Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present evidence that enzyme activity hydrolyzing Succinoyl trialanine paranitroanilide (Suc(Ala)3NA) expressed by Human Skin Fibroblasts (HSF) in culture could be attributed to the concerted action of an endopeptidase and an aminopeptidase(s). Both endopeptidase and aminopeptidase activities were strongly inhibited by metal chelating agents and Copper and Zinc ions but were insensitive to Tissue Inhibitor of Metallo Proteases (TIMP). These protease activities coeluted on ion exchange chromatography (DEAE Tris acryl M) and were further separated by high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC (TSK 3000 SW). The endopeptidase activity, designated as HSF E1, was eluted at the position corresponding to an Mr equal to 94,000. It has only a limited elastinolytic potential as evaluated on 3H insoluble elastin, but it extensively degrades human skin elastic fibers as directly assessed on human skin tissue sections and further quantitated by automated image analysis. The level of HSF E1 increases with the number of fibroblast passages.
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PMID:Characterization of human skin fibroblasts elastase activity. 304 35

Locust adipokinetic hormone (AKH, pGlu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly-Thr-NH2) was used as the substrate to measure neuropeptide-degrading endopeptidase activity in neutral membranes from ganglia of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. Initial hydrolysis of AKH at neural pH by peptidases of washed neural membranes generated pGlu-Leu-Asn and Phe-Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-Gly-Thr-NH2 as primary metabolites, demonstrating that degradation was initiated by cleavage of the Asn-Phe bond. Amastatin protected the C-terminal fragment from further metabolism by aminopeptidase activity without inhibiting AKH degradation. The same fragments were generated on incubation of AKH with purified pig kidney endopeptidase 24.11, and enzyme known to cleave peptide bonds that involve the amino group of hydrophobic amino acids. Phosphoramidon (10 microM), a selective inhibitor of mammalian endopeptidase 24.11, partially inhibited the endopeptidase activity of locust neural membranes. This phosphoramidon-sensitive activity was shown to enriched in a synaptic membrane preparation with around 80% of the activity being inhibited by 10 microM-phosphoramidon (IC50 = 0.2 microM). The synaptic endopeptidase was also inhibited by 1 mM-EDTA, 1 mM-1,10-phenanthroline and 1 microM-thiorphan, and the activity was maximal between pH 7.3 and 8.0. Localization of the phosphoramidon-sensitive enzyme in synaptic membranes is consistent with a physiological role for this endopeptidase in the metabolism of insect peptides at the synapse.
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PMID:Neuropeptide-degrading endopeptidase activity of locust (Schistocerca gregaria) synaptic membranes. 306 56

An aminopeptidase has been purified to homogeneity from bovine lens tissue by gel filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. This enzyme has a molecular weight of 96,000 under both native and denaturing conditions. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed a variety of synthetic substrates as well as di-, tri-, and higher molecular weight peptides. Significantly this enzyme is capable of hydrolyzing arginine, lysine, and proline aminoacyl bonds. The pH optimum for activity and stability was 6.0. Both a reduced sulfhydryl group and a divalent metal ion are essential for activity. The native enzyme contains 1.6 mol of zinc and 1.0 mol of copper/mol of enzyme. No activation was seen upon incubation with either magnesium or manganese; however, heavy metal ions were inhibitory. Bestatin and puromycin were effective inhibitors and no endopeptidase activity could be detected in the purified preparation. This enzyme is clearly distinct from the lens leucine aminopeptidase, but rather, is identical to a cytosolic aminopeptidase III isolated from other tissues. Evidence is presented which argues that this enzyme may be the major lens aminopeptidase under in vivo conditions.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a new aminopeptidase from bovine lens. 308 20

Pseudomonas fluorescens strains 240 and 32A expressed cell-associated peptidase activity which was shown by subcellular fractionation to be primarily intracellular. Two peptidases were partly purified from strain 32A. One specifically hydrolysed N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide and was termed endopeptidase and the other hydrolysed L-lysine- and L-leucine-4-nitroanilide and was termed aminopeptidase. The endopeptidase had very low activity on bovine serum albumin compared with that of trypsin and probably was not a proteinase. The endopeptidase had a mol. wt of 33,000 and a pH optimum of 8.0. The enzyme was stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ and inhibited by Co2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, Zn2+ and leupeptin. Soya bean trypsin inhibitor and phenylmethane sulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) had no effect on its activity. The aminopeptidase had a mol. wt of 44,000 and a pH optimum of 8.0. It was inhibited by all the metal ions mentioned above and by PMSF. Little proteolysis was found when ultra high temperature (UHT) sterilized milk was treated with cell-free extract from strain 32A. It was concluded that the cell-associated peptidases from Pseudomonas strains normally present in raw milk may not contribute significantly to the deterioration of UHT sterilized milk.
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PMID:Peptidases from two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens: partial purification, properties and action on milk. 311 Feb 31

Serum succinyl (Ala)3-p-nitroanilide hydrolyzing elastase-like activity which elevates in patients with obstructive jaundice, is due to the joint action of two enzymes: first, succinyl (Ala)3-p-nitroanilide is cleaved to succinyl (Ala)2 and Ala-p-nitroanilide by metalloendopeptidase, and then Ala-p-nitroanilide is cleaved to Ala and p-nitroaniline by aminopeptidase. We adopt a new assay method for serum endopeptidase activity using HPLC.
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PMID:Determination and characterization of succinyl tri-alanine p-nitroanilide hydrolyzing metalloendopeptidase in serum. 311 43

Crude cell-free extracts of some strains of each L. casei and L. plantarum were assayed for their amino-, imino- and endopeptidase as well as the caseinolytic activity. L-alanine-, L-phenylalanine- and L-leucine-p-nitroanilide but not L-glutamic acid-p-nitroanilide, were hydrolyzed by all the strains indicating an amino-peptidase activity. The activity of proline iminopeptidase was very low compared to that of the aminopeptidase. L. casei could be distinguished from L. plantarum by its high endopeptidase activity against succinyl-phenylalanine- and glutaryl-phenylalanine-p-nitroanilide. The caseinolytic activity of cell-free extract of L. casei ATCC 393 was about one seventh the caseinolytic activity of intact cells, suggesting that the bulk of the cellular proteinase activity is located in the cell wall. It appears that a metallo aminopeptidase and a probable cysteine one are involved in the hydrolysis of amino acid-p-nitroanilide, whereas the endopeptidase activity appears to be related to a cysteine enzyme. Incubation of gels with L-leucine-p-nitroanilide after electrophoresis allowed the revealing of 2 zones of aminopeptidase activity in a strain of L. casei and only one in two others, but in L. plantarum it did not allow the revealing of any. The high proteolytic activities of L. casei compared to those of L. plantarum may explain its more frequent occurrence in cheese and its probable role in the ripening of many cheese varieties.
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PMID:Proteolytic activity of crude cell-free extract of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. 311 75

A second endopeptidase is present in the renal microvillar membrane of rats that can be distinguished from endopeptidase-24.11 by its insensitivity to inhibition by phosphoramidon. The purification of this enzyme, referred to as endopeptidase-2, is described. The enzyme was efficiently released from the membrane by treatment with papain. The subsequent four steps depended on ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. These steps were monitored by the hydrolysis of various substrates: 125I-insulin B chain (the normal assay substrate), benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoate (Bz-Tyr-pAB), azocasein and benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine 7-amino-4-methylcoumarylamide (Z-Phe-Arg-NMec). All four assays revealed comparable stepwise increases in activity in the main stages of the purification, although it was apparent that the last-named fluorogenic assay depended on traces of aminopeptidase activity present in the preparation. The Km for 125I-insulin B chain was 16 microM and that for Bz-Tyr-pAB was 4.7 mM. Several experimental approaches confirmed that both peptides were hydrolysed by the same enzyme. The pH optimum was 7.3. Phosphate buffers were inhibitory and shifted the optimum to above pH 9. Zinc was detected in the purified enzyme; EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline were strongly inhibitory. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed polypeptides of equal staining intensity of Mr 80,000 and 74,000 in reducing conditions. In non-reducing conditions a single band of apparent Mr 220,000 was seen. Gel filtration yielded an Mr of 436,000. These results are consistent with an oligomeric structure in which the alpha and beta chains are linked by disulphide bridges. Endopeptidase-2 hydrolysed a number of neuropeptides. Enkephalins resisted attack, only the heptapeptide [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 being susceptible to slow hydrolysis. Luliberin (luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone) and bradykinin were rapidly hydrolysed. Neurotensin was shown to be slowly attacked at the Tyr3-Glu4 bond. Thus the specificity appears to be limited to the hydrolysis of bonds involving the carboxy group of aromatic residues, provided that this P1 residue is extended by additional residues, at least to the P3' position. The relationship of this membrane metalloendopeptidase to mouse meprin and human 'PABA peptidase' is discussed.
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PMID:Proteins of the kidney microvillar membrane. Purification and properties of the phosphoramidon-insensitive endopeptidase ('endopeptidase-2') from rat kidney. 311 45

1. Carboxypeptidase H is one of several proteolytic processing enzymes required for conversion of large neuropeptide precursors into the small peptide neurotransmitters and hormones. 2. Because of the importance of posttranslational processing as a regulatory step for the production of active peptides, recent studies investigating control mechanisms for carboxypeptidase H (CPH) are reviewed. 3. Evidence is discussed which illustrates how CPH can be inhibited and activated. These findings suggest that a processing enzyme can play a role in the control of neuropeptide production. 4. It will be important in further studies to understand how the multiple processing enzymes--endopeptidase(s) and aminopeptidase, along with CPH--are coordinately regulated for the synthesis of active peptides.
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PMID:Regulation of carboxypeptidase H by inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms during neuropeptide precursor processing. 313 37

Two closely related Cl(-)-activated arginyl aminopeptidases (I and II) were purified from a soluble extract of postmortem human cerebral cortex by anion-exchange chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic mobility of II was approximately 80% that of I; the molecular mass of both enzymes was approximately 70 kilodaltons (kDa) (gel filtration). The aminopeptidase action of I and II on aminoacyl-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) substrates was restricted to the Arg and Lys derivatives. Both enzymes had significant endopeptidase activity, hydrolysing several biologically active peptides including neurotensin, bradykinin, angiotensin-I, substance P, luliberin, and somatostatin at internal bonds. Other peptides [Leu-enkephalin, proctolin, thyroliberin, adrenocorticotropin18-39 (ACTH18-39), ACTH11-24, and dynorphin (1-13)] were not appreciably hydrolysed. The amino- and endopeptidase activities had pH optima at 6.5 and 7, respectively, and were both inhibited by metal ion chelators and sulphydryl group blocking agents. The aminopeptidase activity was stimulated 20-fold by Cl- ions, whereas the endopeptidase activity was unaffected by the latter. Km values for neurotensin degradation were 20 microM (I) and 37 microM (II) and for Arg-AMC hydrolysis they were 167 microM (I) and 125 microM (II). The endopeptidase activity was not inhibited by the aminopeptidase inhibitors arphamenine or bestatin (IC50 = 9 nM and 0.1 microM, respectively, with Arg-AMC substrate).
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PMID:Purification and characterization of two soluble Cl(-)-activated arginyl aminopeptidases from human brain and their endopeptidase action on neuropeptides. 265 16

The mechanisms by which neurotensin (NT) was inactivated by rat fundus plasma membranes were characterized. Primary inactivating cleavages occurred at the Arg8-Arg9, Pro10-Tyr11, and Ile12-Leu13 peptidyl bonds. Hydrolysis at the Arg8-Arg9 bond was fully abolished by the use of N-[1(R,S)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-alanyl-alanyl-phenylalanine-p- aminobenzoate, a result indicating the involvement at this site of a recently purified soluble metallopeptidase. Hydrolysis of the Pro10-Tyr11 bond was totally resistant to N-benzyloxycarbonyl-prolyl-prolinal and thiorphan, an observation suggesting that the peptidase responsible for this cleavage was different from proline endopeptidase and endopeptidase 24.11 and might correspond to a NT-degrading neutral metallopeptidase recently isolated from rat brain synaptic membranes. The enzyme acting at the Ile12-Leu13 bond has not yet been identified. Secondary cleavages occurring on NT degradation products were mainly generated by bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidases and post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. The content in NT-metabolizing peptidases present in rat fundus plasma membranes is compared with that previously established for purified rat brain synaptic membranes.
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PMID:Neurotensin-metabolizing peptidases in rat fundus plasma membranes. 329 47


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