs, blood monocytes, and lung digest macrophages was compared using a soft-agar colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. Both lung digest macrophages and blood monocytes had significantly more CFUs (68.7 +/- 2.6 and 53.5 +/- 8.4 CFU/10(3) cells [mean +/- SEM], respectively) than did AMs (16.5 +/- 1.7) (p less than 0.01). To further define the composition of the lung digest macrophage population, flow cytometric analysis of fixed cells from six experiments was performed using a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the HAM1 antigen found only on AMs. The lung digest macrophage population consisted of both antigen-negative IMs (78.2% +/- 3.7% [SEM]; n = 6) and antigen-positive, residual AMs (21.8% +/- 3.7%). Morphometric counts confirmed that substantial numbers of AMs are left behind after lavage and contribute to macrophages obtained from lung tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Isolation and antigenic identification of hamster lung interstitial macrophages. 320 67

The DNA fragment coding for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was placed under the control of a human 70 kDa heat-shock protein (hsp70) promotor sequence. This plasmid construct has been used in transfection experiments to establish a stable amnion cell line of human origin (Wish), expressing an HBsAg in a heat-regulated fashion. Post-translational modifications, such as assembly, glycosylation, secretion and production of both major and middle S proteins appear to function normally. In addition, production of HBsAg under various protocols of heat induction is described. After inoculation into nude mice, development of tumours has been observed at the site of injection. Tumour cells, dispersed by means of collagenase or trypsin treatment from excised tumours, and subsequently seeded into Petri dishes, were able to secrete the same quantities of HBsAg after heat induction as were cells of the original cell line.
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PMID:Heat-regulated expression of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen in the human Wish cell line. 366 Sep 44

Surface markers of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro were investigated using monoclonal and heterologous antisera against a range of cell surface antigens, together with rosetting techniques to characterize surface receptors for IgG and C3. WI-38 fibroblasts and human peripheral blood monocytes were used as control cells. Human gingival fibroblasts exhibited complement receptors and beta2-microglobulin, as did WI-38 cells. Ten per cent of the human gingival fibroblasts were positive for HLA-DR antigens and additionally exhibited a granulocyte antigen not apparent on WI-38 cells. Monolayers of the gingival fibroblasts were further exposed for short periods to varying concentrations of enzymes (trypsin, collagenase and neuraminidase), bacterial extracts (lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid) and crude supra- and subgingival plaque sonicates. Surface-marker analysis was then carried out. The most noticeable effects were obtained with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase which enhanced C3 receptor and surface antigen expression, and supragingival plaque sonicate which depressed the expression of HLA-DR and granulocyte antigens while not affecting beta2-microglobulin expression. Trypsin reduced antigen expression to a degree, but its effects were mainly on cell adherence.
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PMID:Surface markers of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Characterization and modulation by enzymes and bacterial products. 633 Mar 32

Three isolates of a previously undescribed Dermatophilus sp. obtained from chelonids (two strains obtained from turtles and one strain obtained from a tortoise) were compared with 30 Dermatophilus congolensis isolates obtained from Australian mammals. The microscopic appearance, the colony morphology, and most biochemical test results for the chelonid isolates were characteristic of the genus Dermatophilus. Our isolates differed from the mammalian D. congolensis isolates in a number of cultural characteristics, including faster growth at 27 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, formation of two hemolysis zones around colonies on blood agar at 37 degrees C in the presence of 10% CO2, poor motility, and production of a distinctive odor. The DNA restriction enzyme digestion and protein electrophoresis patterns of our strains were distinct. The electrophoretic mobilities of 11 enzymes differed from the mobilities observed with D. congolensis strains. A monoclonal antibody to a surface antigen of an ovine isolate did not react with zoospores or filaments of the chelonid isolates. Biochemical differences between our isolates and D. congolensis included the ability of the chelonid isolates to reduce nitrate to nitrate and the fact that the chelonid isolates exhibit collagenase activity in vitro. We propose that the chelonid isolates should be placed in a new species, Dermatophilus chelonae. Strain W16, which was isolated from a nose scab on a snapping turtle, is the type strain; a culture of this strain has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as strain ATCC 51576.
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PMID:Dermatophilus chelonae sp. nov., isolated from chelonids in Australia. 785 7

An antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed that could identify Haemonchus contortus antigens in dilute suspensions of worm homogenates and in faeces from sheep naturally infected with moderate burdens of the parasite. The ELISA is based on a polyclonal (rabbit or sheep) antibody coated solid-phase that captures parasite antigen from a suspension of worms or faeces. The captured antigen is detected by a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb E2) that is reactive with a cuticle surface antigen of H. contortus. Binding of MAb E2 was shown to be specific for H. contortus and the ELISA was able to detect this antigen in faeces of some infected sheep. Characterisation of the antigen reacting with MAb E2 indicates it to be a collagenase and protease resistant surface protein of H. contortus that under reducing conditions in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis exists as polypeptides of molecular weight 122, 56 and 49 kDa.
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PMID:Detection of Haemonchus contortus surface antigen in faeces from infected sheep. 812 91


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