Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The investigation of patients suffering from malignant lymphomas of the B-cell type requires flow cytometric immunophenotyping. Several reports described the expression of almost all B lineage antigens on normal and abnormal B lymphocytes. Thus, immunophenotyping of lymphomas must be interpreted in the context of the reference values obtained for healthy control individuals. For this purpose multiparametric flow cytometric analysis offers the unique feature for lymphocyte subset analysis. In the present study B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of healthy adults were investigated by multiparametric flow cytometric immunophenotyping for the detection of the frequency (in percent) of antigens provided by the revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms (REAL) classification. Thus, 84 healthy adults were investigated and grouped by age (average ages were as follows: group 1, 25.38 years; group 2, 33.86 years; group 3, 44.17 years; group 4, 55.67 years; group 5, 66.67 years). Analysis was done for surface immunoglobulins (kappa and lambda chains of immunoglobulin M [IgM] and IgD) as well as CD10, CD11c, CD23, CD38, CD103, FMC-7, and B-B4. Three-color immunophenotyping was performed for kappa/CD19/CD5, lambda/CD19/CD5, surface IgM/surface IgD/CD19, FMC-7/CD19/CD5, CD103/CD11c/CD19, CD10/CD23/CD19, and CD38/B-B4/CD19 by live gating of CD19+ events (n = 2,000). Although some numerical differences could be obtained for the different groups, statistical differences (P < 0.005) could only be obtained for the CD19+/CD5+ B-cell subset, which was decreased in the elderly patients (group 5). The established two-color and three-color stainings will serve as a basis for future multiparametric immunophenotyping of abnormal lymphocytes (e.g., for patients suffering from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the B-cell type).
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PMID:Multiparametric immunophenotyping of B cells in peripheral blood of healthy adults by flow cytometry. 877 May

An 88-year-old Japanese woman with splenomegaly, but without lymphadenopathy, was admitted because of epigastric distress. Laboratory data disclosed an RBC of 310 x 10(4)/microliter, Hb of 10.1 g/dl, Ht of 30.6%, Plt count of 9.8 x 10(4)/microliter, and WBC of 4,470/microliter with 38% abnormal lymphocytes. Peripheral blood films revealed lymphocytes with thin, short cytoplasmic villi, condensed nuclear chromatin, and small nucleoli. The lymphocytes stained negative for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Also, immunophenotyping was positive for expression of the cell surface markers CD19, CD20, IgG, kappa and HLA-DR, but not for CD5, CD10, CD11c, CD23, CD25, CD38, or CD103 antigens. Chromosomal analysis of peripheral blood cells disclosed the 46, XX, del(7), (q32) aberration. A splenectomy was performed simultaneously with partial colon resection because of a mucinous carcinoma found in the transverse colon. Histologic examination of resected spleen tissues revealed a distinctive pattern of white pulp infiltration by lymphoma cells. The histologic findings and clinical data were consistent with the features of splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes. Our patient exhibited a relatively benign clinical course, and was being followed on an outpatient basis with no additional therapy.
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PMID:[Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes expressing chromosomal abnormalities]. 1035 43

The morphologic differential diagnosis of mature B-cell neoplasms with cytoplasmic projections includes splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and hairy cell leukemia. Although the classification of hairy cell leukemia is not universally recognized, 3 variants have been described, namely, classic, variant, and Japanese variant, each of which has different clinical and immunophenotypic features. Classic hairy cell leukemia is virtually always CD11c(+), CD25(+), and CD103(+). Variant and Japanese variant hairy cell leukemias are usually CD11c(+), always CD25(-), and occasionally CD103(+). Each variant is characteristically CD10(-). We present a case of hairy cell leukemia with a unique immunoprofile in that the cells were CD10(+), CD25(+), and CD103(-), and we review the criteria helpful in differentiating "hairy" B-cell neoplasms. This case emphasizes the variability of hairy cell leukemia and the need to correlate all clinical and pathologic data in reaching a diagnosis.
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PMID:Atypical hairy cell leukemia. 1107 33

At the ISAC 2000 Congress, the Clinical Cytometry Society organized a meeting of international experts to reach consensus on the minimum number of antibodies required for a full evaluation of hematologic and lymphoid neoplasias. A questionnaire was distributed prior to the meeting to numerous experts from US and European institutions and 13 responses were received. At the meeting, 25 individuals, including most of those who returned responses, participated in the discussions and voted on the issues presented. In chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLD), 9 antibodies (anti-CD5, CD19, kappa, lambda, CD3, CD20, CD23, CD10, and CD45) were deemed essential for initial evaluation by 75% of the participants. There was near unanimity that additional markers (selected from CD22, FMC7, CD11c, CD103, CD38, CD25, CD79b and heavy chains for B-cell disorders, and CD4, CD7, CD8, CD2, CD56, CD16, TCRa/b, and TCRg/d for T-cell disorders) would be needed to fully characterize CLD, although not every marker would be useful in all cases. Tissue lymphomas were believed to be similar to CLD, needing a minimum of 12--16 markers. However, for some cases, CD30, bcl-2, TdT, CD71, CD1a, and CD34 were cited as useful by the participants. Markers mentioned for plasma cell disorders included kappa, lambda, CD38, CD45, CD56, CD19, CD20, CD138, and heavy chains. Of 17 voting participants, 16 agreed that between 5 to 8 markers would be essential reagents for plasma cell disorders. For acute leukemia (AL), 10 markers (CD10, CD19, CD13, CD33, CD34, CD45, CD7, CD14, CD3, and HLADR) were considered essential by 75% of participants for initial characterization of the leukemia lineage. Most (>75%) agreed that at least one more B (CD20, CD22, CD79a, IgM), T (CD1a, CD2, CD4, CD5, CD8), myeloid (CD11b, CD15, CD64, CD117, myeloperoxidase), erythroid (CD36, CD71, glycophorin A), and megakaryocytic (CD41, CD61) reagents should be included in the essential panel. However, there was no agreement as to which was optimal. Thus, approximately 13--15 of those reagents would be considered essential in all cases of AL, whereas others (CD16, CD56, CDw65, TdT, and cytoplasmic CD3) were mentioned as useful in some cases. Almost all voting participants believed that the appropriate number of markers for complete characterization of AL would average 20--24. The majority of the responders (11 of 13) indicated that fewer reagents could be used in monitoring or staging patients with previously characterized disease, but not all ventured a specific number of reagents. From the above results, we conclude that the phenotypic analysis of hematologic and lymphoid neoplasia requires a rather extensive panel of reagents. Supplementary reagents might even be necessary if they prove to become relevant for diagnostic purposes. Reducing the number of antibodies could significantly compromise the diagnostic accuracy, appropriate monitoring, or therapy of these disorders.
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PMID:Optimal number of reagents required to evaluate hematolymphoid neoplasias: results of an international consensus meeting. 1124 3

By flow cytometry (FC) and an extensive panel of markers we characterized leukemia cells from the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of 13 symptomatic patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Hairy cells (HCs) identified in the large cell gate always expressed B-cell markers - CD19, CD20, CD22, HLA-DR, and 'HCL-restricted' markers - CD22+CD11c, CD25 and CD103. Other markers, not followed regularly, were occasionally expressed, such as CD34, CD38, CD71, CD15, CD10 and kappa/lambda light chains. Furthermore, in one patient with suspect but not proved HCL in PB or BM, neither morphologically nor immunologically, we confirmed the diagnosis of HCL. Only the immunophenotyping of splenic cells after splenectomy confirmed HCL diagnosis. Flow cytometry was repeated at 3-5 month intervals, after treatment with 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA) or less frequently alpha-interferon (IFN). We investigated serially lymphocyte subsets after treatment and we found profound and persistent CD4+ lymphopenia in majority of studied patients after CdA treatment. Simultaneously we investigated the value of FC to detect minimal residual disease (MRD) and to establish, whether MRD+ could predict relapse. Detection of MRD in our series predicted hematological relapse only in one case with persistent MRD+, in majority of cases with occasionally found MRD+ phenotype, did not. Using quantitative immunophenotyping we observed significantly higher values of molecule numbers of hairy cell B-cell markers, comparing to B-cells in nonleukemic gate of the same sample. Our study showed 1) the diagnostic value of FC in management of HCL patients, 2) long-lasting response in the majority of patients after CdA, 3) a profound and persistent CD4+ lymphopenia in CdA treated patients, 4) some correlation between persistent MRD staining and hematological relapse, and 5) further, till now not described activated feature of HCs, given by the increased values of molecular numbers (molecules of equivalent soluble fluoresceine - MESF) in B-cell antigens of HCL.
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PMID:Flow cytometry of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from patients with hairy cell leukemia: phenotype of hairy cells, lymphocyte subsets and detection of minimal residual disease after treatment. 1184 78

Multiparameter immunophenotypic analysis of neoplastic cells has proven to be of great help for the investigation of minimal residual disease in acute leukemias; however, its utility has not been systematically explored in B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of phenotypic aberrations in a series of 467 consecutive leukemic B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders through the comparison of the phenotypic characteristics of tumor vs normal peripheral blood (n = 10) and bone marrow (n = 10) B cells, in order to explore the applicability of this strategy for minimal residual disease monitoring. An additional goal of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of multiparameter flow cytometry for the detection of minimal residual disease in leukemic B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders through dilutional experiments (n = 19). From the patients analyzed 382 corresponded to B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (353 typical and 29 atypical); five to prolymphocytic leukemia; 13 to hairy cell leukemias; 12 to lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas; 14 to splenic marginal zone lymphomas; 22 were follicular lymphomas; and 19 mantle cell lymphomas. The following triple stainings were systematically applied to both normal and leukemic samples: FMC7/CD5/CD19, CD22/CD23/CD19, CD103/CD25/CD19, CD10/CD11c/CD19 and sIg/sIg(lambda)/CD19. Overall, 98% of the leukemic B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders cases displayed aberrant phenotypes at diagnosis with no significant differences being found between cases analyzed in peripheral blood vs bone marrow samples. The most common types of aberrant criteria detected included asynchronous antigen expression (92%) and antigen over-expression (54%); abnormally light scatter characteristics were found in 17% of the cases. Most of the cases studied (90%) displayed four or more phenotypic aberrations. Once patients were divided according to the different diagnostic subgroups, the overall incidence of aberrant phenotypes ranged from 79 to 80% among atypical B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and prolymphocytic leukemia to 97% of follicular lymphoma and 100% of typical B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, splenic marginal zone lymphomas and mantle cell lymphomas. Based on the aberrant phenotypes detected unique four-color stainings could be built for the specific identification of aberrant phenotypes. These include CD22/CD23/CD19/CD5 and sIg(kappa)/sIg(lambda)/CD19/CD5 for lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma and prolymphocytic leukemia, CD103/CD25 or CD22/CD19/CD11c for hairy cell leukemia, FMC7/CD22/CD19/CD103 and sIg(kappa)/sIg(lambda)/CD22/CD19 for splenic marginal zone lymphomas, CD22/CD23/CD19/CD10 for follicular lymphomas and CD10/CD22/CD19/CD5 for mantle cell lymphomas. Serial dilutional experiments showed that the sensitivity level of immunophenotyping ranges between 10(-4) and 10(-5). In summary, the present study shows that immunophenotypic analysis allows the identification of aberrant phenotypes in 98% of leukemic B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders and these phenotypes can be used for minimal residual disease monitoring with a sensitivity limit of 10(-4)-10(-5).
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PMID:Incidence of phenotypic aberrations in a series of 467 patients with B chronic lymphoproliferative disorders: basis for the design of specific four-color stainings to be used for minimal residual disease investigation. 1214 86

Immunophenotyping has become an essential tool for diagnosis of hematological malignancies. By contrast, for diagnosis of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) immunophenotyping is used only occasionally. From 150 patients with a IgM monoclonal gammopathy we have selected 60 cases with (1) morphological lymphoplasmocytoid bone marrow (BM) infiltration (>20%); (2) IgM paraprotein (>10g/L); and (3) absence of features of other lymphoma types. Immunophenotypic analysis was based on the use of the triple or quadruple monoclonal antibody (MoAb) combinations. To increase the sensitivity of the analysis of antigen expression, selected CD19(+)CD20(+) B cells were targeted. We have also explored the antigenic characteristics of both the plasma cell (PC) and mast cell (MC) compartments present in the BM from 15 WM patients. Clonal WM lymphocytes were characterized by the constant expression of pan-B markers (CD19, CD20, CD22, CD24) together with sIg, predominantly kappa (5:1, kappa:lambda ratio). A high proportion of cases (75%) were positive for FMC7 and CD25, but in contrast to hairy cell leukemia (HCL), these lymphocytes were always negative for CD103 and CD11c. CD10 antigen was also absent in all WM patients and less than one fifth of patients were positive for CD5 and CD23, while CD27, CD45RA, and BCL-2 were present in most malignant cells. In two cases, the coexistence of two different clones of B lymphocytes was identified, and in eight additional cases, intraclonal phenotypic heterogeneity was observed. As far as PCs are concerned, in most patients (85%) the number of PCs was within the normal range (median, 0.36%). The antigenic profile of these PCs differed from that observed in normal and myelomatous PC (CD38(++)CD19(++/-)CD56(-)CD45(++)CD20(+)). In three cases, PCs showed aberrant expression for CD5, CD22, or FMC7. Finally, the number of mast cells was significantly higher (0.058 +/- 0.13) as compared to normal BM (0.019 +/- 0.02) (P <.01), although they were immunophenotypically normal (CD117(+)CD2(-)CD25(-)).
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PMID:Immunophenotypic analysis of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. 1272 Jan 34

To establish reference values of various immunophenotypic markers in B lymphocyte population in healthy Chinese adults and build background information for accurate interpretation of B cell immunophenotyping data in clinical practice, peripheral blood from 41 healthy adults were collected separately into test tubes containing EDTA-K(2) and stored in room temperature no more than 24 hours before analysis. Whole blood lysis technique and multiparameter flow cytometry were applied to immunophenotype B cells gated on CD19/SSC dot-plot. The results showed that CD22, CD20, CD62L, CD40, CD24, CD79b, CD79a, and FMC-7 were almost positive in the circulating B cell population, whereas CD11a, CD80, CD103, CD10, CD40L, CD54, CD95L, CD86, and CD95 were almost negative in the peripheral blood B lymphocytes. CD18, CD44, CD23, CD5, CD11c and CD43 were positive in different B cell subpopulations. 78% of B cells were IgD positive and ratio kappa/lambda was 1.26. The significance of all these markers in the differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases was discussed. The conclusion is that it is necessary to consider the qualitative and quantitative levels of expression of various markers in normal B cell population in order to accurately interpret the pathological immunophenotypic data in clinical practice. It is also important to note the immunotypic differences of B cells between Chinese and Western populations.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic characterization of normal peripheral blood B lymphocyte by flow cytometry: reference for diagnosis of chronic B cell leukemia/lymphoma. 1296 71

We managed a peculiar case of lymphoma showing immunohistochemical overexpression of cyclin D1. At initial examination the patient had meningeal lymphomatosis and general lymphadenopathy. Histologic examination of biopsy specimens of inguinal lymph nodes showed tumor cells and vague nodular growth resembling lymphoblasts. The results of flow cytometric analysis were positive for CD10, CD20, CD103, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Ig kappa and were negative for CD5, CD23, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. Results of immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded specimens were positive for cyclin D1 and Bcl2 in the tumor cells. Sixty percent of tumor cells had positive results for MIB1/Ki67. Cytogenetic and molecular studies revealed tumor cells simultaneously had t(14;18)(q32;q21), t(11;22)(q13;q11), t(8;14)(q24;q32), and t(3;14)(q27;q32) with the rearrangement of BCL1, BCL2, BCL6, and c-MYC genes. Lymphadenopathy showed a quick and complete response to doxorubicin-containing systemic chemotherapy with rituximab, but the central nervous system disease progressed and killed the patient.
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PMID:Case of B-cell lymphoma with rearrangement of the BCL1, BCL2, BCL6, and c-MYC genes. 1523 99

Meningeal lymphomatosis (ML) as the first manifestation of a splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is rare. The descriptions of only 2 cases with this complication, one of which had ML as the first manifestation, have been published to date. We describe a 53-year-old man, an ex-smoker, who presented with transitory episodes of bilateral loss of visual acuity. On examination, only papilledema and splenomegalia were observed. The hemogram showed a predominance of lymphocytes with a villous morphology. Cytochemical staining and an immunophenotypic analysis revealed a positive reaction to tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase and B-lineage markers (CD19+, CD20+, CD79b+, surface immunoglobulin 3 expression, immunoglobulin D+, CD5-, CD23-, CD10-, CD25-, CD103-, and CD11c-). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed tumoral infiltration in both optic nerves and in the cervicodorsal meninges. The cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed significant pleocytosis, and all lymphocytes had a phenotype identical to that of the peripheral blood, confirming the presence of ML. The bone marrow section also showed lymphocytes with an immunophenotype identical to that of the peripheral blood.A splenectomy confirmed the SMZL diagnosis. Treatment with corticosteroids and intrathecal chemotherapy was administrated; however, the response was not good, and the patient died. In this report, we discuss the other 2 cases and ML in B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders.
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PMID:Meningeal lymphomatosis as the first manifestation of splenic marginal zone lymphoma. 1610 62


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