Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.24.3 (collagenase)
18,340 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Catechol analogs inhibit the formation of hydroxylysine-derived intermolecular collagen cross links in tissue cultures of chick embryo calvaria. Formation of intermolecular collagen cross links was measured following incorporation of [14C]lysine, reduction with sodium borohydride, and elution from an ion exchange column with a pyridine-formate gradient. Cultures grown in the presence of 10(-3) M catechol, 10(-3) M dopamine, 10(-3) M L-dopa, or 10(-3) M D,L-serine-(2,3,4-trihydroxybenzyl)-hydrazide demonstrated between 43 and 84% inhibition of hydroxylysine formation. Collagen biosynthesis was not diminished in these cultures as compared to controls without additions or with beta-aminopropionitrile when measured by collagenase digestion. The formation of hydroxylysine-derived intermolecular cross links was inhibited 34 to 93% for 5,5'-dihydroxylysinonorleucine and 7 to 71% for 5-hydroxylysinonorleucine. The catechol analogs also inhibit the activity of lysyl hydroxylase as measured by specific tritium release as triated water from an L-[4,5-3H]lysine-labeled unhydroxylated collagen substrate prepared from chick calvaria. Since catechol analogs inhibit the formation of hydroxylysine in a cell-free assay, these compounds must pass into the cells of calvaria in this culture system to inhibit intracellular hydroxylysine formation and subsequently to diminish the reducible intermolecular cross links of the newly synthesized collagen.
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PMID:In vitro inhibition of collagen cross links by catechol analogs. 1 15

Six different proteins varying widely in molecular weight, ribonuclease, lysostaphin, ovalbumin, penicillinase, collagenase, and Varidase were tested for their ability to induce circulating antibody formation in rabbits after repeated topical application of the proteins in a water-soluble gel vehicle. After a 12-week exposure period, significant hemagglutinin titers were noted in rabbits treated with ovalbumin, lysostaphin, or ribonuclease; markedly elevated, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis-reacting sera were obtained only from collagenase- or lysostaphin-treated animals. Precipitin antibodies as evidenced by gel diffusion were also found in sera from collagenas- and lysostaphin-treated animals. Topical application of penicillinase was only marginally effective and Varidase was totally ineffective in elicting a positive circulating antibody response. In all cases, topical application of proteins for periods in excess of 3 weeks was required for induction of circulating antibody formation.
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PMID:Antigenic response to topically applied proteins. 16 18

A previous study of hamsters, 21 days after intratracheal treatment with pancreatic elastase, showed development of emphysema, shift of the volume-pressure curve up an to the left, with both air and saline filling, and increase in quasistatic lung compliance. There was also a striking increase in vital capacity and lung volume at transpulmonary pressure of 25 cm H2O (TLC25); however, 21 days after collagenase treatment, there was only a slight increase in TLC25. The lung volume changes were not consistent with the theory that the collagen fiber network is responsible for limiting distension of the lung. This report considers saline-filled volume-pressure curves studied in excised hamster lungs after incubation with endotracheally instilled pancreatic elastase or clostridial collagenase solutions. Fluid retained in the lungs after the first infusion-withdrawal cycle was significantly greater in lungs treated with elastase than in lungs treated with collagenase or in control lungs. Total fluid volume at full inflation was similar in the 3 groups. Chord compliance of lungs treated with collagenase was greater at high volume range than that in lungs treated with elastase or control lungs; chord compliance of elastase-treated lungs was higher at mid-volume range than that of collagenase-treated or control lungs. The results of these in vitro studies are consistent with the theory of independently functioning elastic and collagen fiber networks, with the latter limiting lung distensibility at high volumes, and the former providing great extensibility at low volumes. Events that are part of the repair process after elastase injury may result in a change in the orientation of collagen in alveolar tissue and appear to account for the differing effects of in vivo and in vitro elastase treatment on the static mechanical properties of the lungs.
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PMID:In vitro effects of elastase and collagenase on mechanical properties of hamster lungs. 18 Aug 55

1. A method is described for the isolation of rat parotid acinar cells by controlled digestion of the gland with trypsin followed by collagenase. As judged by Trypan Blue exclusion, electron microscopy, water, electrolyte and ATP concentrations and release of amylase and lactate dehydrogenase, the cells are morphologically and functionally intact. 2. A method was developed for perifusion of acinar cells by embedding them in Sephadex G-10. Release of amylase was stimulated by adrenaline (0.1-10muM), isoproternol (1 or 10 MUM), phenylephrine (1 muM), carbamoylcholine (0.1 or 1 muM), dibutyryl cycle AMP (2 MM), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (1mM) and ionophore A23187. The effects of phenylephrine, carbamoylcholine and ionophore A23187 required extracellular Ca2+, whereas the effects of adrenaline and isoproterenol did not. 3. The incorporation of 45Ca into parotid cells showed a rapidly equilibrating pool (1-2 min) corresponding to 15% of total Ca2+ and a slowly equilibrating pool (greater than 3h) of probably a similar dimension. Cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic effectors and ionophore A23187 and 2,4-dinitrophenol increased the rate of incorporation of 45Ca into a slowly equilibrating pool, whereas beta-adrenergic effectors and dibutyryl cyclic AMP were inactive. 4. The efflux of 45Ca from cells into Ca2+-free medium was inhibited by phenylephrine and carbamoylcholine and accelerated by isoproterenol, adrenaline (beta-adrenergic effect), dibutyryl cyclic AMP and ionophore A23187. 5. A method was developed for the measurement of exchangeable 45Ca in mitochondria in parotid pieces. Incorporation of 45Ca into mitochondria was decreased by isoproterenol, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 2,4-dinitrophenol, increased by adrenaline, and not changed significantly by phenylephrine or carbamoylcholine. Release of 45Ca from mitochondria in parotid pieced incubated in a Ca2+-free medium was increased by isoproterenol, adrenaline, dibutyryl cyclic AMP or 2,4-dinitrophenol and unaffected by phenylephrine or carbamoylcholine. 6. These findings are compatible with a role for Ca2+ as a mediator of amylase-secretory responses in rat parotid acinar cells, but no definite conclusions about its role can be drawn in the absence of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved, their location, and free Ca2+ concentration in appropriate cell compartment(s).
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PMID:Calcium metabolism and amylase release in rat parotid acinar cells. 18 53

Studies of the equilibrium, partition, and diffusion of tritiated water were carried out on normal and osteoarthrotic cartilage as well as on cartilage from which proteoglycans had been extracted chemically. All the water was found to be freely exchangeable in both normal and degenerate specimens. The diffusiviity of the water was equal to about 40% of the value in free solution, with an activation energy equal to that in free solution. It was concluded that the swelling of degenerate tissue is not due to any changes in the state of the water, but to a failure of the damaged collagen network to oppose the swelling pressure of the proteoglycans. Swelling similar to that observed in fibrillated cartilage was also found in initially normal specimens treated with collagenase.
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PMID:Chemical composition and swelling of normal and osteoarthrotic femoral head cartilage. II. Swelling. 20 Jan 88

A technique for the assessment of the total number of microfilariae in skin snips from onchocerciasis patients is described. For the digestion of the skin tissue the biopsies are incubated at room temperature for 24 hours in medium 199, containing 3 mg/ml collagenase and antibiotics. This process leaves the microfilariae unharmed. A comparative study of the emergence of the microfilariae in different media showed that only 20% of the total number were released after 30 minutes in distilled water. After 24 hours incubation in isotonic saline 80% were found.
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PMID:A simple technique to assess the total number of Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae in skin snips. 20 77

A method for measuring cAMP in frog skin epithelium was developed. The epithelia were isolated after collagenase-treatment. cAMP was extracted by boiling water and the extract was purified on dry Al2O3. The change with time of the cAMP level after addition of arginine vasotocin (AVT) was studied. The hormone caused a rapid increase in cAMP level with a maximum after 3-5 min, whereafter the cAMP level declined. Incubation with AVT made the epithelia refractory to a second dose of AVT, which indicates that the decline in cAMP level was caused by a feedback mechanism and not by inactivation of the hormone. cAMP appeared evenly distributed in all cell-layers of the epithelia both before and after stimulation with AVT. Theophylline caused a rapid increase in the cAMP level, which remained elevated for at least 45 min. Addition of the ionophore A23187 or of filipin had no effect on the cAMP level. However, in the presence of theophylline, A23187 enhanced the cAMP level, whereas filipin had no effect. Therefore the involvement of cAMP in the action of A23187 has to be considered.
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PMID:Effects of the antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasotocin, theophylline, filipin and A23187 on cyclic AMP in isolated frog skin epithelium (Rana temporaria). 20 96

Calf pulp was treated with full-strength formocresol, diluted formocresol, or saline for 4 hours. After washing and homogenization, the water extractable supernates were analyzed for total amino acid, carbohydrate, and hydroxyproline content. Additional samples were tested against trypsin, pepsin, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. Other tissue samples treated with 1/5, 1/10, and 1/25 dilutions of formocresol were subjected to trypsin and collagenase. The control tissue gave 50 per cent more extractable material, which contained over 300 per cent more total amino acids and hydroxyproline but only slightly more carbohydrate than the treated tissue. Formocresol treatment produced an 80 to 90 per cent reduction in reactivity to trypsin, pepsin, and collagenase but little change from hyaluronidase action. The increase in reactivity of the tissue to enzyme hydrolysis paralleled the increase in dilution of formocresol. These results indicate a profound effect on the protein fraction of pulp exposed to full-strength formocresol.
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PMID:Biochemical effects of formocresol on bovine pulp tissue. 20 81

Proximal renal tubule cell volume increases in ouabain but cell swelling is limited by the tubule basement membrane (TBM) and the colloid osmotic pressure from the bath protein. We compared the effect of ouabain, external protein concentration, and TBM on cell volume of proximal convoluted (PCT), proximal straight (PST), and cortical collecting tubules (CCT). We blocked active solute transport with ouabain and evaluated cell size by measuring the outer diameter of nonperfused tubules. Proximal tubules in ouabain swelled 35-40% in isoncotic medium and 20-25% further in hyponcotic medium (0.3 g/100 ml albumin), but PCT swelled faster than PST. The CCT swelled minimally in similar mediums, indicating pronounced heterogeneity in the response of cortical nephron segments to ouabain. In the presence of ouabain, all tubules swelled extensively when we removed the TBM with collagenase. In the hyponcotic medium fluid flux across the peritubular membrane was 0.081, 0.049, and 0.030 nl/min per mm tubule length for PCT, PST, and CCT, respectively. The rates of fluid flux in PCT and PST were proportional to estimates of the respective basolateral surface areas. We suggest that differences in swelling rates between proximal segments reflect variations in surface area rather than intrinsic peritubular membrane permeability to solute and water.
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PMID:Effect of ouabain and colloid osmotic pressure on renal tubule cell volume. 21 39

The adjuvant effects of mycobacteria can be replaced by more chemically defined isolates of the cell walls including a water soluble fraction (WSA) and by the synthetic analog N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), which is the minimal structure required for adjuvanticity. These compounds can directly activate macrophages as determined by an increase in spreading and adherence and by an elevated synthesis of the enzyme collagenase. Moreover, this increase in collagenase production is modulated by enhanced production of prostaglandins that influences intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. In addition, both MDP and WSA induced macrophages to produce a biologically active mediator that triggers quiescent fibroblasts into active proliferation. It thus appears that a mechanism for mycobacterial adjuvant action as determined with MDP and WSA is via activation of macrophages, which may then precipitate a multiplicity of other reactions resulting in enhanced immune phenomena. Furthermore, the granulomatous and fibrotic reactions associated with mycobacterial infection may be a consequence of this direct activation of macrophages.
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PMID:Macrophage activation by mycobacterial water soluble compounds and synthetic muramyl dipeptide. 22 82


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