Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Point mutations of the ras genes have been detected in various hematologic malignancies. This genetic event may either occur in all malignant cells or be acquired by different subclones, which however, cannot be demonstrated adequately by analyzing only DNA derived from patient specimens. The availability of the ras p21 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Y 13259 makes possible the direct study of the distribution of the ras gene product in human malignant cells. In this report the expression of the ras p21 oncoprotein in the bone marrow smears of 35 children with acute leukemia has been analyzed. The smears were treated with the MoAb Y 13259, biotinylated goat anti-rat IgG, streptavidin, peroxidase and stained with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The intensity of the staining was evaluated by two independent observers as negative or equivocal (-/+), moderate (+) or intense (++), by counting one thousand cells. Patients were also classified according to the percentage of the stained cells into four groups (0, I, II, III). It was found that 22/35 (63%) were (+) or (++) positive as follows: 11/21 (52%) with ALL CALLA (+), 2/2 ALL-B, 3/3 ALL-T and 6/9 AML. In Group 0 (none of the blasts was stained) were 13/35 (37%), as well as in Group I (1 to 25% of the blasts stained 1+ or 2+ positive), while in Group II (26 to 50% positive stained) 3/35 and in Group III (more than 51% stained) 6/35, all of which were AML (6/9). It is concluded that the immunohistochemical analysis of the ras p21 in blast cells of children with acute leukemia may demonstrate that ras gene expression in some subclones, the intensity and percentage of which may be of some clinical importance.
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PMID:The expression of the ras p21 oncoprotein in the bone marrow smears of children with acute leukemia. 129 65

In a longitudinal study of a 32-year-old male with Ph1+ hybrid leukemia we have followed the immunophenotype and configuration of Ig- and TCR genes during the course of different chemotherapy regimens directed first against the myeloid and later against the lymphoid components of the disease. We identified changes in all parameters, interpretable as an evolution of the malignant clone resulting in a leukemic switch towards a more lymphoid character. Thus, while the expression of the myeloid antigens CD13 and CD33 decreased, that of CD10 (CALLA) and CD20 (B1) increased. Moreover, while the configuration of the Ig heavy and light chain lambda genes remained constant during the whole period of treatment, that of the Ig light chain kappa gene and TCR beta gene displayed extensive rearrangements after initiation of ALL therapy. Since this patient represents a de novo acute leukemia as evaluated by location of the translocation-breakpoint on chromosome 22, our data clearly indicate that Ig- and TCR gene rearrangements might prove a valuable addition in monitoring Ph1+ hybrid leukemias, providing guidelines for optimizing chemotherapy.
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PMID:Evolution of Ig- and T-cell receptor gene configuration in a Ph1+ hybrid leukemia patient. 131 81

This study was designed to determine which (if any) subtypes of leukemic blasts express a functional receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Blasts harvested from bone marrow of 38 newly diagnosed patients were classified as acute lymphocytic leukemia (CALLA + pre-B-cell leukemia, CALLA-, pre-B-cell leukemia, T-cell leukemia) or acute myeloid leukemia based on cytochemical and histochemical markers. Of the 32 patients with lymphocytic leukemia, 22 expressed the VIP receptor as evidenced by VIP-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase in cell homogenates. Binding of 125I-VIP to ALL cells correlated with the ability of VIP to activate adenylate cyclase. The VIP receptor was not identified in myeloid blasts from any of six patients. Further correlation of 125I-VIP binding and VIP-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase was demonstrated in transformed cell lines: a pre-B-cell line (Nalm 6) and a T-cell line (Molt 4b) exhibited high-affinity binding of 125I-VIP and VIP-mediated activation of adenylate cyclase, whereas neither the histiocytic line (U937) nor the myelocytic line (HL60) appeared to express the VIP receptor. These observations suggest a role for VIP in the proliferation or differentiation of human T and B lymphocytes.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor expression on human lymphoblasts. 132 1

Twenty-eight Thai children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia were evaluated for pretreatment characteristic, including immunophenotype of lymphoblast, outcome of treatment, and the correlation among them. By APAAP technique using a panel of eight monoclonal antibodies (HLA-DR, CD 19, CALLA (CD 10), IgM, CD 7, CD 3, CD 4, and CD 8), five subclasses were identified: 67.9, 17.9, 7.1, 3.6, and 3.6 per cent were respectively shown to be common-, null-, mature thymocyte T-, pre B-, and B-ALLs. Clinical features in each subclass conformed to previous reports. All of the 27 evaluable patients attained initial complete remission, but subsequent relapses were noted in 7 patients (25.9%). Three of the 19 cases in the common ALL group relapsed at 6-12 months, whereas, 4 of the 8 cases in the non-common ALL group relapsed at 2-15 months. Probability of relapse at 12 months in the common and non-common ALL groups were 19 and 49 per cent respectively. Disease-free survival from time of remission was shorter in the non-common ALL group. Multivariate analysis of the 6 factors predicting disease-free survival showed that the only strong factor was the immunophenotype of lymphoblast.
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PMID:Clinical features of acute lymphoblastic leukemia subclasses in 28 Thai children--a preliminary study. 140 67

The clinical utility of the indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) techniques was compared in 103 newly diagnosed acute leukaemia patients immunophenotyped using a panel of 19 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). In spite of slight variations in the percentages of cells reacting with particular MoAbs when comparing the two methods we found no discrepancies in the final classification of each case. In ANLL (n = 73) the best correlation between the two methods was found for CDw65 which is a good screening marker, and for CD15 having a prognostic significance. In ALL (n = 30) the best correlation was observed for CD19 and CD10, both of great diagnostic importance. The following antigens present both in membrane and in cytoplasm displayed higher positivity with the APAAP than in IF HLA-Dr, CD71 and CD11b in ANLL, CD22 and HLA-Dr in nonT-ALL and CD3 in T-ALL. The important advantages of the APAAP technique are: 1) its use with routinely performed bone marrow or peripheral blood films, which can be stored before staining, 2) the possibility of correlating morphology with immunological characterization and documentation of the results.
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PMID:[Comparison of clinical usefulness of immunophenotyping of leukemia using the immunofluorescence and immunoenzyme APAAP methods]. 148 65

Blast cell morphology of children with lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) entering two national multicentre trials was prospectively reviewed by three haematologists to define the clinical importance of (a) French-American-British (FAB) classification, (b) the presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and (c) the presence of 'hand-mirror' cells. Of 2135 evaluable children, 1907 (89%) had FAB L1 morphology and 228 (11%) L2. (L3 patients were not eligible for the trials in question). L2 patients more frequently had residual disease 14 d after starting treatment and had a significantly inferior disease-free survival, but not if the analysis was stratified for age, sex and diagnostic white cell count (WBC). 627 (29%) had blast cells with cytoplasmic vacuoles, and showed a significant survival advantage over the remainder. Vacuoles were positively associated with a low WBC, age range 1-6 years and blast cell positivity for CD10, but their benign influence was apparent even when these variables were taken into account. 'Hand-mirror' (HM) cells were only studied in UKALL X, and were noted in 316/1402 (23%) children. There appeared to be an inverse correlation between HM cells and cytoplasmic vacuoles and a weak association with T-cell immunophenotype, but no prognostic significance was evident. FAB classification appears to be of less prognostic importance than has previously been supposed, though L2 disease is more resistant to current remission induction regimens. Hand-mirror cells may be more common in T-ALL, but are seen in all types and are not related to prognosis. Cytoplasmic vacuoles are predictive of a good response to current therapeutic schedules even allowing for other prognostic variables, and are the single most important morphological feature relating to prognosis in childhood ALL.
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PMID:Cytomorphology of childhood lymphoblastic leukaemia: a prospective study of 2000 patients. United Kingdom Medical Research Council's Working Party on Childhood Leukaemia. 152 Jun 24

We phenotyped blood and bone marrow cells from a patient with acute Ph1+ acute leukemia longitudinally during the four months he received intensive chemotherapy. At presentation this case of biphenotypic acute leukemia had two immunologically different types of blast cells, one expressed CD10 (CALLA), CD13 (MY7) and CD33 (MY9) but lacked CD20 (B1), the other type expressed no CD10 or CD33. The phenotype, during AML induction therapy, changed to a more CD10+, CD20+ ALL one. ALL therapy based on these findings induced improvement in bone marrow function but the patient died of septicemia at day 134. The use of concomitant immunophenotyping (IP) and cell cycle analysis had shown proliferation advantage of the more lymphoid malignant cells. These results suggest that it is possible to induce lineage-associated changes in the phenotype of hybrid malignant cells and that these leukemias might be treated best according to longitudinal immunophenotyping of the blast cells.
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PMID:Hybrid acute leukemia: therapeutical implications of immunological phenotyping. 155 Jul 96

This is a review of preleukaemic states in children. In a prospective series of 109 children with AML the overt disease was preceded by MDS in 22 cases. Ten of these patients had Down's syndrome. Advanced FAB groups were represented in the series. An important subgroup is the bone marrow monosomy 7 syndrome. Cytogenetic anomalies are common in MDS, and multiple and complicated abnormalities develop in nearly all patients with progressing disease. Some children die before transformation to overt ANLL. Transformation usually occurs, few children survive. With cytostatic treatment the risk of irreversible aplasia is great. The choice of schedule should therefore be carefully considered. Bone marrow transplantation has proved beneficial in a number of cases, but these are still quite few. The dysfunction of the bone marrow preceding ALL is due to transient aplastic anaemia--spontaneous remission--overt ALL, often FAB type L1, immunophenotype CALLA. The ALL reacts to the same treatment as de novo ALL of the same type and the prognosis is the same.
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PMID:Bone marrow dysfunctions preceding acute leukemia in children: a clinical study. 173 77

In the group of 75 ALL patients treated between 1980 and 1989, two women (ages 25 and 17, both FAB-L2 and CALLA +, after 56 and 34 months of continuous CR, respectively) were found to have a relapse manifested as a local infiltration of skin, with involvement of the adjacent lymph nodes in one patient. The leukaemic character of the skin infiltration was confirmed by skin needle aspiration and tissue biopsy expressing CD10 and CD24. Both patients were given intensified systemic chemotherapy and local X-ray irradiation. Complete remission was obtained with the disappearance of the skin infiltrations followed after 13 and 8 months, respectively, followed by a marrow relapse with symptoms of CNS involvement in one case. Both patients died because of treatment resistance (the overall survival time equalled 70 and 44 months, respectively).
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PMID:Skin manifestation of extramedullary relapse in adult with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 184 32

Blast cells from 10 immunologically diagnosed adult acute lymphoid leukemias expressing myeloid antigens (M+ALL) were studied for immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light chain as well as T-cell receptor (TCR)-beta chain gene rearrangements. All but one leukemic isolate met the FAB-criteria for ALL. DNA from 2 patients with pre-pre-B-ALL (CD10-) and 1 patient with common ALL contained rearranged Ig light chain (kappa in two, lambda in one case) in addition to rearranged IgH genes. The TCR-beta chain gene was germline in all pre-pre-B leukemias and rearranged in common ALLs (bigenotypic features). One patient with mature B-ALL showed IgH and light chain gene rearrangements. DNA from 2 pre-T-ALLs contained rearranged TCR-beta chain genes plus rearranged IgH genes in one case. Ig light chain gene rearrangements in immature M+ALL were not associated with gross chromosomal abnormalities except for one Philadelphia chromosome positive case. The occurrence of Ig light chain gene rearrangements in M+ALL with immature lymphoid immunophenotype might represent an hitherto unrecognized aberrant differentiation potential of transformed multipotential stem cells with commitment towards the lymphoid lineage.
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PMID:Unexpected immunoglobulin light chain gene rearrangements in myeloid antigen positive acute lymphoid leukemia. 185 55


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