Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.24.3 (collagenase)
18,340 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mouse decidual cell suspensions from day 6 to day 8 of gestation were prepared by enzymatic treatment with collagenase and trypsin and tested for various membrane markers. (a) Besides H-2 antigens, Thy-1 antigens are present on about 50% of the cells; this may reflect the fibroblastic origin of decidual cells or be a marker expressed on some decidual cells possibly under hormonal control. (b) T or B lymphocytes, as defined by four Lyt antigens or surface immunoglobulins, are not present in significant amounts. (c) A substantial number of cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR) is detectable in the decidua, probably closely connected with trophoblast cells; these FcR-bearing cells may act in preventing excessive invasion of uterine tissue by trophoblast or could contribute to the protection of the embryo by interacting with maternal blocking antibodies and trophoblast. No receptors for for complement were detected, even after 16-20 h in culture after trypsin treatment.
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PMID:Immunological studies of mouse decidual cells. I. Membrane markers of decidual cells in the days after implantation. 56 64

Cell surface markers of mouse thymic dendritic cells have been studied by flow cytometry after isolation by collagenase digestion, separation of the low-density cell fraction and differential adherence. The dendritic cell preparation had a purity of greater than 90%, the contaminating population being essentially composed of thymocytes, macrophages constituting less than 1%. Dendritic cells displayed high forward and low-intermediate side angle scatter, and expressed high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II molecules, the heat-stable antigen (HSA), the adhesion molecules Pgp-1 (CD44), LFA-1, ICAM-1 and low levels of Mac-1 and the leukocyte common antigen CD45. Thymic dendritic cells are negative for the stem cell antigen-2 (Sca-2), the B cell-specific form of CD45 (B220), the mouse macrophage markers Fc receptor and F4/80, and the granulocyte marker Gr-1. However, although they do not express the T cell markers Thy-1, CD2, CD3, CD4 and CD5, 20%-30% of dendritic cells are positive for the interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain (CD25), and about 30% express intermediate levels of CD8. These results are discussed with regard to the functional significance of the expression of CD8 by thymic dendritic cells, and the existence of different dendritic cell subpopulations in the murine thymus.
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PMID:Cell surface marker analysis of mouse thymic dendritic cells. 134 47

The possible hemopoietic origin of certain precursors of uterine decidual cells appearing during normal murine pregnancy was investigated in semiallogeneic hemopoietic chimeras with retained or regained fertility. Chimeras were produced by three different methods in two donor-host combinations: F1 [BALB/c female x C3H/HeJ male] cells introduced into the parental strain BALB/c female hosts or F1 [CBA/J female x C57BL/6 male] cells introduced into CBA/J female hosts. Prenatal chimeras (PN) were made by reconstituting mouse fetuses (day 13-17) with 10(6)-10(7) adult bone marrow or fetal liver cells through the yolk sac and they were allowed to be delivered naturally. Neonatal chimeras (NN) were made by injecting 1-2 x 10(7) adult bone marrow cells into the anterior facial vein of neonatal mice (less than 24 hr old). In both cases, experimental animals were raised to maturity. Ovary-transplanted chimeras (OT) were made by injecting 10(7) bone marrow cells into lethally irradiated (9.5 Gy) young adult female mice, followed 6 weeks later with bilateral orthotopic transplants of syngeneic ovary grafts to restore fertility. All female chimeras produced by the three different methods were mated with syngeneic male partners to produce normal pregnancy. The extent of chimerism at the cellular level was determined in all cases by a radioautographic identification of the H-2 phenotype of splenic lymphocytes and decidual cells and macrophages in the collagenase-dispersed decidua at day 11-16 of normal pregnancy, following a sandwich labelling with monospecific anti-H-2 antibodies and 125I-protein A. Morphological discrimination of typical decidual cells from macrophages in the collagenase-dispersed decidua was carried out on the basis of several distinctive markers: presence of surface Dec-1 and Thy-1 and absence of surface F4/80 or latex phagocytosis for decidual cells, in contrast to macrophages which were phagocytic and expressed F4/80 but not Dec-1 or Thy-1. While the degree of hemopoietic chimerism (judged by the incidence of donor-derived lymphocytes in the spleen) varied from animal to animal, in all three groups (PN, NN, and OT) comprising a total of 26 chimeras, the percentage of typical decidual cells expressing donor H-2 phenotype showed an excellent correlation with that for small lymphocytes in the spleen. These results reveal that at least a subpopulation of typical decidual cells of the pregnant uterus has a hemopoietic genealogy. A possible familial relationship of these cells to granulated metrial gland cells remains unclear.
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PMID:Hemopoietic origin of certain decidual cell precursors in murine pregnancy. 278 80

Stromal type decidual cells recovered from the murine decidua by a mild collagenase dispersion procedure contain immunoregulatory cells whose ultimate precursors may originate from the bone marrow. To explore the familial relationship of these cells with other cells of the immune system, a battery of cell surface markers recognized on lymphomyeloid cells were examined and quantitated at the morphological level on typical stromal type decidual cells of the dispersed CBA mouse decidua at 8-14 days of syngeneic pregnancy, using a sensitive radioautographic technique. Cells were either labeled directly by exposure to 125I-labeled monoclonal antibodies against Thy-1, Mac-1, or Lyt antigens or indirectly by a sequential exposure to monoclonal anti-I-Ak (Ia.17) or monospecific anti-I-JK antibodies and 125I-labeled Protein A. Decidual cells were found to be Thy-1+/- (13-73% positive, the incidence rising with advancing gestation in the decidua basalis), Mac-1+/- (present of 6-11% on day 8 and 17-32% on day 12), I-A-, 1-J-, and Lyt-. Macrophages within the decidua were Thy-1-, Lyt-, Mac-1+, and I-A+/- (present on 5-61% of cells, the incidence rising with advancing gestation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Radioautographic analysis of surface markers on decidual cells shared by cells of the lymphomyeloid tissues. 286 7

Antigen-retaining follicular dendritic cells (FDC) have been identified and studied in sections of lymph nodes and spleen, but studies of these cells in culture have been extremely limited. The purpose of this study was to establish techniques to release these fragile cells from mouse lymph nodes in a viable state and to identify these cells routinely in lymph node cell suspensions. FDC were obtained from passively or actively immunized popliteal lymph nodes of mice injected in the footpads with 125I-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Lymph nodes were removed 1 hr after the footpads had been injected with collagenase. After another hour of incubation in vitro with collagenase, protease, and deoxyribonuclease, FDC were released by gentle teasing and enriched by centrifugation on a low density bovine serum albumin (BSA) or Percoll gradient. Most FDC with the associated radiolabel floated at densities greater than 1.06 g/ml on BSA or Percoll gradients. Slides of the FDC-enriched fraction were prepared, using a cytobucket which allowed the cells to be affixed to glass slides by centrifugation in a less disruptive manner than by cytocentrifugation. FDC that were air-dried and fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde had a characteristic pink acidophilic cytoplasm after Wright's staining, and had a faintly basophilic euchromatic nucleus frequently with peripherally-clumped chromatin. In addition, these cells were large and irregularly shaped (up to 60 micron long). Fixation of FDC with 0.6% paraformaldehyde/ 0.9% glutaraldehyde on poly-L-lysine-coated slides resulted in a preservation of FDC which made possible visualization of long dendritic processes by Nomarski optics. Antigen presence on the cell surface was confirmed by autoradiography and, in the case of HRP, was also visualized enzymatically using diaminobenzidine. In contrast to resident peritoneal macrophages or some contaminating lymph node macrophages present on the same slides, FDC did not phagocytize opsonized sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or adhere to plastic surfaces although they did form rosettes with opsonized SRBC. Cell marker studies indicated FDC have a distinctive phenotype. They were positive for Ia, Fc receptor, and leukocyte common antigen, but negative for Thy-1, Ly-1, Ly-2, endogenous Ig, Mac-1, Mac-2, Mac-3, and F4/80, and negative to weakly positive for nonspecific esterase. Cultured FDC remained viable and retained radiolabeled antigen-antibody complexes on their surfaces and were significantly enriched for FDC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Follicular dendritic cells in suspension: identification, enrichment, and initial characterization indicating immune complex trapping and lack of adherence and phagocytic activity. 396 23

Natural killer (NK) and natural cytotoxic (NC) cells can be recovered from the spleens of mice. NK/NC cells are thought to serve as a first line of defense (before the development of immune responses) against tumor and virus infected cells; therefore organs such as the lung that are exposed to the environment may harbor NK/NC cells. Studies reported in this manuscript characterize a population of pulmonary cells (recovered from collagenase-treated lungs) that exhibited cytotoxic activity against 51Cr-labeled tumor targets in vitro. As with the spleen cell populations, the mononuclear cells from the lung lysed the NK-sensitive target YAC-1 as well as the NC-sensitive WEHI 164.1 tumor cells in vitro. By using flow cytometry, it was observed that 15 to 20% of nylon wool-passed (NWP) lung cells and 5 to 15% of NWP spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice could bind antibody for NK cell alloantigens (NK 1.2, defined by (CE X NZB)F1 anti-CBA sera). Treatment of lung and spleen cell populations with complement and antisera to NK 1.2, asialo GM1, and Ly-5 but not Thy-1 antigens significantly decreased lung and splenic NK (YAC-1) activity. Forty-eight hours after infection of mice by intratracheal inoculation of an infectious dose of influenza virus (PR/8/34) NK activity was stimulated in the lung and not the spleen. Therefore although NK cells in the lung and spleen are similar in antigenic phenotype and target preference there appears to be a pulmonary compartment of natural resistance cells the function of which can be modulated locally. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the lung contains a separate compartment for NK/NC cells that may participate in the defense mechanisms of the lung.
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PMID:Natural killer cells in mouse lung: surface phenotype, target preference, and response to local influenza virus infection. 664 21

Highly purified populations of lymphocytes were obtained from the murine intestinal mucosa using EDTA-collagenase isolation procedures in combination with discontinuous density centrifugation. Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were separated from lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) and, within these two populations, fractions enriched or depleted in gut granular lymphocytes (gGL) were obtained. Using these cells in cytotoxic assays, it was shown that both IEL and LPL possess natural killer (NK) activity, and this was associated with gGL. The major effector cells of gut NK activity appeared to be Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1.1-, and Lyt-2.1-. The susceptibility of gut NK cells to anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement (C) was significantly higher than that of splenic NK cells. In contrast, anti-asialo GM1 and anti-NK-1.2 plus C only slightly affected the gut NK activity. Thus, the phenotype of the gut NK cells appears to be different from the splenic one and provides further evidence for NK heterogeneity and establishes the compartmentalization of one NK subpopulation. Beige mice, deficient in splenic NK activity, also had very low gut NK activity. W/Wv mice, which lack mast cell precursors, had normal numbers of gGL and diminished, but still present, gut and splenic NK activity. This deficiency did not segregate with the genes responsible for the basic hemopoietic stem cell defect, and these results argue against a close ontogenetic relationship between IEL, gGL, and intestinal mucosal mast cells. The relevance of these observations to the cell lineage of the effector cell of gut NK activity is discussed.
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PMID:Characteristics of natural killer cells in the murine intestinal epithelium and lamina propria. 707 24

Rat thymic dendritic cells have been isolated by collagenase digestion, separation of the low-density cell fraction by centrifugation on metrizamide, and differential adherence. The resulting dendritic cell preparation had a purity of > 90%, and has been analysed by flow cytometry (FCM) using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Dendritic cells expressed major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and class II molecules, the leucocyte common antigen CD45, the rat leucocyte antigen OX44, the rat macrophage marker ED1, and the adhesion molecules Mac-1, LFA-1 and ICAM-1. They were negative for the T- and B-cell-specific forms of CD45, CD45R and B220, and the B-cell marker OX12. Concerning T-cell marker expression, they were negative for T-cell receptor (TcR) and OX40, but they expressed CD2, CD4 and CD8, and interestingly, 50% of DC were CD5+, 50% expressed the alpha-chain of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), and 80% were positive for the T-cell activation antigen recognized by the mAb OX48. Moreover, 60% of DC expressed high levels of Thy-1, whereas 40% displayed intermediate levels of this T-cell marker.
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PMID:Cell-surface marker analysis of rat thymic dendritic cells. 810 22

Pulmonary fibrosis is a potentially fatal consequence of treatments for malignancy and is an increasing problem in bone marrow transplant patients and in cases of allogenic lung transplant. The fibrotic response is characterized by increases in lung fibroblast number and collagen synthesis. This laboratory previously isolated stable, functionally distinct, murine lung fibroblast subsets (Thy-1+ and Thy-1-) to study the contribution of fibroblast subpopulations in lung fibrosis. The fibroblast fibrotic response may be induced by cytokines secreted by infiltrating cells such as T lymphocytes and mast cells. In the current study two key regulatory cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), were investigated for their effects on the collagen synthesis of murine lung fibroblast subsets. IL-4 and IFN-gamma are putatively characterized as fibrogenic and anti-fibrogenic cytokines, respectively, and are found in repairing lung tissue. Stimulation with recombinant IL-4 induced a100% increase in total collagen production only by Thy-1+ fibroblasts. Types I and III collagen mRNA were increased in the Thy-1+ fibroblasts, unlike the Thy-1- subset. In contrast, IFN-gamma decreased constitutive collagen production by more than 50% in Thy-1+ and Thy-1- fibroblasts. Interestingly, the two subsets utilized their collagen production machinery (collagenase, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) differently to further regulate collagen turnover in response to IL-4 and IFN-gamma. Overall, our data support the hypothesis that IL-4 is fibrogenic and IFN-gamma is anti-fibrogenic. Moreover, selective expansion of IL-4 responsive fibroblasts (e.g., Thy-1+) may be important in the transition from repair to chronic fibrosis. In addition, these data suggest that an inflammatory response dominated by IL-4-producing Th2 lymphocytes and/or mast cells will promote fibrosis development.
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PMID:Interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma discordantly regulate collagen biosynthesis by functionally distinct lung fibroblast subsets. 861 70

The results from both clinical studies of women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and a murine model of experimental vaginitis indicate that systemic cell-mediated immunity may not represent a dominant host defense mechanism against vaginal infections by Candida albicans. Recent experimental evidence indicates the presence of local vaginal immune reactivity against C. albicans. The present study was designed to examine T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the vaginal mucosae of naive CBA/J mice. Vaginal lymphocytes (VL) were isolated by collagenase digestion of whole vaginal tissues. Cell populations were identified by flow cytometry, and the results were compared with those for both lymph node cells (LNC) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The results of flow cytometry showed that 45% +/- 10% of lymphocytes in the vaginal mucosa are CD3+ compared with 75% +/- 5% in LNC and 50% +/- 5% in PBL. The majority (85%) of CD3+ VL are CD4+ and express the alpha/beta T-cell receptor (TCR), similar to the results for LNC and PBL. In contrast to LNC and PBL, VL contain a significantly higher percentage (15 to 20%) of gamma/delta TCR+ cells, 80% or more of which appear to express CD4. In addition, while CD4-CD8 cell ratios in LNC and PBL were 3:1 and 6:1, respectively, only 1% of VL expressed CD8, resulting in a CD4-CD8 cell ratio of > 100:1. Finally, while LNC and PBL recognized two epitope-distinct (GK 1.5 and 2B6) anti-CD4 antibodies, VL recognized only 2B6 anti-CD4 antibodies. Further analysis of VL showed that Thy-1 cells, but not CD4 cells, were reduced after intravaginal injection of complement-fixing anti-Thy-1.2 and GK 1.5 anti-CD4 antibodies, respectively. Taken together, these data suggest that T lymphocytes in the vaginal mucosae of mice are phenotypically distinct from those in the periphery and that CD4+ VL have an uncharacteristic or atypical expression of the CD4 receptor.
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PMID:T lymphocytes in the murine vaginal mucosa are phenotypically distinct from those in the periphery. 875 31


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