Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.17 (MMP-3)
 3,419 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The goal of studies of autoimmune disease biomarkers is to identity markers that fluctuate with disease development and severity, but then normalize following successful therapy. The perfect marker could thus serve as a diagnostic tool, as well as a monitoring device for therapeutic drug efficacy. Current biomarker discovery efforts are focused on three groups of proteins reflective of the autoimmune disease process: (1) degradation products arising from destruction of affected tissues, (2) enzymes that play a role in tissue degradation and (3) cytokines and other proteins associated with immune activation. Potential biomarkers for two autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, have been described in recent publications. For rheumatoid arthritis, these markers (by group) include (1) aggrecan fragments, C-propeptide of type II collagen and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, (2) matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, MMP-3 and MMP-1/inhibitor complexes and (3) thioredoxin, IL-16 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. For multiple sclerosis, they include (1) neurofilament light protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein, (2) MMP-2 and MMP-9 and (3) TNF-alpha and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1. The utility of most of these markers is limited by their restriction to relatively inaccessible anatomic sites (synovial or cerebrospinal fluid). Thus, from a practical standpoint, the most useful autoimmune biomarkers will be those measurable in serum or plasma.
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PMID:Biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune diseases. 1629 11

Interleukin (IL)-31 is mainly produced by CD4+ T cells, in particular T cells skewed toward a Th2 phenotype. Here we report for the first time that IL-31 stimulates secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts (SEMFs). The effects of IL-31 were investigated by cDNA microarrays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time PCR. IL-31 effectively induced chemokines [IL-8, GRO-alpha (growth-related oncogene-alpha), MCP-3 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-3), CXCL3, CCL13 and CCL15], proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-16 and IL-32) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-25 and MMP-7). IL-31 dose-dependently induced secretion of IL-6, IL-8, GRO-alpha, MCP-3, MMP-1 and MMP-3. The effects of IL-31 were comparable to the effects of IL-17A. IL-31 and IL-17A showed additive effects on IL-6, IL-8, GRO-alpha, MCP-3, MMP-1 and MMP-3 secretion. In conclusion, we demonstrated that IL-31 is a potent inducer of proinflammatory mediators in human colonic SEMFs. IL-31 may function as a proinflammatory cytokine derived from Th2 cells.
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PMID:Interleukin-31 stimulates production of inflammatory mediators from human colonic subepithelial myofibroblasts. 1748 27