Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To identify new markers of minimal residual disease (MRD) in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), gene expression of leukemic cells obtained from 4 patients with newly diagnosed ALL was compared with that of normal CD19(+)CD10(+) B-cell progenitors obtained from 2 healthy donors. By cDNA array analysis, 334 of 4132 genes studied were expressed 1.5- to 5.8-fold higher in leukemic cells relative to both normal samples; 238 of these genes were also overexpressed in the leukemic cell line RS4;11. Nine genes were selected among the 274 overexpressed in at least 2 leukemic samples, and expression of the encoded proteins was measured by flow cytometry. Two proteins (caldesmon and myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen) were only weakly expressed in leukemic cells despite strong hybridization signals in the array. By contrast, 7 proteins (CD58, creatine kinase B, ninjurin1, Ref1, calpastatin, HDJ-2, and annexin VI) were expressed in B-lineage ALL cells at higher levels than in normal CD19(+)CD10(+) B-cell progenitors (P <.05 in all comparisons). CD58 was chosen for further analysis because of its abundant and prevalent overexpression. An anti-CD58 antibody identified residual leukemic cells (0.01% to 1.13%; median, 0.03%) in 9 of 104 bone marrow samples from children with ALL in clinical remission. MRD estimates by CD58 staining correlated well with those of polymerase chain reaction amplification of immunoglobulin genes. These results indicate that studies of gene expression with cDNA arrays can aid the discovery of leukemia markers. (Blood. 2001;97:2115-2120)
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PMID:Identification of novel markers for monitoring minimal residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 1126 79

The expression of desmin, h-caldesmon, calponin, CD10, CD34, CD99, inhibin, and keratin (AE1/3-Cam 5.2) was studied in 10 conventional leiomyomas, 9 highly cellular leiomyomas, 9 epithelioid smooth muscle tumors, 9 leiomyosarcomas, 10 endometrial stromal tumors (4 with smooth muscle metaplasia), and 7 uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCTs). c-kit expression was tested in 10 endometrial stromal tumors, 7 UTROSCTs, and 9 leiomyosarcomas. Desmin was positive in almost all smooth muscle tumors except those of epithelioid type, which were positive in only about half of the cases. It also stained areas of smooth muscle differentiation in endometrial stromal tumors and five of seven UTROSCTs. h-caldesmon was positive in almost all nonepithelioid smooth muscle tumors and in areas of smooth muscle differentiation in endometrial stromal tumors; it was positive in only about half of the epithelioid smooth muscle tumors and negative in all UTROSCTs. Calponin was positive in most tumor types. CD10 was positive in nine of 10 endometrial stromal tumors and five of seven UTROSCTs, although very focally in the latter group. It was also expressed, however, in almost all leiomyosarcomas, almost 50% of highly cellular leiomyomas, and rarely in the other smooth muscle tumors. CD34 was negative in the tested tumors with rare exceptions. CD99 and inhibin were positive in four of seven and one of seven UTROSCTs. Keratin positivity was found in most (five of seven) UTROSCTs and occasionally in smooth muscle tumors (seven of 37). c-kit was negative in all endometrial stromal tumors, UTROSCTs, and leiomyosarcomas. The major conclusions of this study are as follows: 1) Pure endometrial stromal tumors are usually desmin negative. 2) In contrast to some previous studies, CD10 expression was often seen in smooth muscle tumors, including most leiomyosarcomas and almost half of highly cellular leiomyomas. As a result, a panel of CD10, h-caldesmon, and desmin should be used and will distinguish endometrial stromal tumors from highly cellular leiomyomas in most cases. 3) In contrast to a previous study, no significant differences in immunoreactivity were seen between h-caldesmon and desmin in tumors with smooth muscle differentiation. 4) The absence of h-caldesmon in UTROSCTs helps separate them from epithelioid smooth muscle tumors. 5) UTROSCTs may express epithelial, stromal, and smooth muscle markers, suggesting divergent differentiation. 6) Our study shows less frequent inhibin expression in the sex cord-like elements of the UTROSCTs than in other studies. 7) c-kit may help distinguish metastatic endometrial stromal tumors of the uterus (c-kit negative) from gastrointestinal stromal tumors (c-kit positive). 8) CD34, CD99, and keratin have no or minimal role in this area, but keratin positivity in smooth muscle tumors should not lead to their confusion with epithelial tumors.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical analysis of endometrial stromal and smooth muscle tumors of the uterus: a study of 54 cases emphasizing the importance of using a panel because of overlap in immunoreactivity for individual antibodies. 1191 17

Recent years have witnessed significant developments in the use of immunohistochemistry in diagnostic gynaecological pathology. This review details the most significant of these. In ovarian pathology, differential cytokeratin staining (CK7 and 20) assists in distinguishing between a primary ovarian adenocarcinoma and a metastatic adenocarcinoma, especially of colorectal origin. The development of markers characteristic of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumours (especially alpha-inhibin) facilitates diagnosis of these neoplasms which is often difficult by morphology alone due to the wide differential diagnosis. In the uterus, the distinction between a primary endometrial and endocervical adenocarcinoma may be facilitated by use of a small panel of antibodies, including CEA, ER and vimentin. Newly developed antibodies such as CD10 and h-caldesmon may be of use in the diagnosis of uterine mesenchymal lesions, especially in the distinction between endometrial stromal and smooth muscle lesions. Proliferation markers, such as MIB1, are of value in the cervix in the diagnosis of preinvasive squamous and glandular lesions. Recent studies have shown that cervical adenoma malignum exhibits a gastric phenotype. Advances have also been made in trophoblastic disease with the development of antibodies reactive against trophoblast such as alpha-inhibin, mel-Cam and p57. A newly developed monoclonal antibody HMGIC which is expressed in vulvovaginal aggressive angiomyxoma may prove to be of value in the often difficult distinction of this lesion from its histological mimics.
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PMID:Recent advances in immunohistochemistry in gynaecological pathology. 1194 15

The distinction of involvement of adenomyosis by endometrial carcinoma from endometrial carcinoma invading the myometrium can at times be difficult. This distinction, however, is important from the standpoint of staging, treatment, and prognosis because the outcome of carcinoma invading the myometrium as compared with involving adenomyosis is significantly worse. CD10 has been recently reported to be expressed by normal and neoplastic endometrial stromal cells. We therefore hypothesized that CD10 may be helpful in distinguishing carcinoma within adenomyosis from endometrial carcinoma directly invading the myometrium. Twenty-two cases of invasive endometrioid adenocarcinoma were identified from the surgical pathology files of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and consultation files of one of the authors (R.J.K.) and immunostained for CD10, desmin, and caldesmon. The pattern of staining was compared with five cases in which carcinoma was confined to adenomyosis. As a control, 14 cases of adenomyosis unassociated with carcinoma were included in the analysis. All 22 endometrial carcinomas that invaded the myometrium expressed CD10 to some extent in cells immediately surrounding the neoplastic glands. In 18, all of the invasive nests displayed CD10 in surrounding cells, but in four cases the staining was patchier, involving the surrounding cells of approximately 50-75% of the invasive nests. In four cases of myoinvasive carcinoma, the CD10-positive cells surrounding the nests of invasive carcinoma were also positive for desmin and caldesmon. In the remaining 18 cases with myoinvasive carcinoma, the cells surrounding the carcinomas failed to react with desmin and caldesmon. All five endometrial carcinomas involving adenomyosis displayed CD10 positivity in what appeared to be endometrial stromal cells surrounding the neoplastic glands. The stromal cells were negative for desmin and caldesmon. The control cases of adenomyosis were all positive for CD10, although in four cases the staining was patchy compared with 10 cases in which it was diffuse. Desmin and caldesmon were negative in all of these cases. Although CD10 identifies endometrial stromal cells in the endometrium and in adenomyosis and endometriosis, this study demonstrates that CD10 does not aid in distinguishing myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma from involvement of adenomyosis by endometrial carcinoma because the cells surrounding the tumor in the myoinvasive group express CD10.
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PMID:CD10 imunostaining does not distinguish endometrial carcinoma invading myometrium from carcinoma involving adenomyosis. 1276 82

A rare case of a myxoid type of endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus in a 41-year-old woman is reported. A tumor was found in the myometrium and was well circumscribed, measuring 9 x 7 x 7 cm in size. The tumor was mainly composed of a hypocellular area with tumor cells separated by prominent myxoid stroma. The tumor cells were spindle-shaped and resembled endometrial stromal cells. Numerous small thin-walled vessels were seen throughout the tumor. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely stained for estrogen and progesterone receptors and CD10, and focally and weakly for HHF35, alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin, but not stained for h-caldesmon. These results indicated that the tumor originated from endometrial stromal cells. The tumor had an increased mitotic activity (MIB-1 labeling index: 1-10%), and focally showed nuclear pleomorphism. Thus, this tumor had a malignant potential and was diagnosed as a myxoid type of low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. The patient is currently well with no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis 21 months after the operation. This case indicates a wide morphological spectrum of endometrial stromal tumor. A myxoid endometrial stromal sarcoma should be considered in the different diagnosis of the intramural myxoid tumors in the uterus.
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PMID:Myxoid endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus. 1450 23

The present study aimed to investigate oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression in the normal uterus, and particularly in uterine smooth muscle tumors and endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESSs) because these tumors can be difficult to distinguish. The expressions of OTR, CD10, h-caldesmon, calponin, smooth muscle actin, and desmin were analyzed in 10 conventional leiomyomas (LMs), 10 highly cellular leiomyomas (HCLs), eight leiomyosarcomas (LMSs), and nine ESSs. In five normal uteri and five cases of adenomyosis, OTR was strongly expressed in the myometrium and showed expression pronounced in the surface epithelium during the late proliferative phase and at the time of ovulation, whereas the endometrial stromal cells were negative. All LMs and HCLs were strongly positive for OTR. Five cases of LMS showed moderate to strong OTR expression in 100% of the tumor cells, whereas three cases were weakly positive in 10-20% of the tumor cells. Every ESS was negative for OTR, except in regions of smooth muscle differentiation. All ESSs were positive for CD10, as were one LM, six HCLs, and five LMSs. The ESSs were negative for h-caldesmon and showed desmin positivity mainly in regions of smooth muscle metaplasia. h-Caldesmon, calponin, smooth muscle actin, and desmin were expressed in all LMs, HCLs, and LMSs except for one leiomyosarcoma with epithelioid features, which was negative for h-caldesmon and calponin. Our study indicates that the evaluation of OTR expression is useful in the distinction of uterine smooth muscle tumors from ESSs, and that the OTR is expressed in normal and neoplastic uterine smooth muscle cells.
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PMID:Use of oxytocin receptor expression in distinguishing between uterine smooth muscle tumors and endometrial stromal sarcoma. 1457 80

In recent years there have been a plethora of publications regarding the value of immunohistochemical studies in diagnosis in gynecological pathology. In many instances, papers are published initially that suggest that a certain antibody or panel of antibodies is of value in the diagnosis of a particular neoplasm and in the distinction of this from mimics. However, this is usually quickly followed by other studies that somewhat contradict these findings. The aim of this review is to present a critical appraisal of the value of immunohistochemical studies in the diagnosis of uterine neoplasms with emphasis on the recent literature. It is stressed that immunohistochemistry is necessary in relatively few cases and a knowledge of the potential immunoreactivity of utilized antibodies is required. With regard to endometrial carcinoma, topics discussed in this review include antibodies of value in the distinction between type 1 and type 2 carcinoma, in the characterization of focal serous proliferations in endometrial polyps and non-polypoid endometrium, in the sometimes problematic distinction between an endometrial and an endocervical adenocarcinoma, and in the distinction between a uterine and ovarian serous carcinoma. The value of CD10 as a proposed marker of mesonephric adenocarcinoma is also discussed. With regard to uterine mesenchymal neoplasms, a critical appraisal of the value of relatively new antibodies, including CD10 and h-caldesmon, in distinguishing between a smooth muscle and an endometrial stromal neoplasm is discussed as is the immunophenotype of two rare uterine mesenchymal neoplasms, uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) and perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa).
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PMID:A critical appraisal of the value of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of uterine neoplasms. 1509 30

WT-1 positivity has previously been noted in nonneoplastic endometrial stroma. In this study we examined WT-1 expression in endometrial stromal neoplasms to ascertain whether these tumors are immunoreactive and whether this antibody might be of value in the diagnosis of these lesions. We also stained cases of cellular and highly cellular leiomyomas to investigate whether WT-1 might be of value in distinguishing these from an endometrial stromal neoplasm. We compared WT-1 staining with CD10, desmin, alpha smooth muscle actin, h-caldesmon, and AE1/3, many of these antibodies being commonly used to distinguish between an endometrial stromal and a smooth muscle phenotype. Cases of ESN (n = 5), low grade ESS (n = 14), and cellular or highly cellular leiomyoma (n = 14) were stained with the aforementioned antibodies. Cases were scored on a scale of 0 to 4+, with 4+ cases exhibiting positivity of >50% of cells. Sixteen of 19 endometrial stromal neoplasms were positive with WT-1, most (14 of 16) with 4+ positivity. Staining was nuclear (5 cases), cytoplasmic (5 cases), or combined nuclear and cytoplasmic (6 cases). All endometrial stromal neoplasms exhibited 4+ staining with CD10. Staining for alpha smooth muscle actin was present in most cases (14 of 19) and desmin and h-caldesmon were positive in a smaller number of cases (8 and 2 respectively). There was 4+ positivity with desmin in only 1 case. The 2 cases that were h-caldesmon positive both exhibited 1+ staining (<5% cells positive). Six cases were positive with AE1/3, 1 with 4+ staining. Leiomyomatous neoplasms always exhibited 4+ staining with desmin and alpha smooth muscle actin and in most cases (12 of 14) with h-caldesmon. The other 2 cases exhibited 2+ positivity. Most cases (12 of 14) were positive with WT-1 (7 of 14 with 4+ staining) and CD10 (5 of 14 with 4+ positivity). One case was positive with AE1/3. We conclude that diffuse WT-1 positivity is characteristic of endometrial stromal neoplasms and that this may be of value in diagnosis. However, WT-1 is of limited use in the distinction between an endometrial stromal and a cellular leiomyomatous neoplasm because many of the latter are also positive. This study confirms the value of h-caldesmon in the distinction between an endometrial stromal neoplasm (almost always h-caldesmon negative) and a cellular leiomyomatous neoplasm (h-caldesmon positive). Although CD10 is positive in endometrial stromal neoplasms, the commonly observed immunoreactivity of cellular and highly cellular leiomyomas with this antibody limits its diagnostic usefulness. Desmin is useful as all leiomyomatous neoplasms exhibited diffuse positivity, whereas only a small number of endometrial stromal neoplasms were focally positive and only 1 case exhibited 4+ positivity. Smooth muscle actin is of limited value since most neoplasms studied were positive. The overlapping immunophenotype of endometrial stromal and leiomyomatous neoplasms may reflect the origin of both cell types from a common progenitor within the uterus.
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PMID:Endometrial stromal neoplasms are immunoreactive with WT-1 antibody. 1521

Although appearance of conventional uterine endometrial stromal sarcoma is easily recognized on histology, it may uncommonly assume unusual appearances such as uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor, thereby hindering its diagnosis. Recently, its manifestation as an epithelioid neoplasm was described. In this report, we detail yet another instance where this tumor adopted an epithelioid morphology, presenting itself as a polyp extruding from the cervical os in a 41-year-old Chinese woman. Both the polypectomy and subsequent hysterectomy specimens revealed a predominant proliferation of CD10-negative, caldesmon-negative, and CD117-positive epithelioid cells set within a stroma containing vascular proliferation resembling endometrial stromal tumor. Areas of typical low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma containing spindle cells that were focally positive for CD10 and negative for CD117 were present in close association with the epithelioid areas. The differential diagnoses and possible implication of CD117 positivity are discussed.
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PMID:Uterine epithelioid endometrial stromal sarcoma presenting as a "cervical polyp". 1580 18

We report a case of a retiform Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of intermediate differentiation presenting as a uterine intracavity polypoid mass in a 63-year-old woman. In contrast to sertoliform endometrioid carcinoma and to hitherto reported uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors (UTROSCTs), which are primarily characterized by tubular glands and solid tubules, this tumor, which most likely represents a UTROSCT, showed a large spectrum of histologic features typical of a genuine retiform Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. The diagnosis was confirmed by a battery of immunohistochemical stains, which also served as a tool for differential diagnosis with other neoplasms. The tumor cells were positive for broad spectrum keratin (CK) CK18, vimentin, calretinin, and progesterone receptor. Only a few isolated cells stained for inhibin. The tumor cells were negative for CK7, CK5/6, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), thrombomodulin, 013 (CD99), melan A, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), alpha-1-antitrypsin, estrogen receptor, S100, neurone specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin, synaptophysin, desmin, caldesmon, and CD10. Divergent differentiation of uterine cells seems to be the most likely pathogenetic mechanism. To the best of our knowledge, no UTROSCT showing such a variety of histologic features indicative of a true sex cord tumor has been reported before.
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PMID:Uterine retiform sertoli-leydig cell tumor: report of a case providing additional evidence that uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex cord tumors have a histologic and immunohistochemical phenotype of genuine sex cord tumors. 1617 78


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