Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A large number of continuous human leukemia cell lines have been established over the last three decades. Clearly, leukemia cell lines have become important research tools. Here, we have summarized the immunological, molecular and standard cytogenetic features of a panel of well characterized B cell precursor (BCP)-leukemia cell lines which were derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic/undifferentiated leukemia (ALL/AUL) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in blast crisis. Following the recently proposed immunological EGIL classification, we assigned our panel of 27 BCP-cell lines to one of the following categories: B-I pro-B cell line; B-II common-B cell line; and B-III pre-B cell line. All cell lines express general B-lineage associated surface markers (HLA-DR, CD22, CD79a) being negative for surface immunoglobulin (Ig); the differences between the subgroups reside in expression of CD10 and cytoplasmic Ig. Several BCP-cell lines show the myelomonocytic cell-associated markers CD13 and/or CD33. These immunologically 'biphenotypic' BCP-cell lines are generally TdT+ CD10+ CD13+ CD19+ CD22+ CD34+ and carry the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation. The BCP-cell lines display surface receptors for interferon-gamma (CD119), interleukin-7 (CD127) and FLT-3 ligand (CD135). All BCP-cell lines examined have complex numerical and structural chromosomal alterations including translocations commonly seen in BCP-ALL such as t(4;11), t(9;22), t(11;19), t(12;21), and t(17;19) involving the fusion genes MLL-AF4, BCR-ABL, ENL-MLL, TEL/ETV6-AML1 and E2A-HLF, respectively. Besides the expected rearrangement of the Ig heavy chain receptor gene, several cell lines also have rearrangements of the T cell receptor genes beta, gamma or delta. While some BCP-cell lines express (aberrantly) myeloperoxidase at the mRNA level, most lines are negative in the immunological or cytochemical staining. Several large series documented the difficulty in establishing such BCP cell lines with success rates in the range of 10-20% (on average 15%). Still, since the establishment of the first bonafide BCP-cell line in 1974 (cell line REH), some 150 cell lines have been established of which, however, only a small percentage have been sufficiently well characterized and described. A higher success rate for immortalizing any given leukemia cell might depend on a closer emulation of the physiological in vivo microenvironment. The possibility to grow in vitro leukemia cells at will would represent ideal experimental systems permitting basic research and patient-specific investigations. In summary, the use of well-characterized BCP-cell lines provide unprecedented opportunities for studying a multitude of biological aspects related to normal and neoplastic B-lymphocytes.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of human B cell precursor-leukemia cell lines. 968 Jan 6

The aim of this study was to identify immunobiological subgroups in 133 infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases as assessed by their immunophenotype, immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement pattern, and the presence of mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) rearrangements. About 70% of cases showed the pro-B-ALL immunophenotype, whereas the remaining cases were common ALL and pre-B-ALL. MLL translocations were found in 79% of infants, involving MLL-AF4 (41%), MLL-ENL (18%), MLL-AF9 (11%) or another MLL partner gene (10%). Detailed analysis of Ig/TCR rearrangement patterns revealed IGH, IGK and IGL rearrangements in 91, 21 and 13% of infants, respectively. Cross-lineage TCRD, TCRG and TCRB rearrangements were found in 46, 17 and 10% of cases, respectively. As compared to childhood precursor-B-ALL, Ig/TCR rearrangements in infant ALL were less frequent and more oligoclonal. MLL-AF4 and MLL-ENL-positive infants demonstrated immature rearrangements, whereas in MLL-AF9-positive leukemias more mature rearrangements predominated. The immature Ig/TCR pattern in infant ALL correlated with young age at diagnosis, CD10 negativity and predominantly with the presence and the type of MLL translocation. The high frequency of immature and oligoclonal Ig/TCR rearrangements is probably caused by early (prenatal) oncogenic transformation in immature B-lineage progenitor cells with germline Ig/TCR genes combined with a short latency period.
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PMID:Immunobiological diversity in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia is related to the occurrence and type of MLL gene rearrangement. 1726 12

MLL translocations in adult B-cell precursor (BCP) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are largely restricted to the immature CD10(-) immunophenotypes. MLL-AF4 is known to be the most frequent fusion transcript, but the exact frequencies of MLL aberrations in CD10(-) adult BCP-ALL are unknown. We present a genetic characterization of 184 BCR-ABL(-) CD10(-) adult ALL cases (156 cyIg(-), 28 cyIg(+)) diagnosed between 2001 and 2007 at the central diagnostic laboratory of the GMALL study group. Patient samples were investigated by RT-PCR for MLL-AF4, MLL-ENL, and MLL-AF9 and by long-distance inverse polymerase chain reaction, thus also allowing the identification of unknown MLL fusion partners at the genomic level. MLL-AF4 was detected in 101 (54.9%) and MLL-ENL in 11 (6.0%) cases. In addition, rare MLL fusion genes were found: 2 MLL-TET1 cases, not previously reported in ALL, 1 MLL-AF9, 1 MLL-PTD, a novel MLL-ACTN4, and an MLL-11q23 fusion. Chromosomal breakpoints were determined in all 118 positive cases, revealing 2 major breakpoint cluster regions in the MLL gene. Characteristic features of MLL(+) patients were significantly lower CD10 expression, expression of the NG2 antigen, a higher white blood count at diagnosis, and female sex. Proposals are made for diagnostic assessment.
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PMID:The MLL recombinome of adult CD10-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the GMALL study group. 1914 82

The study was aimed to investigate the fusion gene transcript and immunophenotypic characteristics of the mixed linage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The incidence of MLL rearrangement in 601 cases of ALL patients was detected by the multiple-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR); the subtypes and features of the fusion gene transcript were analyzed by PCR products sequencing; the immunophenotypic characteristics at diagnosis were compared between the 22 MLL rearrangement positive of ALL patient, 30 negative control which selected randomly from the patients whose fusion gene could not be detected in the same term and 43 pro-B-ALL patients. The results showed that the incidence of MLL positive ALL was 3.66%, constituted 29.9% of the pro-B-ALL. The MLL rearrangement positive 20 B-ALL patients were all CD10 negative; the number of patients who carried CD13, CD33 and CD34 was lower than that of pro-B-ALL who had no fusion gene, whereas the expression of CD20, CD22, CD2, CD5, CD7 showed no difference. 4 kind partner genes of MLL-AF4, AF9, AF10 and ENL were detected. The fusion loci of MLL gene were mainly located at the exon 6, 7, 8 and many kind of fusion loci of MLL may exist in one patient; whereas its partner gene fusion loci were relatively single. A transcript contains a random insert sequence existed in a transcript of one MLL-AF10+ patient. It is concluded that though incidence of MLL rearrangement is low, but it has a variety of fusion transcripts, the ALL patients has unique biological characteristics at immunophenotype and fusion transcript.
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PMID:[Characteristics of fusion gene and immunophenotype in MLL gene rearrangement positive childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. 1984 Apr 68