Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most of the circulating lymphocytes from three asymptomatic adults (one male, two female, age range 61-67 years) with isolated persistent lymphocytosis of between 7.1 and 10 x 10(9)/l possessed characteristic villous projections of the cell membrane. Morphological, histochemical, ultrastructural, immunological, and genotypic studies confirmed a clonal proliferation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-negative CD5-CD10-CD25- and CD11c+ B-cells. In addition to CD11c, these cells expressed other adhesion receptors (LFA-1/CD11a, VLA-4/CD29/49d, ICAM-1/CD54, and LAM-1) and produced detectable amounts of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and in one case tumour necrosis factor-alpha mRNA. This monoclonal villous lymphocytosis (MVL) could be differentiated from B-cell chronic lymphocytic, prolymphocytic, and hairy cell leukaemias, and from previously recognized CD11c+ chronic B-cell leukaemia. A rare splenomegalic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma variant with circulating villous B-lymphocytes (SLVL), usually CD10+ and sometimes CD11c- and TRAP+, appears to be a closely related disorder. In all three patients the lymphocyte count increased very slowly, at a rate less than 5 x 10(9)/l per year, over 3-7.5 years of follow up, and a moderate splenomegaly eventually developed in one of the patients. Chemotherapy was never required. MVL may be a relatively benign clinical entity akin to SLVL within the group of CD11c+ B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders.
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PMID:Monoclonal lymphocytosis with villous lymphocytes: a chronic lymphoproliferative disease of CD11c+ B-cells. 168 36

In this study an amphotropic retrovirus has been used to efficiently transduce normal human (NF) and scleroderma (systemic sclerosis; SSc) dermal fibroblasts (SScF) with a sequence encoding a temperature-sensitive mutant of the SV40 large T antigen (tsA58-U19). From the primary outgrowths of skin explants, cultures were generated whose growth was stringently temperature-dependent. When grown at a low, permissive temperature (35 degrees C), both normal and SSc-transduced cells continuously divided with similar doubling times, whereas at a high, nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees C), division of both the NF and SScF cells was rapidly arrested. These cells have been passaged more than 50 times, have the typical morphological appearance of fibroblasts, and have retained an anchorage-dependent phenotype. The transduced normal cells (tsT-NF) synthesized the matrix molecules collagen and fibronectin and expressed phenotypic antigens characteristic of their nontransduced counterparts, including MHC Class I, VLA beta 1 (CD29), Hermes 1 (CD44), VLA-4 alpha (CD49d), ICAM-1 (CD54) and LFA-3 (CD58) and the cell surface ectoenzymes neutral endopeptidase (CD10), aminopeptidase N (CD13), and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26). Analysis of the transduced SSc fibroblasts (tsT-SScF) showed that these cells exhibited certain major features of the SSc pathology, notably the abnormally high synthesis of type I collagen, increased expression of ICAM-1, and depressed levels of CD26. Moreover, these phenotypic characteristics were retained even after prolonged culture in vitro. The tsT-SScF cells also retained their responsiveness to cytokines, since interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) both produced a marked increase in ICAM-1 expression. Our findings show that infection of SScF with the SV40 tsT antigen extends the life span of these cells and does not ablate their abnormal phenotypic and functional characteristics.
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PMID:Scleroderma-derived human fibroblasts retain abnormal phenotypic and functional characteristics following retroviral transduction with the SV40 tsT antigen. 755 50

Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMC) from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and normal donors were analyzed for immunophenotype and cytokine production. Both LTBMC adherent cells from myeloma and normal donor origin expressed CD10, CD13, the adhesion molecules CD44, CD54, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, very late antigen 2 (VLA-2), and VLA-5, and were positive for extracellular matrix components fibronectin, laminin, and collagen types 3 and 4. LTBMC from myeloma patients and normal donors spontaneously secreted interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, levels of IL-6 correlated with the stage of disease; highest levels of IL-6 were found in LTBMC from patients with active myeloma. To identify the origin of IL-6 production, LTBMC from MM patients and normal donors were cocultured with BM-derived myeloma cells and cells from myeloma cell lines. IL-6 was induced by plasma cell lines that adhered to LTBMC such as ARH-77 and RPMI-8226, but not by nonadhering cell lines U266 and FRAVEL. Myeloma cells strongly stimulated IL-6 secretion in cocultures with LTBMC adherent cells from normal donors and myeloma patients. When direct cellular contact between LTBMC and plasma cells was prevented by tissue-culture inserts, no IL-6 production was induced. This implies that intimate cell-cell contact is a prerequisite for IL-6 induction. Binding of purified myeloma cells to LTBMC adherent cells was partly inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against adhesion molecules VLA-4, CD44, and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) present on the plasma cell. Antibodies against VLA-4, CD29, and LFA-1 also inhibited the induced IL-6 secretion in plasma cell-LTBMC cocultures. In situ hybridization studies performed before and after coculture with plasma cells indicated that LTBMC adherent cells produce the IL-6. These results suggest that the high levels of IL-6 found in LTBMC of MM patients with active disease are a reflection of their previous contact with tumor cells in vivo. These results provide a new perspective on tumor growth in MM and emphasize the importance of plasma cell-LTBMC interaction in the pathophysiology of MM.
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PMID:Primary tumor cells of myeloma patients induce interleukin-6 secretion in long-term bone marrow cultures. 791 45

We have recently shown that two-color analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-anti-CD38 antibody could clearly distinguish myeloma cells (plasma cells) from other hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. Myeloma cells (plasma cells) alone were located at CD38strong positive (++) fractions. To further distinguish normal plasma cells from mature myeloma cells phenotypically, we examined immunophenotypes of normal plasma cells and myeloma cells by two-color flow cytometry with FITC-anti-CD38 antibody and phycoerythrin staining with antibody to VLA-4, MPC-1, CD44, CD56, CD19, CD20, CD24, or CD10. Normal plasma cells were all VLA-4+VLA-5+MPC-1+CD44+ CD19+CD56- in the bone marrows from seven healthy donors, tonsils from four patients with chronic tonsillitis, a spleen from one patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and lymph nodes from two patients with chronic lymphadenitis, respectively. On the other hand, mature myeloma cells (12 of 20 cases), VLA-4+VLA-5+MPC-1+, were all CD19- and most of them CD56+, and there were no myeloma cells with the CD19+CD56- phenotype in the 20 cases of myelomas we tested. Thus, as for the expression of CD19 and CD56, normal plasma cells from various tissues are all CD19+CD56-, whereas no myeloma cells have the CD19+CD56- phenotype. According to this finding, we investigated the expression of CD19 and CD56 on plasma cells (CD38++ fractions) in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Both CD19+CD56- and CD19-DC56+ plasma cells were found in all five cases of MGUS we tested, suggesting that MGUS consists of phenotypically normal plasma cells and myeloma cells. Therefore, it is reasoned that phenotypic analysis of plasma cells with anti-CD19 and anti-CD56 antibodies can distinguish normal plasma cells from malignant plasma cells (myeloma cells), and can detect malignant plasma cells even in MGUS or premyeloma states.
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PMID:Phenotypic difference of normal plasma cells from mature myeloma cells. 849 Jan 75

Comparative studies of the CD34+ cell population in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) may contribute to understanding the mechanisms involved in mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) from BM to PB. PB-CD34+ and BM-CD34+ cells in steady-state hematopoiesis and during granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration were studied for the expression of activation-associated, lineage-associated and adhesion-associated molecules and for their cloning capacity [granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (CFU-GM) and burst-forming unit-erythrocytes (BFU-E)]. G-CSF increased significantly the number of CD34+ cells in PB as well as in BM and resulted in a reduction of CD34+ cells coexpressing the adhesion-related molecule CD49d. Further, G-CSF reduced the relative number of lymphoid progenitors (CD34+ cells coexpressing CD10, CD19, CD20, CD2, or CD7) in both compartments. However, G-CSF had no major impact on the observed differences between PB-CD34+ and BM-CD34+ cells seen during steady-state hematopoiesis despite a relative decrease in PB and increase in BM of certain immature progenitors (CD34+DR- cells). Circulating CD34+ cells, even in steady-state, were enriched for colony-forming cells, and individual colonies appeared larger compared with their BM counterparts. PB-CD34+ cells contained relatively more myeloid progenitors (CD34+CD13+ cells) and fewer B lymphoid progenitors (CD10, CD19, and CD20 cells) than BM-CD34+ cells. CD34+DR-cells were present in a higher proportion of the CD34+ cells in PB than in BM. There were lower numbers of CD34+ cells expressing CD49d and c-kit in PB than in BM. To summarize, the differences between PB-CD34+ and BM-CD34+ cells observed during steady-state hematopoiesis were largely conserved during G-CSF administration. G-CSF, therefore, mainly has an effect on the quantity not the composition of the circulating CD34+ cell pool. Our data also suggest that the egress of HPCs from BM during steady-state hematopoiesis, as well as during G-CSF administration, is a selective process; that is, certain subsets are more prone to enter into circulation than others, and this release may be mediated via common pathway possibly involving downregulation of c-kit and VLA-4 (CD49d).
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PMID:Efflux of CD34+ cells from bone marrow to peripheral blood is selective in steady-state hematopoiesis and during G-CSF administration. 948 91

A novel human EBV-negative B-cell line, designated DOBIL-6, was established from a patient with non-secretary myeloma. The DOBIL-6 cell has cytoplasmic gamma protein and expresses CD19, 20, 38, 45RO, VLA-4 and PCA-1 antigens, but lacks CD10, 45RA and VLA5 antigens. Chromosome analysis showed that DOBIL-6 cells had many complex structural abnormalities, including t(11;4) (q13;q32), which were consistent with that of the fresh tumour cells. Interestingly, abundant interleukin-6 (IL-6) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) accumulated in the culture supernatant of DOBIL-6 cells. Hypercalcaemia and splenomegaly associated with plasma cell proliferations which resulted in the expansion of the light zones in the follicles were observed in DOBIL-6 transplanted nude mice. RT-PCR analysis detected mRNA for PTHrP, and IL-6 as well as its receptor (GP80) in DOBIL-6 cells. Treatment of the DOBIL-6 cells with neutralizing anti-IL-6 antibody inhibited their growth in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the addition of exogenous IL-6 stimulated it in serum-depleted conditions. These findings suggest that both IL-6 and PTHrP are produced in DOBIL-6 cells, and that IL-6 promotes its growth by an autocrine mechanism. Since IL-6 is known to stimulate not only the growth of B-cell neoplasms but also osteoclastic bone resorption by cooperating with PTHrP, this simultaneous production of IL-6 and PTHrP might be synergistically linked and play a role in the development of hypercalcaemia of the patient. The DOBIL-6 cell is a useful tool to clarify the mechanism of hypercalcaemia associated with mature B-cell neoplasms.
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PMID:A novel mature B-cell line (DOBIL-6) producing both parathyroid hormone-related protein and interleukin-6 from a myeloma patient presenting with hypercalcaemia. 967 42

Although the use of allogeneic transplants of peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells (PBSCs) is increasing, the precise mechanism of PBSC mobilization has not yet been fully clarified. We examined the expression of some adhesion molecules on CD34+ cells from steady-state bone marrow (BM), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized PBSCs, and cytotoxic drugs plus G-CSF-mobilized PBSCs. Irrespective of mobilization method, very late antigen (VLA)-4 expression on circulating CD34+ cells was significantly lower than on steady-state BM CD34+ cells. To elucidate the influence of lineage commitment on VLA-4 expression of circulating CD34+ cells, we analyzed VLA-4 expression on different subsets of CD34+ cells with or without CD33, CD38, CD5, or CD10 antigens, or Glycophorin A in G-CSF-mobilized PBSCs and steady-state BM from related donors, using 3-color flow cytometry. VLA-4 on circulating CD34+ subsets was less expressed than on each corresponding subset of steady-state BM CD34+ cells. Furthermore, VLA-4 positive rates showed no significant difference among the CD34+ subsets. Finally, the data comparing CD34+ cells from steady-state and G-CSF-mobilized PBSCs revealed no differences in terms of VLA-4 expression. These data suggest that reduced expression of VLA-4 may be a result of peripheralization of CD34+ cells from bone marrow, which occurs in a G-CSF- and lineage-independent fashion.
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PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and lineage-independent modulation of VLA-4 expression on circulating CD34+ cells. 1090 51