Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 42-year-old patient had a stage III ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with areas of hepatoid carcinoma (HC) of clear cell and eosinophilic pseudoglandular type that was difficult to differentiate from endometrioid carcinoma of oxyphilic type and sex cord-stromal tumor. Immunohistochemically, endometrioid adenocarcinoma was positive for CA125, estrogen and progesterone receptors, CAM5.2, cytokeratin (CK) 7 and 19, and vimentin. HC areas were positive for hep par1, polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigens, CD10, alpha-fetoprotein, epithelial membrane antigens, and antimitochondrial antibodies and shared with endometrioid carcinoma focal CK7, and constant positive CK19, CAM5.2, and progesterone receptors. In the differential diagnosis, a hepatic immunophenotype of oxyphilic, mitochondriae-rich areas (demonstrated by antimitochondrial antibodies) was identified by HC specific (hep par1) and characteristic markers: canalicular, cytoplasmic and membranous polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigens, CD10 patterns, and alpha-fetoprotein). Trabecular and clear vacuolated areas of HC resembled luteinized cells of sex cord-stromal ovarian tumors, but the membranous positivity to CAM5.2 supported epithelial (hepatoid) identity. The partial preservation of an endometrioid immunophenotype in HC (positive CK7 and 19 and progesterone receptors) would support an origin from endometrioid carcinoma.
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PMID:Pseudoglandular hepatoid differentiation in endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary simulates oxyphilic cell change. 1875 70

The pathologic distinction of atypical fibroxanthomas (AFXs) from cutaneous spindle cell/sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinomas (SCSCCs) may occasionally pose a significant diagnostic challenge, given the substantial clinicopathologic overlap between these lesions. Recent studies indicate that p63 and CD10 are expressed in significant proportions of SCSCC and AFX, respectively. The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of CD10 and p63 in distinguishing cutaneous SCSCCs and AFXs. The immunohistochemical expression of p63, CD10, cytokeratin AE-1/3, cytokeratin 5/6 and a cytokeratin cocktail (Kermix) was evaluated in an archived group of 23 AFXs and 10 SCSCCs. CD10 was positive in 18/23 AFXs (78%), with most demonstrating strong and/or diffuse staining. Three of 23 AFXs (13%), all negative for cytokeratins, showed focal and weak nuclear staining for p63. Two of 23 AFXs (9%) demonstrated very focal or weak staining for only one cytokeratin; in both cases, p63 and CD10 were negative. One AFX was negative with all immunostains. CD10 was positive in 6/10 SCSCCs (60%), with half demonstrating strong and/or diffuse staining. P63 was positive in 9/10 SCSCCs (90%), with most demonstrating strong and diffuse staining. One SCSCC was negative for p63, but positive with two cytokeratin immunostains. In conclusion, the expression of any of the cytokeratins evaluated herein significantly distinguished AFX from SCSCC. CD10 used in isolation, however, was not useful in making this distinction (positive in 18/23 AFXs versus 6/10 SCSCCs, p=0.4). The addition of CD10 to a panel that includes p63 did not provide any additional information to that obtained from the latter alone. Overall, the most effective combination to distinguish AFX from SCSCC was p63 and cytokeratin AE-1/3. Positivity for both p63 and cytokeratin AE-1/3 was seen in 9/10 SCSCCs (90%) and was not observed in any of the 23 AFXs (p<0.0001). The usefulness of CD10 in this differential diagnosis is limited.
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PMID:Diagnostic utility of P63 and CD10 in distinguishing cutaneous spindle cell/sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinomas and atypical fibroxanthomas. 1878 30

Herein is presented a case of carcinosarcoma of the pancreas in an 82-year-old woman, analyzed on immunohistochemistry and K-ras sequence. The tumor, which arose in the pancreas head, was removed on pancreaticoduodenectomy. The patient died, however, of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome from postoperative sepsis 13 days later. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of malignant epithelial (well-differentiated adenocarcinoma cells) and mesenchymal (spindle-shaped tumor cells) components. The adenocarcinoma cells had positive immunostaining for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CEA and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), while focal staining of these proteins was observed in the sarcomatous cells. In contrast, the sarcomatous cells had diffuse immunostaining for vimentin, CD10 and p53, while these proteins were not expressed in the ductal adenocarcinoma cells. These findings support the dual characteristics of a carcinosarcoma. DNA sequencing of the present case indicated point mutations of K-ras in both codons 12 and 34 on exon 2. The latter mutation is likely to correlate with the sarcomatous characteristics of this tumor. The tumor cells had specific and diffuse positive staining for CD10 and p53, with features characteristic of rapid growth.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry and K-ras sequence of pancreatic carcinosarcoma. 1880 Oct 90

Recent molecular studies have indicated that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)-associated myoepithelial cells (MECs) show differences from MECs in normal breast tissue. Such alterations may influence the progression of DCIS to invasive cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate further phenotypic alterations in DCIS-associated MECs. Paraffin sections of 101 cases of DCIS (56 without and 45 with associated invasive carcinoma) were immunostained for 7 MEC markers: smooth muscle actin, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC), calponin, p63, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6, CD10, and p75. In each case, the distribution and intensity of staining for each marker in DCIS-associated MECs was compared with that in MECs surrounding normal ductal-lobular structures on the same slide. In 85 cases (84.2%), DCIS-associated MECs showed decreased expression of one or more MEC markers when compared with normal MECs. The proportion of cases that showed reduced expression was 76.5% for SMMHC, 34.0% for CD10, 30.2% for CK5/6, 17.4% for calponin, 12.6% for p63, 4.2% for p75, and 1% for smooth muscle actin. Reduced MEC expression of SMMHC was significantly more frequent in high grade than in non-high-grade DCIS (84.8% vs. 61.5% of cases, P=0.01). We conclude that DCIS-associated MECs show immunophenotypic differences from MECs surrounding normal mammary ductal-lobular structures. The biologic significance of this remains to be determined. However, these results indicate that the sensitivity of some MEC markers is lower in DCIS-associated MECs than in normal MECs. This observation should be taken into consideration when selecting MEC markers to help distinguish in situ from invasive breast carcinomas.
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PMID:Phenotypic alterations in ductal carcinoma in situ-associated myoepithelial cells: biologic and diagnostic implications. 2110 98

Renal oncocytoma (RO) is a characteristic benign renal tumor. The existence of malignant RO is controversial and anecdotal, partly due to a lack of specific markers for RO. With recent advances in immunohistochemistry, RO can be distinguished from other renal neoplasms with routine stains and with the aid of immunostaining. We report two cases of renal neoplasms with similar histopathological appearances. They were characterized by oncocytic cytoplasm, numerous intra-cytoplasmic vacuoles, uniform round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei with remarkably thick nuclear membranes and prominent nucleoli. The tumor cells were closely packed and disposed in an alveolar pattern. The neoplastic cells were diffusely reactive for CD117 and progesterone receptor, and diffusely or focally reactive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and focally reactive for cytokeratin 7, CD10, and racemase. The cells were non-reactive for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) antigen, vimentin, S100, and neuroendocrine markers. One tumor showed lymph node metastasis. Due to the remarkable cytological atypia, lymph node metastasis, and similar immunological features of RO, these two tumors likely represent a distinct subtype of RCC related to RO.
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PMID:Oncocytic renal cell carcinoma with immunohistochemical properties of renal oncocytoma. 1894 37

We have encountered 16 ovarian neoplasms of probable stromal origin whose most distinctive feature is microcystic change, which is usually conspicuous. On the basis of our extensive experience with ovarian tumors, the neoplasm is unique and warrants separate categorization; we have elected to designate it "microcystic stromal tumor" because of its most striking feature. The patients ranged from 26 to 63 (mean 45) years of age and typically presented with a pelvic mass. Hormonal manifestations were possibly present in only 2. All tumors were unilateral with a mean size of 8.7 (range: 2 to 27) cm and none had evidence of extraovarian spread. The tumors were solid-cystic (11 cases), solid (3 cases), or predominantly cystic (2 cases). The solid component was usually firm and tan or white-tan, but in 1 case was yellowish; soft foci were present in 3 cases and small foci of hemorrhage, necrosis, or both, in 3. On microscopic examination the appearance of the tumors varied according to the relative prominence of their 3 fundamental components: microcysts, solid cellular regions, and fibrous stroma. Microcysts dominated in 9 cases, were roughly equal to noncystic morphology in 5 cases and were minor in 2. The microcystic pattern was characterized by small rounded to oval cystic spaces, in areas coalescing to larger irregular channels; intracytoplasmic vacuoles were also frequently present. The solid cellular areas were usually focally intersected by fibrous bands and hyaline plaques reminiscent of thecoma. The cells contained moderately conspicuous finely granular, lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, with generally bland, round to oval or spindle-shaped nuclei with fine chromatin and small indistinct nucleoli. Foci of bizarre nuclei were, however, present in 10 cases. Mitotic rate was low in all cases, ranging from 0 to 2 mitoses/10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemical results were as follows: CD10, 16/16 cases positive; vimentin, 16/16 cases positive; inhibin, 1/16 cases weakly positive; calretinin, 1/16 cases positive; cytokeratin, 4/16 cases focally positive; and epithelial membrane antigen, 0/16 cases positive. Microcystic change can be observed in a wide variety of ovarian tumors and the broad potential differential diagnosis is discussed in the text. For tumors which have been well sampled and exhibit (1) a microcystic pattern and regions with lobulated cellular masses with intervening, sometimes hyalinized fibrous stroma, (2) an absence of morphologic features enabling any other specific diagnosis in the sex cord-stromal category, (3) an absence of epithelial elements, and (4) an absence of teratomatous or other germ cell elements, we propose the designation "microcystic stromal tumor." The characteristic immunophenotype is CD10/vimentin+/epithelial membrane antigen-, with focal cytokeratin-positivity in one-quarter of cases; inhibin and/or calretinin are usually negative. Seven patients with available follow-up are without evidence of disease at a mean of 4.25 years (range: 1.5 to 12.5 y) from the time of initial diagnosis. These tumors, to date, have occurred over a wide age range in postpubertal females, are characteristically unilateral, and confined to the ovary at presentation. They represent, in addition to the sclerosing stromal tumor (segregated out 3 decades ago), a distinctive subtype of ovarian tumor, likely also belonging to the stromal category based on current evidence.
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PMID:Microcystic stromal tumor of the ovary: report of 16 cases of a hitherto uncharacterized distinctive ovarian neoplasm. 1897 79

The author reports herein two cases of ductal adenoma of the breast with an emphasis on immunohistochemistry. Both cases (patient 1, 58-year-old woman; patient 2, 78-year-old woman) were clinically suspected as carcinoma, and core biopsies were 'indeterminate' or 'suspicious for malignancy'. Excisional biopsy and wide excision were performed. Histologically, both cases were ductal adenomas composed of ductal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells. Patient 1 had extensive apocrine metaplasia. Immunohistochemically, myoepithelial cells were noted in both cases; cytokeratin (CK) 14 and p63 were the most reliable myoepithelial markers, followed by CD10, alpha-smooth muscle actin and S100 protein. CK profile was as follows: positive expression of CK5/6, CK18, CK19, and high-molecular-weight CK, and negative expression of CK20. This CK profile was the same as that of non-tumorous ducts, suggesting that the CK profile does not alter in tumorigenesis. The tumor cells expressed p53 protein (case 1, positive cell percentage 5%; case 2, 7%), c-erbB2 (HER2/neu, 76%, 64%), CEA (5%, 0%), estrogen receptor (33%, 84%), but were negative for progesterone receptor. Ki-67 labeling was 5% and 3%, respectively. MUC apomucin expression was as follows: MUC1, 92%, 100%; MUC2, 0%, 0%; MUC5AC, 0%, 0%; and MUC6, 5%, 0%. Non-tumorous ducts expressed MUC1, but were negative for MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6.
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PMID:Ductal adenoma of the breast: immunohistochemistry of two cases. 1906 57

Carcinoma arising from Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus (RAS) is extremely rare; only eight cases have been reported in the literature. Herein is reported a case of minute adenocarcinoma arising in RAS. A 77-year-old Japanese man with gallbladder stones underwent cholecystectomy. A tiny submucosal tumor (1 cmx1 cm) was incidentally recognized. Histologically, the submucosal tumor was located in the subserosa and, to a lesser extent, in the fibromuscular layer. It was adenocarcinoma. RAS were recognized within the tumor, and there was a gradual transition between RAS and the adenocarcinoma. Mucin histochemistry indicated neutral and acidic mucins in the cytoplasm and lumens of the adenocarcinoma cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that the adenocarcinoma cells were positive for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, K-i67 (labeling=80%), MUC1, MUC5AC and MUC6. In contrast, the adenocarcinoma cells were negative for CEA, c-erbB2, p53 protein, MUC2 and CD10. In summary, minute subserosal adenocarcinoma, which arose in RAS, was found incidentally; therefore careful examination of resected gallbladders is necessary.
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PMID:Gallbladder adenocarcinoma arising in Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus. 1906 58

The human breast consists of lobes with a luminal glandular and a basal myoepithelial layer. Immunofluorescence studies have shown that the breast epithelium contains cytokeratin (CK)5/14-positive precursor cells which give rise to CK8/18-positive glandular or sm-actin-positive myoepithelial cells. Only some of the glandular cells contain estrogen receptors. The luminal epithelium of the lobules shows a much higher glandular differentiation than the ductal system. Diagnostically important cytokeratins of normal breast epithelium and its proliferative epithelial processes include luminal cytokeratins (CK7, CK8 and CK18) as markers of glandular differentiation and basal cytokeratins (CK5, CK14 and CK17) as markers of progenitor cells and early cells of the glandular and myoepithelial differentiation pathway. The most important myoepithelial markers are currently CD10, SMA, SMM-HC and Calponin.
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PMID:[Anatomy of the breast]. 1918 24

Reported herein are seven cases of a histologically distinct oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (OPRCC) with an inverted nuclear pattern. To define its prognostic significance, the clinicopathological features of OPRCC were compared to those of types 1 and 2 PRCC. The median age of the seven patients was 67 years. Grossly, tumors were well-circumscribed and small (1.2 cm +/- 0.4 cm). Microscopically, the OPRCC were composed of well-developed thin papillae, lined with a single layer of cuboidal-to-columnar oncocytic cells. The tumor cells had round-to-oval nuclei and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, which was strongly positive for anti-mitochondrial immunostaining. The nuclei were characteristically polarized toward the surface of the papillae and contained mostly small nucleoli. The tumors had high expression of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, CD15, CD117, cytokeratin (CK) 7, E-cadherin, epithelial membrane antigen, MOC 31, mucin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and vimentin, low expression of CD10 and Ki-67, and no expression of CK20. Genetically, gain of chromosomes 3p, 11q, and 17q, and loss of chromosome 4q was observed. All seven patients were alive with no recurrence or metastasis at a mean follow-up time of 37.1 +/- 23.7 months. In conclusion, OPRCC show unique pathological features with indolent clinical behavior and are more similar clinicopathologically to type 1 than to type 2 PRCC.
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PMID:Oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma with inverted nuclear pattern: distinct subtype with an indolent clinical course. 1926 Oct 90


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