Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.24.3 (collagenase)
18,340 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) is a potent inhibitor of activated matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) such as collagenase, stromelysin, and gelatinase, and thus helps to control extracellular matrix metabolism and deposition by connective tissue cells. Since various cytokines and growth factors can modify the production of MMP and TIMP-1, we explored the action of oncostatin M (OM), a unique lymphocyte- and monocyte-derived cytokine, on expression of these proteins. We examined the regulation of TIMP-1 expression in cultured human fibroblasts by cytokines including OM, IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and IL-1 alpha. When used at levels of 5 to 50 ng/ml, OM, IL-6, LIF, and IL-1 alpha elevated the TIMP-1 expression at the RNA level in fibroblasts of lung or synovial origin. Interestingly, OM stimulation resulted in highest levels of TIMP-1 RNA and protein synthesis. However, unlike IL-1 alpha, the cytokines OM, IL-6, and LIF did not induce MMP or PGE2 release. OM also enhanced TIMP-1 mRNA levels in the H2981 lung carcinoma and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines. The results suggest that OM as well as IL-6 and LIF, other cytokines acting through similar receptor pathways, may act to inhibit net MMP activity by specifically up-regulating TIMP-1 expression. The selective induction of TIMP-1 by OM may be influential in altering matrix destruction in chronic inflammation and tumor metastasis.
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PMID:Selective regulation of metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP-1) by oncostatin M in fibroblasts in culture. 851 78

Both astrocytes in the central nervous system and fibroblasts in somatic tissues are not only the major sources of extracellular matrix components but also of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of enzymes directly involved in extracellular matrix breakdown. We have analyzed the regulation of the expression of MMPs and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) in human primary astrocytes stimulated with oncostatin M (OSM) and other extracellular mediators in comparison with normal human dermal fibroblasts. It was found that OSM induced/enhanced transcription of MMP-1 (interstitial collagenase) and MMP-3 (stromelysin 1) in astrocytes, and MMP-1, MMP-9 (gelatinase B), and TIMP-1 in fibroblasts. Analysis of the signal transduction leading to activation of the MMP-1 gene revealed the presence of an OSM-responsive element (OMRE) encompassing the AP-1 binding site and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) binding element, which mediate activation by OSM. OMRE is also present in the TIMP-1 gene promoter and, although there are some differences in these two motifs, both appear to be targets for the simultaneous action of OSM-induced nuclear effectors. The induced enhancement of transcription by synergistically acting AP-1 and STAT binding elements in response to OSM is Raf-dependent. Cross-talk between the mitogen-activated protein kinase and JAK-STAT pathways is required to achieve maximal induction of the OMRE-driven transcription by OSM.
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PMID:The mitogen-activated protein kinase and JAK-STAT signaling pathways are required for an oncostatin M-responsive element-mediated activation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene expression. 899 20

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing recombinant human oncostatin M (rOM) were found to secrete high levels of a 28-kDa protein. Sequence analysis of the protein suggested that it was hamster tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). In this study, we show that induction of TIMP-1 mRNA and protein by CHO cells is due to rOM action in an autocrine/paracrine mode. TIMP-1 expression in rOM-producing CHO cells increased concomitantly with methotrexate-induced rOM amplification. TIMP-1 upregulation was not caused by either transfection of nonspecific DNA nor was it a direct effect of treatment of the cells with methotrexate. These results suggest that oncostatin M is a potent inducer of TIMP-1 and that its receptor-mediated expression is conserved across species.
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PMID:Autocrine/paracrine induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells by oncostatin M. 905 17

Alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor (A1-Pi) is the main serine proteinase inhibitor found in human plasma and is a potent elastase inhibitor in various tissues, including lung. A1-Pi is expressed and induced in liver during inflammatory responses but can also be produced by epithelial cells. Since hepatocyte A1-Pi production is stimulated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other gp130-cytokines, such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OM), we investigated the role of these cytokines in regulating A1-Pi in lung epithelial cells. We show that OM, a monocyte and T cell product, can specifically and potently induce A1-Pi production in lung-derived A549 alveolar (epithelial) cells, as well as in liver-derived HepG2 cells. Both A1-Pi protein (as detected by ELISA and Western blots) and mRNA levels were enhanced 20-fold to 30-fold in A549 cells. OM was also able to stimulate the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in these cells. Interestingly, other members of the IL-6 family (IL-6 and LIF) had little or no effect on A549 cells, and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) also had no stimulatory effect on A1-Pi synthesis in A549 cells. Costimulation with IL-1 beta resulted in a decrease in A1-Pi production from OM-stimulated A549 cells. However, IL-6 production was synergistically enhanced. OM was also able to stimulate A1-Pi production from a bronchial epithelial primary cell line, whereas an intestinal epithelial cell line HT29 responded to IL-6 but not OM. These results suggest that lung levels A1-Pi could be derived not only from liver and inflammatory cells but also from epithelial cells, which can be upregulated on stimulation by OM. This may have implications for regulation of local activity of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) in such diseases as emphysema and cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:Oncostatin M, but not interleukin-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor, stimulates expression of alpha1-proteinase inhibitor in A549 human alveolar epithelial cells. 919 1

Mouse oncostatin M (mOSM) has been recently cloned; however, its full spectrum of biologic functions has not been defined. To assess its potential role in inflammation, we have tested the activity of mOSM in vitro in regulation of fibroblasts and hepatic cells. At concentrations of 10 and 20 ng/ml, mOSM stimulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA in NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, rat lung fibroblasts, and rat synovial fibroblasts, whereas mouse cardiotrophin-1 (mCT-1) or human OSM (hOSM) did not. Similarly, only mOSM was able to induce transcription of chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) in NIH-3T3 cells transfected with a minimal TIMP-1 promoter/CAT construct. Mouse OSM had strong action inducing primary rat hepatocyte cultures to produce acute phase proteins; however, mOSM was very weak in its ability to stimulate acute phase protein synthesis in rat H35 cells or human HepG2 cells, which was consistent with weak STAT activation in H35 cells and HepG2 cells. Binding studies showed that NIH-3T3 cells possessed high affinity binding sites for mOSM, but rat H35 cells did not. On the other hand, mCT-1 and mouse IL-6 induced strong STAT activation as well as marked increases in acute phase protein production by H35 cells. These results indicate that mOSM does not share a functional receptor with mCT-1 or hOSM in mouse and rat cells and that hOSM does not activate the putatively specific OSM receptor on mouse or rat cells. These results also suggest that mOSM is an important cytokine in inflammation, through modulation of fibroblast function as well as hepatocyte responses.
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PMID:Regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in fibroblasts and acute phase proteins in hepatocytes in vitro by mouse oncostatin M, cardiotrophin-1, and IL-6. 927 35

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM) have multiple effects on skeletal remodeling. Although these cytokines modestly regulate collagen synthesis in osteoblasts, their effects on collagenase expression and collagen degradation are not known. We tested whether LIF and OSM regulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in osteoblast-enriched cells isolated from fetal rat calvariae. LIF and OSM increased collagenase-3 (MMP-13) mRNA and immunoreactive protein levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. LIF and OSM enhanced the rate of transcription of the collagenase gene and stabilized collagenase mRNA in transcriptionally arrested cells. LIF and OSM failed to regulate the expression of gelatinase A (MMP-2) and B (MMP-9). LIF and OSM modestly stimulated the expression of TIMP-1 but did not alter the expression of TIMP-2 and -3. In conclusion, LIF and OSM stimulate collagenase-3 and TIMP-1 expression in osteoblasts, and these effects may be involved in mediating the bone remodeling actions of these cytokines.
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PMID:Leukemia inhibitory factor and oncostatin M stimulate collagenase-3 expression in osteoblasts. 1007 11

The systemic response to endotoxin is characterized by hypotension and severe reductions in blood pressure, leading to cardiovascular collapse that can accompany septicemia. The renin/angiotensin system would normally be expected to respond to hypotensive challenge; however, inflammation appears to modify this response. This study identifies a strong acute phase response of the kidney that is characterized by enhanced expression of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and tissue inhibitor for metalloproteinase-1 and a reduced expression of renin. Equivalent regulatory effects were observed for the immortalized As4.1 kidney cell line that models certain features of juxtaglomerular cells. Oncostatin M, a known endotoxin-responsive proinflammatory cytokine, proved to be an effective inhibitor of renin gene expression. Suppression by oncostatin M involves activated STAT5 and requires an inhibitory element in the renin promoter that functions separately from cell type-specific enhancer elements. The renal acute phase reaction, unlike the liver acute phase reaction, is more strongly dependent on locally produced inflammatory factors.
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PMID:Endotoxin-induced renal inflammatory response. Oncostatin M as a major mediator of suppressed renin expression. 1080 9

In our RT-PCR screen for cytokine expression in human brain tumors we discovered increased levels of oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), all belonging to the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine family, in most of the tumors. The expression of these cytokines in normal adult brain tissue was found to be very low or below detection limit. OSM expression was elevated in most of the tumors and immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the tumor cells contained OSM in their cytoplasm, suggesting they produce this factor. Overexpression of OSM has not previously been reported in primary human brain tumors. The IL-6 cytokine family acts through a common gp130 receptor subunit that activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and therefore they have been suggested to have overlapping effects. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3 and IL-6 have been reported to be regulated by OSM. IL-6 was low or absent in the tumors. TIMP-1, MMP-1 and MMP-3 was expressed in most tumors but with no strict correlation to OSM levels.
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PMID:Expression of the IL-6 family cytokines in human brain tumors. 1149 26

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) is a potent inhibitor of activated matrix metalloproteinases such as gelatinase and collagenase, and thus helps to control extracellular matrix metabolism and deposition by connective tissue cells. We examined the responsiveness of the expression of TIMP-2 to various cytokines in dermal fibroblasts and studied the regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the response. TIMP-2 protein and mRNA expression was induced by IL-4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but not by TGF-beta, oncostatin M, or IL-6. IL-4 induction of TIMP-2 expression was dependent upon transcription. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors SB202190 and SB203580 suppressed IL-4-induced TIMP-2 expression, suggesting the involvement of p38 MAP kinase in the signaling of IL-4 leading to TIMP-2 expression. Immunoblotting analysis using a specific Ab against phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase (Thr(180)/Tyr(182)) showed that IL-4 induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase in human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, the p38 MAP kinase assay showed that IL-4 induces p38 MAPK activation in human dermal fibroblasts. The expression of the dominant-negative mutant p38 MAPK represses the IL-4-induced TIMP-2 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. Thus, IL-4 can potentially alter the dermal matrix metabolism by regulating TIMP-2.
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PMID:IL-4 up-regulates the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 in dermal fibroblasts via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase dependent pathway. 1182 24

There is ample evidence supporting the view that alterations in the balance between matrix deposition and matrix degradation brought about by changes in the respective activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) contribute significantly to cardiac dysfunction and disease. Here we show that TIMP-1 was upregulated up to threefold after treatment with the inflammatory mediator and gp130 ligand oncostatin M (OSM) in human adult cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. The Erk1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and the p38 inhibitor SD202190 abolished the effect of OSM on TIMP-1 production in both cell types. Human cardiac myocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts also express MMP-1, 2, 3 and 9, and TIMP-2 constitutively. OSM, however, did not affect the expression of these proteins. In addition also the other gp130 ligands tested, cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) had no effect on the expression of TIMPs and MMPs studied. We speculate that OSM by inducing TIMP-1 expression counteracts excessive proteolysis and unrestricted matrix degradation during inflammatory processes in the heart. The notion that OSM favors matrix stabilization in the human heart is further supported by our earlier observation that OSM also upregulates PAI-1, the physiological inhibitor of the protease urokinase-type PA (u-PA), which in turn is essential for extracellular proteolysis. Therefore we propose a role for the gp130 ligand OSM in the modulation of cardiac remodeling and repair processes.
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PMID:The gp130 ligand oncostatin M regulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 through ERK1/2 and p38 in human adult cardiac myocytes and in human adult cardiac fibroblasts: a possible role for the gp130/gp130 ligand system in the modulation of extracellular matrix degradation in the human heart. 1589 Mar 57


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