EC:3.4.24.11 - FACTA Search

Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Target Concepts:

Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe the pharmacological characteristics of SM-19712 (4-chloro-N-[[(4-cyano-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino]carbonyl] benzenesulfonamide, monosodium salt). SM-19712 inhibited endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) solubilized from rat lung microsomes with an IC50 value of 42 nM and, at 10 - 100 microM, had no effect on other metalloproteases such as neutral endopeptidase 24.11 and angiotensin converting enzyme, showing a high specificity for ECE. In cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells, SM-19712 at 1 - 100 microM concentration-dependently inhibited the endogenous conversion of big endothelin-1 (ET-1) to ET-1 with an IC50 value of 31 microM. In anesthetized rats, either intravenous (1-30 mg/kg) or oral (10-30 mg/kg) administration of SM-19712 dose-dependently suppressed the pressor responses induced by big ET-1. In acute myocardial infarction of rabbits subjected to coronary occlusion and reperfusion, SM-19712 reduced the infarct size, the increase in serum concentration of ET-1 and the serum activity of creatinine phosphokinase. The present study demonstrates that SM-19712 is a structurally novel, nonpeptide, potent and selective inhibitor of ECE, and SM-19712 is a valuable new tool for elucidating the pathophysiological role of ECE.
...
PMID:Pharmacological characterization of a novel sulfonylureid-pyrazole derivative, SM-19712, a potent nonpeptidic inhibitor of endothelin converting enzyme. 1104 47

CGS 26303 has previously been shown to inhibit human endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) with an IC50 of 410 nM and to be efficacious in several animal disease models. However, it is a more potent inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) with an IC50 of 1 nM. The aim of this study was to optimize CGS 26303 for greater potency and selectivity towards ECE-1 inhibition. The in vivo activity of the compounds was assessed by inhibition of the big endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced pressor response in anesthetized rats at 90 min after treatment with a dose of 10 mg/kg, i.v. Under these conditions, CGS 26303 inhibited the pressor response to big ET-1 by 50%. Replacement of the biphenyl and tetrazol groups in CGS 26303 with a dibenzofuran and carboxylic acid, respectively, yielded CGS 35066, a potent ECE-1 inhibitor having an IC50 of 22 nM. In contrast, these substitutions markedly weakened the NEP inhibitory activity of the compound to an IC50 of 2.3 microM. CGS 35066 also exhibited a potent and sustained ECE-1 inhibitory activity in vivo, blocking the pressor response to big ET-1 by 84%. Its orally active prodrug, CGS 35339, was obtained by introducing two phenyl groups at the phosphonic acid substituent in CGS 35066. Therefore, CGS 35066 and CGS 35339 represent novel compounds for assessing the pathogenic role of ET-1 overproduction in various disease states.
...
PMID:Design and synthesis of a potent and selective endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor, CGS 35066. 1107 30

The purpose of this study was to examine the pharmacologic properties of CGS 35066, a novel aminophosphonate inhibitor of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1). CGS 35066 inhibited the activity of human ECE-1 and rat kidney neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) in vitro with IC50 values of 22 +/- 0.9 nM and 2.3 +/- 0.03 microM, respectively. The in vivo effects of CGS 35066 were characterized in conscious, catheterized rats. At 30 and 120 min after treatment with vehicle, big endothelin-1 (big ET-1, 0.3 nmol/kg i.v.) produced increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 982 +/- 31 and 992 +/- 43 mmHg x min (area under the curve), respectively. Doses of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg i.v., of CGS 35066 blocked these pressor responses by 61 +/- 7, 78 +/- 4, 93 +/- 4 and 98 +/- 2% at 30 min (p < 0.05 compared with vehicle controls, all doses), and by 29 +/- 7, 63 +/- 5, 63 +/- 5 and 84 +/- 10% at 120 min (p < 0.05, all doses). In contrast, the pressor effect (58 +/- 6 mmHg) of angiotensin-I (300 ng/kg i.v.) was unaffected by the ECE-1 inhibitor (10 mg/kg i.v.) indicating the absence of activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme. In rats infused with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), CGS 35066, at 1 mg/kg, had no effect on plasma irANP; however, irANP levels were doubled at a dose of 30 mg/kg. These results demonstrate that CGS 35066 is the most potent and selective ECE inhibitor identified to date.
...
PMID:Pharmacological properties of CGS 35066, a potent and selective endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor, in conscious rats. 1107 31

The effects of CGS 26303, a dual inhibitor of endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11, and its prodrug, CGS 26393, on bovine cerebrovascular endothelial cells stimulated with hemolysate were investigated. Upon incubation with hemolysate for 48 h, cell density was significantly decreased, with concomitant increases in endothelin-1 (ET-1) (42 vs 11 pg/ml) and big ET-1 (79 vs 27 pg/ml) levels in culture medium when compared with controls. Simultaneous addition of CGS 26303 (10 and 100 microM) and hemolysate protected against cell loss and decreased cellular vacuolization caused by hemolysate. The levels of ET-1 and big ET-1 in the culture medium were decreased dose-dependently. More drastically, pretreatment with 100 microM CGS 26303 for 30 min decreased the production of ET-1 and big ET-1 by 94% and 87%, respectively, when compared with the untreated control. However, treatment with CGS 26393 was much less effective. These results suggest that suppression of ET-1 production by ECE inhibitors may prove to be efficacious for the treatment of hemolysate-induced cytotoxicity on cerebral endothelial cells.
...
PMID:Effects of endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitors on hemolysate-induced morphological changes and production of endothelin-1 in bovine cerebrovascular endothelial cells. 1107 66

Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP, CD10) is a cell-surface enzyme expressed by prostatic epithelial cells that cleaves and inactivates neuropeptides implicated in the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC). NEP substrates such as bombesin and endothelin-1 induce cell migration. We investigated the mechanisms of NEP regulation of cell migration in PC cells, including regulation of phosphorylation on tyrosine of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Western analyses and cell migration assays revealed an inverse correlation between NEP expression and the levels of FAK phosphorylation and cell migration in PC cell lines. Constitutively expressed NEP, recombinant NEP, and induced NEP expression using a tetracycline-repressive expression system inhibited bombesin- and endothelin-1-stimulated FAK phosphorylation and cell migration. This results from NEP-induced inhibition of neuropeptide-stimulated association of FAK with cSrc protein. Expression of a mutated catalytically inactive NEP protein also resulted in partial inhibition of FAK phosphorylation and cell migration. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that NEP associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated Lyn kinase, which then binds the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) resulting in an NEP-Lyn-PI3-K protein complex. This complex competitively blocks FAK-PI3-K interaction, suggesting that NEP protein inhibits cell migration via a protein-protein interaction independent of its catalytic function. These experiments demonstrate that NEP can inhibit FAK phosphorylation on tyrosine and PC cell migration through multiple pathways and suggest that cell migration which contributes to invasion and metastases in PC cells can be regulated by NEP.
...
PMID:Neutral endopeptidase inhibits prostate cancer cell migration by blocking focal adhesion kinase signaling. 1110 93

Phorbol esters induce apoptosis in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, which express neutral endopeptidase (NEP), but not in androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC) cells, which lack NEP expression. We investigated the role of NEP in PC cell susceptibility to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Western analysis showed that expression of NEP and protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) correlated with PC cell sensitivity to TPA-induced growth arrest and apoptosis in LNCaP cells and in TSU-Prl cells expressing an inducible wild-type NEP protein. Inhibition of NEP enzyme activity using the specific NEP inhibitor CGS24592, or inhibition of PKCdelta using Rottlerin at concentrations that inhibit PKCdelta but not PKCalpha, significantly inhibited TPA-induced growth inhibition and cell death. Furthermore, pulse-chase experiments showed PKCdelta is stabilized in LNCaP cells and in TSU-Pr1 cells overexpressing wild-type NEP compared with PC cells lacking NEP expression. This results from NEP inactivation of its neuropeptide substrates (bombesin and endothelin-1), which in the absence of NEP stimulate cSrc kinase activity and induce rapid degradation of PKCdelta protein. These results indicate that expression of enzymatically active NEP by PC cells is necessary for TPA-induced apoptosis, and that NEP inhibits neuropeptide-induced, cSrc-mediated PKCdelta degradation.
...
PMID:Neutral endopeptidase promotes phorbol ester-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting neuropeptide-induced protein kinase C delta degradation. 1111 39

Vascular resistance in the mammalian pulmonary circulation is affected by many endogenous agents that influence vascular smooth muscle, right ventricular myocardium, endothelial function, collagen and elastin deposition, and fluid balance. When the balance of these agents is disturbed, e.g. by airway hypoxia from high altitude or pulmonary obstructive disorders, pulmonary hypertension ensues, as characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure (P(PA)). Among neuropeptides with local pulmonary artery pressor effects are endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (AII), and substance P, and among mitigating peptides are calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), adrenomedullin (ADM), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and ET-3. Moreover, somatostatin28 (SOM28) exacerbates, whereas SOM14 decreases P(PA) in hypoxic rats, with lowering and increasing of lung CGRP levels, respectively. Pressure can also be modulated by increasing or decreasing plasma volume (VIP and ANP, respectively), or by induction or suppression of vascular tissue remodeling (ET-1 and CGRP, respectively). Peptide bioavailability and potency can be regulated through hypoxic up- and down- regulation of synthesis or release, activation by converting enzymes (ACE for AII and ECE for ET-1), inactivation by neutral endopeptidase and proteases, or by interaction with nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, altered receptor density and affinity can account for changed peptide efficacy. For example, upregulation of ET(A) receptors and ET-1 synthesis occurs in the hypoxic lung concomitantly with reduced CGRP release. Also, receptor activity modifying protein 2 (RAMP2) has been shown to confer ADM affinity to the pulmonary calcitonin-receptor-like receptor (CRLR). We recently detected the mRNA encoding for RAMP2, CRLR, and the CGRP receptor RDC-1 in rat lung. The search for an effective, lung selective treatment of pulmonary hypertension will likely benefit from exploring the imbalance and restoring the balance between these native modulators of intrapulmonary pressure. For example, blocking of the ET-1 receptor ET(A) and vasodilation by supplemental CGRP delivered i. v. or via airway gene transfer, have proven to be useful experimentally.
...
PMID:The role of endogenous lung neuropeptides in regulation of the pulmonary circulation. 1119 57

-To determine whether natriuretic peptides in addition to the renin-angiotensin system are involved in functional and structural vascular changes in salt-sensitive hypertension, we compared equipotent hypotensive treatment with the dual neutral endopeptidase/ACE inhibitor omapatrilat (35 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)) or the ACE inhibitor captopril (100 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)). The reactivity and geometry of mesenteric resistance arteries from Dahl salt-sensitive rats were studied in vitro under perfused and pressurized conditions. Chronic salt administration increased systolic blood pressure by 57+/-4 mm Hg, whereas concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide were reduced in heart and in plasma (P:<0.05). In addition, the medial cross-sectional area of small mesenteric arteries was increased and endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine and contraction in response to endothelin-1 were impaired in the mesenteric arteries of salt-sensitive rats on a high-salt diet (P:<0.05). Concomitant treatment with either omapatrilat or captopril reduced the increase in systolic blood pressure and hypertrophic remodeling to a similar degree (P:<0.05) but affected plasma and cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide levels differently (P:<0.05). In addition, omapatrilat normalized endothelium-dependent relaxations to a greater extent than captopril (P:<0.05). Furthermore, vasopeptidase inhibition increased cGMP levels compared with captopril (P:<0.05). Contractions to endothelin-1 were normalized by either antihypertensive drug. These results suggest that in the Dahl rat, with similar reductions in systolic blood pressure, omapatrilat is superior to captopril in preventing impaired endothelial function in small resistance arteries. Thus, vasopeptidase inhibition may have therapeutic advantages of the prevention of changes in vascular function and structure in salt-sensitive forms of hypertension.
...
PMID:Vasopeptidase Inhibition Prevents Endothelial Dysfunction of Resistance Arteries in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Comparison With Single ACE Inhibition. 1120 52

Omapatrilat represents a new class of drugs capable of inhibiting both ACE and neutral endopeptidase 24.11, the so-called vasopeptidase inhibitors. It therefore contributes to neurohumoral modulation, which might improve endothelial function in cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effect of omapatrilat in comparison to the ACE inhibitor captopril on systolic blood pressure and endothelial function in salt-induced hypertension. Dahl salt-sensitive rats (n=6/group) on standard or salt-enriched (4% NaCl) chow were treated for 8 weeks with either omapatrilat (36+/-4 mg/kg per day), captopril (94+/-2 mg/kg per day), or placebo. Aortic rings were then isolated and suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. Systolic blood pressure of salt-fed, placebo-treated animals increased to 196+/-6 mm Hg, which was prevented by omapatrilat (162+/-5 mm Hg, P<0.05) and captopril (164+/-7 mm Hg, P<0.05) to a comparable degree. In control rats, acetylcholine (10(-10) to 10(-5) mol/L) induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (97+/-4%), which was reduced by high-salt diet to 30+/-5% (P<0.005; n=6). Omapatrilat improved relaxation to a greater extent (86+/-5%) than did captopril (57+/-6%; P<0.05). eNOS protein expression and aortic nitrite/nitrate content were reduced in hypertensive rats and improved by both omapatrilat and captopril. Aortic endothelin-1 levels were increased in salt-fed animals and unaffected by omapatrilat or captopril. These data suggest that despite comparable blood pressure, omapatrilat is superior to captopril in improving endothelium-dependent relaxation in salt-sensitive hypertension.
...
PMID:Vasopeptidase inhibition exhibits endothelial protection in salt-induced hypertension. 1130 11

Adrenomedullin and endothelin are novel peptides that are produced in the blood vessel wall and have contrasting biologic actions. Both may play a pathophysiological role in atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure. It has also been suggested that both peptides may be metabolized by neutral endopeptidase and that pharmacological manipulation of this enzyme may be of therapeutic interest. We investigated the effect of thiorphan, a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, on the vasodilator response to adrenomedullin and the vasoconstrictor response to endothelin in small resistance arteries taken from patients with heart failure caused by coronary heart disease. Small resistance arteries were dissected from gluteal biopsy samples and studied with wire myography. Thiorphan did not affect the vasodilator response to adrenomedullin in arteries preconstricted with norepinephrine. Maximal responses were 66% (SD 11%) and 72% (8%) in the absence and presence of thiorphan, respectively (n=8). The vasoconstrictor response to endothelin was also unaffected. The maximum vasoconstrictor responses in the absence and presence of thiorphan were 152% (11%) and 132% (12%), respectively (n=8). The values of corresponding -log concentrations of agonist required to effect a 50% response (pD(2)) were 8.52 (0.11) and 8.64 (0.15), respectively. We showed that the inhibition of neutral endopeptidase does not augment the vasodilator and vasoconstrictor activities of adrenomedullin and endothelin, respectively, in small resistance arteries from patients with chronic heart failure. This suggests that neutral endopeptidase inhibition, as a therapeutic strategy, will enhance neither the potentially desirable vascular actions of adrenomedullin nor the potentially unfavorable vascular effects of endothelin-1 in human cardiovascular disease states.
...
PMID:Effect of neutral endopeptidase inhibition on the actions of adrenomedullin and endothelin-1 in resistance arteries from patients with chronic heart failure. 1156 14

<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>