Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.3 (collagenase)
 18,340 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although ANP or its smaller congeners are produced and secreted from rat hypothalami, the role or roles of neurotransmitter(s) in regulating their release and production from the neurons remains unclear. We report here that norepinephrine or epinephrine (NE/EPI) facilitates irANP secretion and pro-ANP mRNA expression in long term cultures of rat hypothalamic neurons through their effects on alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Hypothalami of 3 day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were removed and digested with collagenase. The dispersed cells were plated on poly-D-lysine coated culture dishes (10(6) cells/well) in Hepes buffered Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 8% fetal calf serum. Six days after plating, media were replenished with serum free media and the cultures incubated for 4 more days with vehicle or various doses of NE, EPI, alpha- or beta-adrenoceptor agonists in the presence of absence of antagonists. Culture media were then extracted with C18 Sep-pak and the levels of irANP determined by a well characterised RIA for ANP. NE or EPI treatment significantly increased irANP secretion from the cultures in a dose related manner with ED50 and Emax of approximately 0.2 microM and 1 microM respectively. The stimulation effect of NE was blocked by yohimbine (alpha 2-antagonist), but not prazosin (alpha 1-antagonist) or propranolol (beta-antagonist). Clonidine (alpha 2-agonist), but not phenylephrine (alpha 1-agonist) or isoprenaline (beta-agonist) mimicked the effects of NE or EPI. At the concentration of 0.1 microM, clonidine increased irANP release approximately 3 fold above that of control values (34.7 +/- 3.3; mean +/- SE, n = 4). These changes were accompanied by corresponding increments in the abundance of pro-ANP mRNA in the cultures as examined by a colorimetric Northern blot analysis. Our results indicate that NE or EPI, acting through its alpha 2-adrenoceptors, may modulate the function of ANP neurons in rat hypothalami by regulating the secretion and production of the neuropeptide at the genomic level.
 ...
PMID:Norepinephrine stimulates immunoreactive (ir) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion and pro-ANP mRNA expression from rat hypothalamic neurons in culture: effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptors. 131 57

In freshly collagenase-isolated rat pancreatic islets and in islets cultured for 72 hours, the effects of thiol reagents on glucagon (5 micrograms/ml) and/or glucose (16.7 mM)-mediated increases in cAMP formation as well as on clonidine (10 microM)-induced inhibition of these actions were studied. In freshly isolated islets and to a more pronounced degree in islets cultured for 72 hours glucagon (5 micrograms/ml) increased the cAMP content above the basal value. Clonidine (0.1-100 microM) had no significant effect on the basal cAMP formation, but inhibited the glucagon-mediated effect. The thiol reagents diamide (10-100 microM) and NEM affected neither the basal nor the glucagon-mediated effect, but abolished the inhibitory action of clonidine on cAMP formation. In freshly isolated islets, high glucose concentrations (8.3-16.7 mM) increased the cAMP formation. Diamide (100 microM) and NEM (100 microM) attenuated the stimulatory effect of 16.7 mM glucose. It is suggested that these selective effects of the thiol reagents on glucagon-mediated increase in cAMP formation in the presence of substimulatory concentration of glucose may be due to the differences in the sensitivity of the sulfhydryl groups of the G-proteins to thiol reagents i.e. Gi or proteins closely related to Gi being more sensitive than Gs. The data further suggest that glucose acts on the cAMP cascade at a step distinct from Rs. Since both glucose and glucagon effects were influenced by the addition of clonidine, it is possible to interpret the data as indicating that the effects of both stimulators eventually converge at some common step in the adenylate cyclase cascade.
 ...
PMID:Thiol reagents (diamide and N-ethylmaleimide) inhibit increase in cAMP in response to glucose and abolish the clonidine-mediated attenuation of glucagon-induced cAMP formation in isolated rat pancreatic islets. 196 19

The responsiveness to three beta-adrenergic agonists, isoproterenol (IPN), epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE) in AH13O cells was examined compared with that in normal rat liver cells which were cultured for 24 hr after collagenase digestion. As regards to the activation of adenylate cyclase in the cell homogenates, the relative affinity of the three agonists was in order of IPN greater than NE greater than Epi in AH130 cells and IPN greater than Epi greater than NE in cultured normal liver cells. While the efficacies of the three agonists were similar in cultured liver cells, those of NE and Epi were markedly lower than that of IPN in AH13O cells and were increased to the similar level of IPN by pretreatment with phentolamine, but not with prazosin. Clonidine inhibited the activation of adenylate cyclase by IPN in AH13O cells. When cells were preincubated with islet-activating protein (IAP), the activity of adenylate cyclase in the presence or absence of agonist in both cell lines increased. In IAP-treated AH13O cells, the efficacies of NE and Epi became close to that of IPN. Adenylate cyclase in IAP-treated AH13O cells was activated by GTP in a dose-dependent manner, but that in IAP-treated cultured liver cells was not. In the presence of IPN, biphasic (activatory and inhibitory) effects of GTP on the cyclase were observed, and the inhibitory phase was eliminated by the IAP-treatment in both cell lines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Studies on responsiveness of hepatoma cells to catecholamines. III. Difference between the receptor-adenylate cyclase regulating systems in AH130 cells and cultured normal rat liver cells. 287 59

Brown adipocytes can be readily isolated by collagenase digestion of perirenal adipose tissue from fetal lambs. In isolated cells the addition of phenylephrine in the presence of alprenolol (to specifically stimulate alpha adrenoceptors) resulted in an increase in de novo synthesis of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. The stimulatory effects were preferentially inhibited by prazosin while yohimbine had little effect, indicating that the adrenoceptors were alpha 1 in character. Isoproterenol stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) accumulation and lipolysis as well as respiration. Forskolin also mimicked the effects of beta adrenergic stimulation. Clonidine, a specific alpha 2 adrenergic agonist, inhibited lipolysis and cyclic AMP accumulation. Insulin inhibited cyclic AMP accumulation and stimulated glucose metabolism in the adipocytes. The present studies indicate that beta, alpha 1, and alpha 2 adrenergic as well as insulin responses can be detected in ovine perirenal adipocytes.
 ...
PMID:Metabolic effects of beta, alpha 1, and alpha 2 adrenoceptor activation on brown adipocytes isolated from the perirenal adipose tissue of fetal lambs. 614 21

Although serotonin (5-HT) release from enterochromaffin (EC) cells is considered to be regulated by multiple receptor-mediated mechanisms, little is known about the signal transduction in EC cells. We investigated the effects of adrenoceptor stimulation on 5-HT release from ileal tissue and intracellular calcium dynamics of epithelial cells in isolated ileal crypts in mice. Ileal tissues placed in organ bath were perfused with a buffered solution. Released 5-HT was measured using HPLC-ECD. Ileal crypts were isolated by collagenase digestion followed by moderate pipetting. Intracellular calcium dynamics were analyzed by digital video-imaging system using fura-2. NE, but not isoprenaline (Iso), induced 5-HT release from mouse ileal tissue. NE-induced 5-HT release was antagonized by yohimbine and rauwolscine, but not by prazosin and bunazosin. NE, but not Iso, also elicited a transient elevation of intracellular calcium in some EC cells. The effect of NE (1 microM) was slightly suppressed by prazosin and bunazosin, but was remarkably suppressed by yohimbine and rauwolscine. UK 14,304 and Clonidine at 10 microM significantly induced an increase in intracellular calcium concentration. NE-induced intracellular calcium dynamics was not significantly affected by timolol, Ro20-1724, rolipram and 8-bromo-cAMP. These results suggest that NE-induced 5-HT release from ileal EC cells is mediated predominantly via alpha 2-, but not beta-adrenoceptors, by a mechanism dependent on elevation of intracellular calcium concentration.
 ...
PMID:[Signal transduction of serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells in mouse ileal crypts]. 1019 Jan 50