Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Because ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors (SCST) are morphologically heterogeneous neoplasms that are relatively infrequently encountered, their diagnosis can be difficult. Immunohistochemical staining may be useful for establishing the diagnosis in problematic cases. We studied 53 ovarian SCSTs to characterize their immunohistochemical staining pattern: 17 adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), 4 juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs), 3 sex cord tumors with annular tubules (SCTATs), 9 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), 10 fibromas, 5 fibrothecomas (FTs), and 5 thecomas. In 8 of the 53 cases, the tissue studied was from a metastatic site. The immunopanel included calretinin, inhibin, WT1, cytokeratin cocktail, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6). The fibromas and FTs were also tested with CD10. The extent of staining was assessed in a semiquantitative fashion and ranked on a scale of 0 through 4+. All of the tumors, except for 1 metastatic SLCT, were positive for calretinin. Forty-five of the cases (85%) stained for inhibin; 1 metastatic AGCT, 3 fibromas, and 4 FTs were negative. WT1 was present in 39 tumors (74%), with expression most prominent in the SLCTs. The cytokeratin cocktail stained 23 of the 53 tumors (43%), whereas just 1 tumor was positive for EMA (1+ in a JGCT). All tumors were negative for CK5/6, and the 15 fibromas and FTs were negative for CD10. We conclude that because cytokeratin is frequently expressed by SCSTs, in particular by granulosa cell tumors, SLCTs, and SCTATs, the inclusion of EMA in a panel may help to exclude epithelial neoplasms. In addition, WT1, present in normal granulosa cells, is expressed by a majority of SCSTs. Finally, these results demonstrate that calretinin is at least as sensitive as inhibin for ovarian SCSTs overall and that it is more sensitive than inhibin for fibromas and FTs.
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PMID:Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors: an immunohistochemical study including a comparison of calretinin and inhibin. 1280 64

The diagnosis of primary clear cell carcinoma of the ovary or kidney is usually straightforward. However, problems in ascertaining the site of the primary tumor may arise when there is widespread metastatic disease or when clear cell carcinoma is present in both the ovary and kidney. In this study, the value of a panel of antibodies in distinguishing between an ovarian and renal clear cell carcinoma was evaluated. The panel comprised cytokeratin (CK)7 and 20, vimentin, estrogen receptor (ER), CD10, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) marker. Ovarian clear cell carcinomas (n=14) were positive with CK7 (14/14), vimentin (6/14), ER (2/14), and RCC marker (2/14). All were negative with CD10 and CK20. Renal clear cell carcinomas (n=14) were positive with CD10 (14/14), RCC marker (14/14), vimentin (7/14), CK7 (2/14), and CK20 (1/14). All were negative with ER. This panel allows clear cell carcinomas of the ovary and kidney to be distinguished with a high degree of certainty and is a useful adjunct to histologic examination. Primary ovarian clear cell carcinomas are characterized by CK7 positivity, whereas primary renal neoplasms are characterized by positivity for CD10 and RCC marker and negative staining with CK7.
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PMID:A panel of immunohistochemical stains assists in the distinction between ovarian and renal clear cell carcinoma. 1281 95

Uterine tumors resembling ovarian sex-cord tumors (UTROSCTs) are unusual neoplasms with histologic features that resemble those within ovarian Sertoli and granulosa cell tumors. We report the case of a 24-year-old woman with a UTROSCT presenting as a cervical mass, which on initial evaluation was thought to represent cervical adenocarcinoma. The patient's cervical biopsy specimen contained epithelioid cells arranged in tubules and anastomosing cords, without significant cellular atypia or mitotic activity. Because this morphology elicited a broad differential diagnosis, immunohistochemical studies were performed. The tumor was found to be diffusely positive for cytokeratin cocktail, calretinin, and desmin, focally positive for CK7 and SMA, and negative for EMA, CEA, inhibin, CD10, CK20, chromogranin, and synaptophysin. Ultrastructural examination revealed occasional gland-like lumens with cells joined by desmosomes and a continuous basal lamina. UTROSCTs have features that may cause them to be confused with more common tumors, especially in limited biopsy samples, and should be included in the differential diagnosis when a gland-forming neoplasm with an unusual appearance is identified in a cervical or endometrial biopsy specimen.
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PMID:Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex-cord tumor: report of a case mimicking cervical adenocarcinoma. 1281

We reviewed five cases of sclerosing perineurial tumor of the hand. Four patients were male and one was female with ages ranging from 11 years to 49 years (mean 26 years). The predominant reason for consultation at the outpatient clinic was a slowly growing painless mass. The sites of involvement were the thumb in two cases, and the ring finger, middle finger and palm in one case each. The lesions were hard and firm, well-circumscribed white masses with a fibrous consistency ranging from 1.2 cm to 4.0 cm (mean 2.5 cm) in maximum dimension. Microscopically, all the tumors were composed of thick collagen and variable numbers of small, epithelioid cells exhibiting corded, trabecular and whorled growth patterns. Electron microscopy showed long cytoplasmic processes with a discontinuous basal lamina and occasional pinocytotic vesicles in the tumor cells. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumor cells were positive for epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, collagen type IV and CD10, but not for S-100 protein, CD34, desmin and cytokeratin. We also observed that the tumor cells were positive for the human erythrocyte glucose transporter (GLUT1) antigen, suggesting that GLUT1 may be a useful marker for the identification of sclerosing perineurioma.
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PMID:Sclerosing perineurioma: a clinicopathological study of five cases and diagnostic utility of immunohistochemical staining for GLUT1. 1283 21

We immunohistochemically compared benign myoepithelial tumors (adenomyoepitheliomas [AMEs]) and metaplastic matrix-producing (MMP-CA) and spindle cell (MSC-CA) carcinomas of the breast to identify helpful diagnostic markers. Normal myoepithelial cells (MECs) consistently expressed cytokeratin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA), myosin, S-100, CD10, and maspin. They were variably positive for vimentin and negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), steroid receptors, p53, and HER-2/neu. MECs in AMEs less frequently expressed CD10 (4/8 [50%]) and myosin (6/8 [75%]) but frequently acquired characteristics of luminal cells, such as expression of EMA (5/8 [63%]) and steroid receptors (5/8 [63%]). No abnormal p53 or HER-2/neu expression was seen in AMEs. MMP-CA and MSC-CA were similar to AMEs in cytokeratin, vimentin, S-100, maspin, and HER-2/neu expression. MMP-CAs expressed less alpha-SMA (2/8 [25%]) and myosin (2/7 [29%]) and lacked estrogen receptor (0/9 [0%]). MSC-CAs were consistently CD10+ (4/4 [100%]) yet failed to express myosin (0/3 [0%]). p53 overexpression was seen frequently in MMP-CAs (4/8 [50%]) and MSC-CAs (1/3 [33%]). Benign myoepithelial mammary tumors differ immunophenotypically from normal MECs; a panel of immunohistochemical markers may be required to establish their myoepithelial origin. A similarly altered myoepithelial phenotype also is characteristic of metaplastic mammary carcinomas. The abnormal expression of oncogenes or antioncogenes, such as p53, may be more useful for distinguishing between those entities than the expression of the classic myoepithelial markers.
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PMID:Benign myoepithelial tumors of the breast have immunophenotypic characteristics similar to metaplastic matrix-producing and spindle cell carcinomas. 1293 44

Granulosa cell tumors of the ovary occasionally show admixed Sertoli components, just as tumors that are predominantly Sertoli or Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors can contain minor granulosa elements. Although the immunoprofiles of pure granulosa cell tumors and pure Sertoli cell tumors have been characterized, little is known regarding what immunophenotypic relationships exist between the granulosa and Sertoli components in ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors that contain both elements. Furthermore, it is not completely understood why sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary with female-type (granulosa) differentiation can produce male-type (Sertoli) differentiation. To better understand why simultaneous differentiation into female-type and male-type components occurs, eight tumors with mixed differentiation were stained with a panel of antibodies to androgen receptor (AR), calretinin, CD10, CD99, estrogen receptor, inhibin, Ki-67, low molecular weight cytokeratin, pancytokeratin, progesterone receptor, p53, and vimentin. Immunohistochemical composite scores were determined separately for the matched pairs of granulosa and Sertoli components in each case. Differences between both components were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. AR and vimentin expression showed a difference at the 10% statistical significance level (p < 0.1), demonstrating higher levels of expression in the granulosa components. The differences between the granulosa and Sertoli components in expression of CD99, inhibin, or pancytokeratin were not statistically significant (p > 0.1, each). Statistical calculations could not be made for calretinin, CD10, estrogen receptor, Ki-67, low molecular weight cytokeratin, progesterone receptor, or p53, although the overall mean levels of expression of CD10 and low molecular weight cytokeratin were substantially higher in the Sertoli components. Not surprisingly, the granulosa and Sertoli components of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors with mixed differentiation show overlapping immunophenotypic profiles consistent with derivation from a common lineage rather than reflecting a composite tumor. However, because components of a sex cord-stromal tumor simultaneously differentiate along granulosa or Sertoli lines, they seem to show preferential expression of certain antigens. CD10 and low molecular weight cytokeratin are more often associated with Sertoli cell differentiation, whereas AR and vimentin expression seem to reflect granulosa differentiation.
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PMID:Comparative immunohistochemical analysis of granulosa and sertoli components in ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors with mixed differentiation: potential implications for derivation of sertoli differentiation in ovarian tumors. 1508 44

Endometrial stromal sarcomas are low-grade malignant tumors that may pose a diagnostic challenge, especially when they are present in an extrauterine site. Owing to the presence of an arborizing vasculature and cells with an undifferentiated appearance, endometrial stromal sarcomas can be confused with several soft-tissue neoplasms. We studied 17 endometrial stromal sarcomas, eight hemangiopericytomas, 14 solitary fibrous tumors, and 16 synovial sarcomas immunohistochemically, detecting the following antigens: CD10, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, bcl-2, CD34, smooth muscle antigen, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). Most endometrial stromal sarcomas stained positively for CD10 (16/17), estrogen receptor (17/17), progesterone receptor (15/17), and bcl-2 (17/17). Staining with antismooth muscle antigen was seen in 11 of 17 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma, with more intense staining seen in areas showing smooth muscle differentiation. Staining with AE1/3 was seen in four of 17 endometrial stromal sarcomas, with two of the positive cases containing epithelioid cells. None of the endometrial stromal sarcomas expressed epithelial membrane antigen or CD34. More than half of the hemangiopericytomas (4/8) and solitary fibrous tumors (9/14) cases demonstrated CD10 expression either focally or in a patchy cytoplasmic and membranous pattern. Hemangiopericytomas, solitary fibrous tumors, and synovial sarcomas did not express estrogen receptor. Four of eight hemangiopericytomas and seven of 14 solitary fibrous tumors also showed patchy progesterone receptor expression. CD34 expression was identified in six of eight hemangiopericytomas and 13 of 14 solitary fibrous tumors, but we did not find expression of CD34 in synovial sarcoma. Differences between endometrial stromal sarcoma and other soft-tissue tumors were detected for all of the immunohistochemical markers (P<0.05), except anti-bcl-2 and AE1/3. Antibodies against CD10 mark a substantial number of hemangiopericytomas and solitary fibrous tumors (albeit not diffusely) and should always be combined with antiestrogen receptor and CD34 when the differential diagnosis includes endometrial stromal sarcoma. Unlike estrogen receptor antibodies, progesterone receptor antibodies show at least focal nuclear staining in most hemangiopericytomas, solitary fibrous tumors and rare synovial sarcomas, and are not useful for this differential diagnosis. All endometrial stromal sarcomas expressed bcl-2, mostly in a diffuse pattern, but this did not distinguish between endometrial stromal sarcoma and mimics. We therefore recommend the use of a small antibody panel comprising anti-CD10, anti-estrogen receptor, and anti-CD34 to distinguish endometrial stromal sarcomas from tumors with a predominant hemangiopericytomatous growth pattern.
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PMID:Distinction of endometrial stromal sarcomas from 'hemangiopericytomatous' tumors using a panel of immunohistochemical stains. 1530 19

A case of nodular histiocytic hyperplasia of the endometrium is described. A 45-year-old Japanese woman was found to have an enlarged uterus during her annual checkup. Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy specimens revealed uterine leiomyomas, adenomyosis, and acute salpingitis. A 5-mm, well-demarcated, elevated endometrial nodule (an incidental finding) was present and consisted of round or polygonal histiocytic cells with eccentric nuclei and pale or granular cytoplasm. The nuclei were ovoid, reniform, or crescent-shaped and had fine chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli, and the cytoplasm contained single or multiple vacuoles. Immunohistochemically, the histiocytic cells were positive for vimentin, CD68, and lysozyme and were negative for cytokeratin, S100 protein, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and CD10. Nodular histiocytic hyperplasia in the endometrium is considered to be a reactive process. Differentiation from neoplasms, including signet-ring cell carcinoma, in curettage specimens is critical to avoid unnecessary surgical resection.
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PMID:Nodular histiocytic hyperplasia of the endometrium. 1533 51

We investigated 20 spindle cell (sarcomatoid) metaplastic carcinomas (MCs) without squamous differentiation. In addition, five high-grade phyllodes tumors were assessed for comparison. Our immunohistochemical antibody panel included pan-cytokeratin (CK), low molecular weight CK (CK8/18), four basal cell type CKs (34betaE12, CK5/6, CK14, and CK17), vimentin antibodies, as well as antibodies to established (SMA, CD10, p63, S-100, maspin, calponin, GFAP, SM-myosin), and novel (CD29, 14-3-3sigma) myoepithelial markers. Sixteen of the 20 tumors (80%) expressed at least two markers of the combination CD10/p63/SMA. S-100 detected 1 case negative for CD10/p63/SMA and 3 cases that only expressed one marker of this combination. While 18 MCs (90%) were positive for CD29, 14-3-3sigma (11 cases) and maspin (9 cases) were observed in 55% and 45%, respectively. Antibodies to pan-CK and the basal cell type CKs were strongly reactive in 12 tumors (60%), but in 6 cases (30%) positivity for these markers was weak and only focal; 2 MCs showed no positivity for CK. The stromal component of all phyllodes tumors was positive for vimentin, whereas all other investigated markers were absent except for focal p63 and CD10 expression in 1 case each. Our findings convincingly show a myoepithelial immunophenotype in sarcomatoid MCs, which is demonstrated by the presence of basal cell type CKs and the combination of the established myoepithelial markers CD10, p63, SMA, and S-100. We conclude that tumors with weak or even absent CK expression should only be diagnosed as primary sarcomas of the breast after exclusion of a myoepithelial immunophenotype. CD29 and 14-3-3sigma represent valuable novel myoepithelial markers in these diagnostically difficult cases.
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PMID:Metaplastic breast carcinomas: are they of myoepithelial differentiation?: immunohistochemical profile of the sarcomatoid subtype using novel myoepithelial markers. 1572 3

We report a case of a renal metanephric adenoma in a 10-year-old boy, in which cytogenetic analysis showed a balanced translocation, t(9;15)(p24;q24) and a balanced paracentric inversion of chromosome 12, inv(12)(q13q15). Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed diffuse reactivity for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, CD57, and WT1; patchy reactivity for CD56; and focal reactivity for cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD10. Tumor cells were entirely nonreactive for alpha-methyl acyl coenzyme A racemase. Published cytogenetic data for metanephric adenomas are limited, and this is the first report of these cytogenetic abnormalities. The involvement of the chromosome region 9p24 is particularly interesting because of the recent identification of a tumor suppressor gene, KANK (kidney ankyrin repeat-containing protein), at this locus.
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PMID:Renal metanephric adenoma with previously unreported cytogenetic abnormalities: case report and review of the literature. 1574 2


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