Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.24.3 (collagenase)
18,340 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oval cells and biliary epithelial cells were isolated from livers of rats fed a choline-deficient diet containing 0.1% ethionine and from normal rat livers, respectively. Nonparenchymal cell suspensions prepared from these livers by collagenase perfusion followed by digestion of undissociated tissue with 0.1% collagenase, 0.1% Pronase, and 0.004% DNase I were separated into six fractions by centrifugal elutriation. Cells in each fraction were characterized histochemically for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase activities, and for albumin and alpha-fetoprotein by immunocytochemical methods. Cells from Fraction 5 of the elutriation procedure had various features predicted for oval cells and were selected for further studies. The cell yield in this fraction, from each preneoplastic liver, was 5.7 X 10(7) cells, 93 +/- 2% of which were gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase positive, 6 +/- 1% peroxidase positive, 61% albumin positive, and 29% alpha-fetoprotein positive. Cells in this fraction have a median diameter of 13.1 micron and are diploid and cycling. The majority of these cells has morphological features characteristic of biliary epithelial cells, although some cells display features intermediate between duct cells and hepatocytes. Nucleic acid hybridization using specific probes revealed that these cells contain albumin and alpha-fetoprotein messenger RNAs, while hepatocytes from normal and preneoplastic liver contain only albumin messenger RNA. Biliary cells obtained from normal livers do not contain albumin messenger RNA. The large-scale purification and characterization of cell populations from preneoplastic livers is an important step in elucidating the cellular derivation of liver tumors.
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PMID:Isolation of oval cells by centrifugal elutriation and comparison with other cell types purified from normal and preneoplastic livers. 669 43

In order to clarify the microvascular architecture and ultrastructural features of the capillary vessels related to transendothelial transport of metabolites, scanning electron microscopy of tissues digested by HCl-collagenase and of vascular corrosion casts as well as thin-section, tracer, and freeze-fracture replications were employed to study the maturation zone of rat-incisor enamel organ. The enamel-organ maturation zone was shown to have a well-developed, dense capillary plexus. The capillary vessels were distributed along furrows formed by the enamel-organ papillary ridges. In central regions they formed a regular, blindlike network; in the peripheral regions, however, they formed an irregular, circular network. Everywhere except in the nuclear and perinuclear regions, the very thin capillary-vessel endothelial walls were pierced with numerous fenestrations. Such fenestrations were evident in endothelial walls facing the ameloblast-layer site. In tracer experiments, intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase passed through the fenestrations in the endothelial walls to diffuse throughout the enamel-organ extracellular spaces. It did not, however, pass through intercellular spaces or transendothelial channels. The dense, regular distribution of highly fenestrated capillaries in the enamel organ is thought to make possible the rapid transcapillary exchange of various metabolites between the vascular system and the ameloblast and papillary layers that is necessary for enamel maturation.
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PMID:Microvascular architecture of the enamel organ in the rat-incisor maturation zone. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies. 672 Feb 39

Using the sialic acid-specific lectin, limulin (LPA; from Limulus polyphemus hemolymph), the distribution and nature of sialoglycoconjugates on the surface of rat pancreatic cells has been investigated. Binding of rhodaminated LPA (Rh-LPA) or horseradish peroxidase-conjugated LPA (HRP-LPA) to fixed-frozen sections of adult rat pancreas resulted in intense linear staining of the apical surface of acinar cells with fainter staining on the basal but not the lateral cell surfaces. LPA binding was specific in that it could be abolished by 1) pretreatment of tissue sections with neuraminidase or periodic acid; 2) competition with sialic acid; and 3) incubation in Ca2+ -free buffers. Pretreatment of sections with proteases abolished LPA binding to the apical surfaces of acinar cells and also enhanced LPA binding to the lateral cell surface. Lipid extraction of sections following protease treatment markedly reduced LPA binding to the acinar cell periphery. These results suggest that LPA binding sites on the acinar cell apical surface may be primarily sialoglycoproteins, while those on the basolateral surfaces may consist in part of gangliosides. Electron microscopy of collagenase-dispersed acini exposed to HRP-LPA confirmed binding of LPA to the basal plasmalemma and, in addition, revealed staining of basal lamina when present. LPA binding to the acinar cell surface was not affected by digestion of tissue sections with hyaluronidase, heparinase, collagenase, or 6 M guanidine-HCl. Control experiments indicated that rat pancreatic secretory proteins contain undetectable amounts of sialoglycoproteins and thus that the apical localization of LPA is not due to adherent secretory proteins. Islets of Langerhans were always uniformly and heavily stained with LPA conjugates; this staining was protease insensitive. Appearance of LPA binding sites was examined on embryonic pancreatic epithelia. At day 15 of gestation, Rh-LPA stained the entire periphery of the epithelial cells, including the lateral cell surface, although more intense staining was already noted on the apical surface. This pattern persisted through day 17 of gestation, but by day 19 an adult staining pattern was observed with loss of staining of the lateral cell surfaces.
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PMID:Distribution of sialoglycoconjugates on acinar cells of the mammalian pancreas. 675 68

A study was made of mycobacterial-induced granulomas in guinea-pig lymph nodes. Live BCG (Pasteur) induced a granuloma containing epithelioid cells while Cobalt irradiated Mycobacterium leprae induced a granuloma comprised of phagocytic macrophages. The granulomas were quantitated by measurement of lymph node weight and the areas of infiltration in histological sections. The time course of granuloma formation induced by Co-irradiated M. leprae was veary different from the time course of the granuloma formation induced by BCG. Collagen synthesis assessed by incorporation of 14C-proline into collagenase sensitive protein was greater in lymph nodes draining the site of injection of Co-irradiated BCG than those draining the site of injection of Co-irradiated M. leprae during the first 10 weeks. Collagen synthesis was delayed in the nodes from animals injected with live BCG for at least 10 weeks. Single cell suspensions of draining lymph nodes containing granulomas consisted of lymphocytes and large cells (epithelioid cells and macrophages). A high proportion of the large cells were found to be non-adherent in the live BCG-induced epithelioid cell granuloma. In contrast, M. leprae-induced granulomas contained a high percentage of adherent large cells. In both the granulomas, the majority of large cells were esterase positive and showed the presence of fibronectin. Most of the large cells in the granulomas did not carry receptors for the Fc component of IgG or the C3 component of complement and did not exhibit peroxidase activity.
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PMID:Comparison of mycobacterial granulomas in guinea-pig lymph nodes. 675 60

The neural retina of avian embryos was spread on a membrane filter and cut in any desired orientation. Strips cut across the retina of 4- to 7-day chick or 3- to 6-day quail embryos were explanted onto collagen gels. Vigorous neurite outgrowth was seen for about 3 days, by which time many neurites were 3 mm long. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling showed that the cells producing the neurites were large and formed a layer near the inner limiting membrane, indicating that the neurites in vitro were axons of retinal ganglion cells. The size of the neurite population and the regions from which neurites emerged varied with the donor age, while most neurites sprouted from the side of the explant formerly closest to the optic fissure. This pattern closely resembled that of axon growth in the normal retina, as revealed by SEM, silver staining, and HRP labeling. Mitotic inhibitors (Ara-C and FUdR) did not alter the neurite outgrowth. Pretreatment of retinae with trypsin or collagenase did not disorganize axons at the time of explanation, but tended to equalize neurite emergence on each side of the retinal strips. We suggest that microenvironmental factors, especially the enzyme-labile inner limiting membrane, are important for axon guidance in the retina.
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PMID:Oriented axon outgrowth from avian embryonic retinae in culture. 682 32

Peroxidase activity was measured in specimens of human endometrium taken at different days of the menstrual cycle. High specific activities were more frequently found in secretory endometrium than in proliterative tissue, but the variance at each phase of the cycle was large and differences were statistically not significant. The results obtained do not support the hypothesis that peroxidase activity is determined by the levels of circulating estrogens, as is apparently true in rats. Extremely high levels of peroxidase activity were noticed in some, but not all, specimens of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Endometrial glands were separated from the stroma after collagenase digestion of normal and abnormal endometrial glands were separated from the stroma after collagenase digestion of normal and abnormal endometrium, and peroxidase activity was measured in each fraction. The enzyme was found to be preferentially localized in the stroma, in contrast to the reported findings of predominantly epithelial localization in the rat.
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PMID:Peroxidase activity in glands and stroma of human endometrium. 743 24

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) may be related to the pathological processes associated with periodontitis, primarily due to its ability to induce collagenase, increase neutrophil chemotaxis, and stimulate bone resorption. This study was designed to histologically quantitate IL-1 beta positive cells from various histologic fields in untreated gingivitis/early periodontitis (G/EP) versus moderate/severe periodontitis (M/SP) gingival tissues, and associate these with collagen loss. Two gingival biopsies from 8 patients were collected, one from a G/EP site and one from a M/SP site. Mouse monoclonal antibodies in combination with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase system were used to stain for IL-1 beta, while the van Gieson method was used to stain for collagen in serial sections. Collagen loss in G/EP (35%) and M/SP (52%) fields was consistent with gingivitis and periodontitis, respectively. IL-1 beta positive cells in combined coronal/sulcular (Co/Su) and apical/sulcular (Ap/Su) fields (nearest the bacterial insult) were significantly more numerous compared to combined coronal/middle (Co/Mi) and apical/middle (Ap/Mi) fields (p < 0.05). While numbers and percentages of IL-1 beta positive cells were generally higher in M/SP biopsies, differences were not significant. Further, there was no correlation between the number of IL-1 beta positive cells and percent collagen loss. However, a significant correlation between IL-1 beta positive cells and corresponding gingival crevicular fluid IL-1 beta concentrations was noted (r = 0.65, p = 0.01). Through the use of immunohistochemistry, this study demonstrated that the presence of IL-1 beta + cells does not appear to have a direct association with collagen loss.
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PMID:Histological evaluation of interleukin-1 beta and collagen in gingival tissue from untreated adult periodontitis. 750 86

Type I human skin collagenase (HSC-1) was localized in developing embryonic and fetal skin ranging from 6 to 20 weeks estimated gestational age using an antigen-specific, affinity-purified, polyclonal antiserum to HSC-1 and an avidin-biotin alkaline phosphatase procedure. Double immunolabeling with monoclonal antibodies for Factor VIII-related antigen, type IV collagen, and the 68-kilodalton neurofilament subunit was performed using a direct peroxidase procedure. By 8 weeks estimated gestational age, HSC-1 localized to the periderm, the basal cell epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and surrounding extracellular matrix. At 12 weeks estimated gestational age, HSC-1 immunolabeling showed a continued association with the epidermis and dermis. Dermal and subcutaneous blood vessels and the surrounding extracellular matrix were positive for HSC-1 labeling. HSC-1 staining was also found around developing nerves and in association with dermal fibroblasts. In the developing hair follicle, HSC-1 was present in keratinocytes of the pre-germ, germ, hair peg, and bulbous hair peg. HSC-1 immunoreactivity was also found in association with the hair canal, the bulge, and the dermal papillae, but was absent from the fetal sebaceous gland. These data demonstrate the association of HSC-1 with the development of interfollicular epidermis, the dermal collagenous matrix, the process of angiogenesis, the development of nerves, and hair follicle morphogenesis.
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PMID:Localization of type I human skin collagenase in developing embryonic and fetal skin. 751 99

Flow cytometry was used for comparative in vivo and in vitro analysis of cell populations staining positively for somatostatin. Experiments were carried out with pineals obtained from neonatal, 8- and 15-day-old rats. Pineal cells were obtained by dispersion with collagenase and then processed in a flow cytometer or maintained in culture for 1 or 2 weeks. Identification of somatostatin-immunopositive cell populations was performed using a polyclonal somatostatin antibody and confirmed by indirect immunostaining of cytospun smears with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. In vivo, the percentage of somatostatin-positive cells was 60.6 +/- 4% in neonatal pineals and declined to 22.2 +/- 11% in 15-day-old animals (p < 0.04). The density of peptide immunostaining decreased in 8-day-old animals but recovered to the neonate levels in 15 day-old animals; homogeneity in the immunopositive population increased with age. Maintenance in culture for 1 week resulted in an increase in positive somatostatin staining in animals of 8 and 15 days with no changes in neonates; however, after 2 weeks of culture, the percent of immunopositive cells decreased from 53.3 +/- 6 to 12.2 +/- 4% in the older animals and remained unchanged in neonates. We conclude that somatostatin is found in pinealocytes and shows a declining pattern during the perinatal period; this probably implies that the peptide plays a paracrine role important for cell differentiation in these young animals, since maximal cellularity and a high mitotic index occur within the first 3 days of life, and pineal cell differentiation is completed before the end of the third week of extrauterine life.
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PMID:In vivo and in vitro flow cytometry comparative analysis of somatostatin-positive cells in the pineal gland of the neonatal rat. 756 43

The healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats and the effects of cimetidine and calcitonin were investigated with reference to the enzyme activity of both prolylhydroxylase and collagenase as related to histological findings. The rats were observed by endoscopy on the 3rd day after the subserosal injection of acetic acid; rats with ulcers were divided into three groups: non-treated, and cimetidine- and calcitonin-treated. The latter two groups were treated for 7 days. Prolylhydroxylase activity in active ulcers in the non-treated group was slightly higher on the 3rd day and significantly higher on the 10th day than the activity in control rats that had received subserosal injections of physiological saline solution on the respective days. In non-treated rats, the healed ulcer on the 10th day showed lower prolylhydroxylase activity than that in the active ulcer on the same day. Cimetidine did not affect prolylhydroxylase activity, but, with calcitonin, there was higher prolylhydroxylase activity in the healed than in the active ulcer, although the difference was not significant. Interstitial collagenase showed the highest activity on the 3rd day and decreased on the 10th day in non-treated rats. Collagenase activity was higher in the cimetidine-treated group, than that in the non-treated group, and numerous peroxidase-positive granulocytes were seen in the mucosa and submucosa. Calcitonin did not affect collagenase activity. The participation of both enzymes is indispensable in the healing process and the effects of anti-ulcer agents on these enzymes must be considered.
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PMID:Wound healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in rats and the effects of cimetidine and calcitonin, with special reference to prolylhydroxylase and collagenase enzyme activity. 764 95


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