Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The property of solutions of Triton X-114 to separate into detergent-rich and detergent-poor phases at 30 degrees C has been exploited to investigate the identities of the aminopeptidases in synaptic membrane preparations from pig striatum. When titrated with an antiserum to aminopeptidase N (EC 3.4.11.2), synaptic membranes solubilized with Triton X-100 revealed that this enzyme apparently comprises no more than 5% of the activity releasing tyrosine from [Leu]enkephalin. When assayed in the presence of puromycin, this proportion increased to 20%. Three integral membrane proteins were fractionated by phase separation in Triton X-114. Aminopeptidase activity, endopeptidase-24.11 and peptidyl dipeptidase A partitioned predominantly into the detergent-rich phase when kidney microvillar membranes were so treated. However, only 5.5% of synaptic membrane aminopeptidase activity partitioned into this phase, although the other peptidases behaved predictably. About half of the aminopeptidase activity in the detergent-rich phase could now be titrated with the antiserum, showing that aminopeptidase N is an integral membrane protein of this preparation. Three aminopeptidase inhibitors were investigated for their ability to discriminate between the different activities revealed by these experiments. Although amastatin was the most potent (IC50 = 5 X 10(-7) M) it failed to discriminate between pure kidney aminopeptidase N, the total activity of solubilized synaptic membranes and that in the Triton X-114-rich phase. Bestatin was slightly more potent for total activity (IC50 = 6.3 X 10(-6) M) than for the other two forms (IC50 = 1.6 X 10(-5) M). Puromycin was a weak inhibitor, but was more selective. The activity of solubilized membranes was more sensitive (IC50 = 1.6 X 10(-5) M) than that of the pure enzyme or the Triton X-114-rich phase (IC50 = 4 X 10(-4) M). We suggest that the puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase activity that predominates in crude synaptic membrane preparations may be a cytosolic contaminant or peripheral membrane protein rather than an integral membrane component. Aminopeptidase N may contribute to the extracellular metabolism of enkephalin and other susceptible neuropeptides in the brain.
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PMID:The metabolism of neuropeptides. Phase separation of synaptic membrane preparations with Triton X-114 reveals the presence of aminopeptidase N. 286 52

In addition to "enkephalinase" (EC 3.4.24.11), two enkephalin-hydrolyzing aminopeptidases recently identified in cerebral membranes--aminopeptidase M (EC 3.4.11.2) and a "puromycin-sensitive" aminopeptidase (also designated "MII" or "aminoenkephalinase")--are potentially involved in endogenous enkephalin inactivation. Their participation in the hydrolysis of the endogenous (Met5)enkephalin released by depolarization of slices from rat globus pallidus was assessed, using three inhibitory agents: bestatin, puromycin, and anti-aminopeptidase M antibodies. The selectivity and potency of these agents were first determined by evaluating their IC50 values for inhibition of [3H](Met5)enkephalin hydrolysis by increasingly complex preparations comprising semipurified aminopeptidases, pallidal membranes, and pallidal slices. Bestatin was a fairly potent inhibitor but lacked selectivity, as there was only a 3-fold difference between its IC50 values for the two aminopeptidases, and it displayed restricted diffusion and degradation in the slice preparation. Puromycin discriminated well between the two aminopeptidases (30-fold difference in IC50 values) and did not show any apparent restricted diffusion in the slice preparation. Antiaminopeptidase M antibodies were highly discriminant (greater than 300-fold difference in IC50 values for the two aminopeptidases) but displayed restricted diffusion. Analysis of the concentration-protection curves of the three agents for recovery of the (Met5)enkephalin released from pallidal slices in the presence of the "enkephalinase" inhibitor, thiorphan, indicated that both aminopeptidases participated in enkephalin degradation but that the role of aminopeptidase M was largely predominant, in contrast with its low relative activity in the preparation.
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PMID:Characterization of aminopeptidases responsible for inactivating endogenous (Met5)enkephalin in brain slices using peptidase inhibitors and anti-aminopeptidase M antibodies. 286 4

Two distinct enzymatic activities capable of hydrolyzing enkephalin are present in the brain. The major activity was shown to be a neutral aminopeptidase which hydrolyzes Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) with a Km of 2 X 10(-5) M. This activity was inhibited by heavy metal ions (i.e. Zn++, Cd++), by sulfhydryl blocking reagents, and by the antibiotics bacitracin and puromycin. In contrast, these two antibiotics had no effect on the hydrolysis of Leu-Enk by either rat serum or commercial leucine aminopeptidase. The integrity of both the glycosidic and peptide bonds in the puromycin molecule was required for its inhibitory activity. On the other hand, modifications of the sugar moiety had relatively little effect, allowing the design of puromycin analogs which were inactive with regard to protein synthesis inhibition but still capable of inhibiting brain aminopeptidase. Puromycin was also shown to inhibit enkephalin degradation by homogenates of guinea pig ileum and to prolong the depressant effect of enkephalin on the electrically induced contractions of the ileum. The second enzymatic activity in brain homogenate was found to sediment with the synaptic plasma membrane fraction and cleave Leu-enkephalin into Tyr-Gly-Gly and Phe-Leu with a Km of 2.2 X 10(-5) M and pH optimum between 6.5 and 7.0. This endopeptidase was inhibited by metal chelating agents and by thiols but was insensitive to puromycin and to p-chloromercuribenzoate. In contrast to the aminopeptidase some cleavage of (D-Ala2)Met-Enk x amide by the endopeptidase was observed.
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PMID:Inactivation of enkephalin by brain enzymes. 700 99