Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The amino-acid sequence of the short subfragment-2 in the amino-terminal portion of subfragment-2 derived from adult chicken ventricular muscle myosin was completely determined by direct protein analysis. Peptides fragmented by cyanogen bromide, lysyl endopeptidase and arginyl endopeptidase of S-carboxymethylated S-2 and peptides of large CNBr peptides cleaved by dilute formic acid were separated and sequenced. This short S-2 composed of 259 amino-acid residues was found highly conserved and contained hydrophobic and charged residue repeat units. Comparing this sequence with the partial nucleotide sequence of cDNA corresponding to short S-2 (Stewart A.F.R., et al. (1991) J. Mol. Evol. 33, 357-366), a 64 amino-acid residues extension towards the NH2 terminus and 9 residues differences were observed. Furthermore, this sequence is compared with those of rat, rabbit and human ventricular myosins, and 86.1%, 86.5%, 86.5% sequence identities are observed, respectively.
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PMID:Amino-acid sequence of the short subfragment-2 in adult chicken cardiac muscle myosin. 141 75

The complete primary structure of the subfragment-2 (S-2) from adult chicken cardiac ventricular muscle myosin has been determined by analysis of peptides derived from digests of S-2 with cyanogen bromide, lysyl endopeptidase, arginyl endopeptidase, and from hydrolysates of CNBr fragments with formic acid. This region composed of 520 amino-acid residues which span the connecting segment between subfragment-1 (S-1) and S-2 to the NH2-terminal portion of light meromyosin (LMM). Comparing this sequence with the partial sequence of the rod from the same chicken ventricular muscle myosin deduced from its nucleotides of cDNA which lacks 64 NH2-terminal amino-acid residues, 14 amino-acid differences and 3 deletion/insertions were recognized. Furthermore, the sequence of S-2 from adult chicken ventricular myosin was compared with corresponding sequences of rat alpha and beta cardiac myosin heavy chains (MHC) and human alpha and beta cardiac MHCs. The results show 83.7%, 82.1%, 83.1% and 82.1% sequence identities, respectively with almost similar degrees of similarities to both alpha- and beta-MHCs. However, sequences of isoform-specific regions in this S-2 from adult chicken ventricular myosin showed clearly a higher homology to those of alpha-MHCs than to beta-MHCs of mammalian cardiac myosins.
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PMID:Primary structure of subfragment-2 from adult chicken cardiac ventricular muscle myosin. 821 95

To facilitate the analysis of immunolabelled peripheral blood or bone marrow leucocytes by flow cytometry, a number of reagents are available commercially that lyse erythrocytes and fix leucocytes. This study has investigated the effect on antibody-labelled whole blood of the Q-Prep procedure, in which erythrocytes are lysed with formic acid, and leucocytes are fixed with formaldehyde. Whole blood samples were labelled with the nuclear dye LDS-751 and with antibodies to HLA-DR or belonging to CD2, CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD13, CD14, CD19, CD20, CD29, CD33, CD45, CD45RA, CD56, and CD62L (TQ-1) that were directly conjugated to either phycoerythrin (PE) and/or fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Leucocytes were analysed by flow cytometry either in unfixed, unlysed whole blood (15) or after preparation using the Q-Prep system. The binding of eight antibodies, CD19-FITC, CD2-PE, CD3-PE, CD4-PE, CD19-PE, CD29-PE, CD45RA-PE, and CD56-PE, to the surface of lymphocytes was reduced, resulting in significant changes (P < 0.05) in the percentages of cells that stained positively and/or their mean molecules of equivalent fluorochrome (MEF). Further analysis revealed that this was due to the formic acid used during the erythrocyte lysis stage.
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PMID:The Q-Prep system: effects on the apparent expression of leucocyte cell surface antigens. 914 13

The deposition of amyloid beta-protein (A beta or beta A4) is a key feature of Alzheimer's disease. Most studies have focused on the generation of A beta, but little is known about the degradation of A beta. Recent reports suggest that insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) are involved in the extracellular degradation of A beta. To date, however, far less is known about the degradation of intracellular A beta. To elucidate the protease(s) responsible for the degradation of intracellular A beta, we investigated the effect of various protease inhibitors on A beta in two distinct intracellular pools (i.e., nonionic detergent-soluble and detergent-insoluble pools) in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Treatment with thiol and metal inhibitors resulted in the accumulation of intracellular A beta and oligomers in detergent-soluble and -insoluble fractions. The overexpression of thiol-metalloprotease IDE resulted in a marked reduction in levels of detergent-soluble intracellular A beta as well as extracellular A beta 40 and A beta 42. Moreover, intracellular A beta in the detergent-insoluble fraction extracted with 70% formic acid or 6 M guanidine hydrochloride decreased markedly in the cells overexpressing IDE. In contrast, expression of NEP degraded the A beta in the detergent-insoluble fraction markedly and partially degraded extracellular A beta 40 and A beta 42, but not intracellular soluble A beta. Thiorphan, an inhibitor of NEP, accumulated, albeit to a lesser extent, in insoluble A beta but not in soluble A beta. Thus, IDE appears to degrade intracellular A beta more effectively than does NEP in both the detergent-soluble and -insoluble fractions.
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PMID:Differential effects of proteases involved in intracellular degradation of amyloid beta-protein between detergent-soluble and -insoluble pools in CHO-695 cells. 1180 7

Huntington's disease resulting from huntingtin containing an expanded polyglutamine is associated with aggregates largely confined to neuronal inclusions, and with neuronal death. Inclusions are thought to originate from discrete N-terminal fragments of expanded huntingtin produced by specific endopeptidases. We have now purified the neuronal inclusions of Huntington's disease brain. When incubated in concentrated formic acid, purified inclusions release a polymer, an oligomer and a broad range of N-terminal fragments of expanded huntingtin. The fragments and the polymeric forms are linked to each other by non-covalent bonds as they are both released by formic acid, whereas the polymeric forms themselves are presumably stabilized by covalent bonds, as they are resistant to formic acid. We also demonstrate the presence in affected areas of the brain but not in unaffected areas of a broad range of soluble N-terminal fragments of expanded huntingtin not yet associated with the inclusions and which are likely to be the precursors of the inclusions. Fragmentation of expanded huntingtin in Huntington's disease must result from the operation of multiple proteolytic activities with little specificity and not from that of a specific endopeptidase; subsequent aggregation of the fragments by covalent and non-covalent bonds leads to the formation of the inclusions.
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PMID:Purification of neuronal inclusions of patients with Huntington's disease reveals a broad range of N-terminal fragments of expanded huntingtin and insoluble polymers. 1618 17