Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.23 (MMP)
 4,246 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To probe pro-fibrotic mechanisms in dystrophic muscle, we isolated primary fibroblasts from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and control muscle biopsies and induced transdifferentiation in myofibroblasts by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) treatment. We compared proliferating activity, soluble collagen production, and transcript and protein levels of decorin, myostatin, TGF-beta1, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1; interstitial collagenase), MMP-2 (gelatinase), MMP-3 (stromelysin), MMP-7 (matrilysin), and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases inhibitors (TIMPs) 1-4, in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Principal differences included a significantly greater proliferation rate and soluble collagen production, a significant upregulation of decorin, myostatin and MMP-7 transcripts and proteins, and a significant downregulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-3 transcripts (with MMP-1 protein being reduced as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and TIMP-3 protein apparently being reduced on Western blot), in untreated DMD fibroblasts compared with controls. TGF-beta1 transdifferentiation significantly lowered decorin and myostatin and significantly increased TGF-beta1 transcript and protein, significantly increased MMP-1 and TIMP-3, and significantly lowered MMP-7 transcript and protein in DMD cells compared with pretreatment controls. The differences between DMD and control fibroblasts showed that DMD fibroblasts had a profibrotic phenotype, accentuated by TGF-beta1 treatment. Dystrophin absence itself could exert a direct influence on the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by allowing leakage of cellular components to the extracellular space or by abnormal cellular uptake of extracellular growth factors, cytokines, or enzymes influencing muscle fibroblasts either directly by altering adhesion properties or indirectly by interactions with molecules released into the ECM by muscle or inflammatory cells. The transdifferentiation of muscle fibroblasts might serve as a simplified model of fibrosis for further elucidation of the mechanisms of muscle fibrosis and for testing possible anti-fibrotic agents.
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PMID:Altered production of extra-cellular matrix components by muscle-derived Duchenne muscular dystrophy fibroblasts before and after TGF-beta1 treatment. 1990 58

Gelatinases play a role in adipose and muscle hypertrophy and could be involved in tissue remodeling in response to high-fat diet (HFD) intake. This study tested potential roles of gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinses-2 and -9 [MMP-2 and -9]) in relationship to an antigrowth factor [myostatin (MSTN)] known to be dysregulated in relation to HFD-induced obesity (HFDIO) propensity. In vitro and ex vivo analyses demonstrated that MMP-9 increased mature MSTN levels, indicating a potential role of gelatinases in MSTN activation in vivo. HFD intake resulted in increased body weight and circulating blood glucose values in C57BL/6J and MMP-9 null mice, with no changes observed in SWR/J mice. HFD intake attenuated MMP-9 and MMP-2 mRNA levels in SWR/J mice while elevating MMP-2 levels in skeletal muscle in C57BL/6J mice. In MMP-9 null mice, the effects of HFD intake were muted. Consistent with changes in mRNA levels, HFD intake increased MMP-9 activity in muscle tissue of C57BL/6J mice, demonstrating a strong relationship between HFDIO susceptibility and local MMP regulation. Overall, resistance to HFDIO appears to correspond to low MMP-9 and MSTN levels, suggesting a role of MMP-9 in MSTN activation in local tissue responses to HFD intake.
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PMID:Gelatinases impart susceptibility to high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. 2346 90