Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.3 (collagenase)
 18,340 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Progestin-only contraceptives are associated with menstrual bleeding disturbances; a major reason why these agents are discontinued. The pathogenesis of such abnormal uterine bleeding associated with progestin-only contraceptives remains ill-defined. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)s and mast cells (MC)s are postulated to be involved in endometrial breakdown observed in normal menstruation. In this study comparisons were made of the immunolocalization of MMP-1 and -3 and MC in endometrium from women using Norplant or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) with normal controls. Positive MMP immunostaining was observed focally in stromal cells and adjacent extracellular matrix. Quantitative assessment revealed significantly higher MMP-1 immunostaining associated with the use of Norplant compared with DMPA or menstrual phase controls. Endometrial MMP-1 immunostaining in DMPA users was similar to that in menstrual controls. Positive MMP-3 immunolocalization was observed in a minority of endometrial samples. Activated MC, shown by the presence of extracellular MC tryptase, predominated in the endometrium of Norplant and DMPA users as also observed in menstrual phase controls. There was no correlation between MMP immunostaining, number of MC and number of bleeding days reported. These results indicate that in women using progestin-only contraceptives, endometrial MMP-1, -3 and MC demonstrate similarities to menstrual phase controls but also variation with different progestins.
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PMID:Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 and mast cells are present in the endometrium of women using progestin-only contraceptives. 1061 Dec

Progestin-only contraceptives are associated with menstrual bleeding disturbances; a major reason why these agents are discontinued. The pathogenesis of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with progestin-only contraceptives remains ill-defined. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and leukocytes are postulated to be involved in the process of normal menstruation. Immunolocalization of MMPs and leukocytes in (Norplant), and injectable depot medroxyprogesendometrium from women using the progestinterone acetate (DMPA), are widely used, safe and only contraceptives, Norplant or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) compared with normal controls, revealed foci of positive MMP-1 and -3 immunostaining in stromal cells and adjacent extracellular matrix, the presence of MMP-9 in various subtypes of leukocytes and alterations in mast cell phenotype. In women using progestin-only contraceptives, extent of endometrial MMP, neutrophil and eosinophil immunolocalization and the mast cell activation state was similar to or greater than that observed in perimenstrual control women. However, differences in MMP immunostaining were observed in endometrial samples from women using different progestin-only contraceptive agents; in particular, significantly higher MMP-1 immunostaining was observed associated with the use of Norplant compared with DMPA. No correlation was observed with the number of bleeding days recorded. These results suggest that MMP and leukocytes may be involved in endometrial breakdown in women using progestin-only contraceptives.
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PMID:The role of matrix metalloproteinases and leukocytes in abnormal uterine bleeding associated with progestin-only contraceptives. 1104 Dec 29

The pathogenesis of irregular endometrial bleeding, the main reason for stopping contraception with progestins only, is unknown. Based on the recent reappraisal of the mechanisms of menstrual bleeding, we hypothesized that matrix metalloproteinases initiate this disorder. Volunteers upon Norplant treatment provided endometrial biopsies at the start of a bleeding episode and during nonbleeding intervals. Focal stromal breakdown, collagen fiber lysis, and collagenase-1 messenger ribonucleic acid were evidenced in most bleeding endometria, but never in the nonbleeding ones. In the breaking down areas, immunolabeling for gelatinase A was strongly increased, and that of progesterone and estrogen receptors was decreased. Explants from bleeding endometria produced high collagenase and gelatinase activities, whereas release from nonbleeding endometria was negligible. Bleeding endometria released more latent and active forms of collagenase-1 and active gelatinases A and B, but less tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, than nonbleeding endometria. Collagenase-1 release closely correlated with that of interleukin-1alpha. In contrast, N:-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 were similarly released in both groups. Thus, endometrial bleeding occurs together with focal stromal breakdown, collagen lysis, expression and activation of several matrix metalloproteinases, and decreased production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1. These results may lead to new pharmacological treatment of this common medical problem.
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PMID:Temporal and spatial association of matrix metalloproteinases with focal endometrial breakdown and bleeding upon progestin-only contraception. 1113 50