Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using a series of phenotypic markers that include immunoglobulin (Ig)D, IgM, IgG, CD23, CD44, Bcl-2, CD38, CD10, CD77, and Ki67, human tonsillar B cells were separated into five fractions representing different stages of B cell differentiation that included sIgD+ (Bm1 and Bm2), germinal center (Bm3 and Bm4), and memory (Bm5) B cells. To establish whether the initiation of somatic mutation correlated with this phenotypic characterization, we performed polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequence analysis of the Ig heavy chain variable region genes from each of the B cell subsets. We studied the genes from the smallest VH families (VH4, VH5, and VH6) in order to facilitate the mutational analysis. In agreement with previous reports, we found that the somatic mutation machinery is activated only after B cells reach the germinal center and become centroblasts (Bm3). Whereas 47 independently rearranged IgM transcripts from the Bm1 and Bm2 subsets were nearly germline encoded, 57 Bm3-, and Bm4-, and Bm5-derived IgM transcripts had accumulated an average of 5.7 point mutations within the VH gene segment. gamma transcripts corresponding to the same VH gene families were isolated from subsets Bm3, Bm4, and Bm5, and had accumulated an average of 9.5 somatic mutations. We conclude that the molecular events underlying the process of somatic mutation takes place during the transition from IgD+, CD23+ B cells (Bm2) to the IgD-, CD23-, germinal center centroblast (Bm3). Furthermore, the analysis of Ig variable region transcripts from the different subpopulations confirms that the pathway of B cell differentiation from virgin B cell throughout the germinal center up to the memory compartment can be traced with phenotypic markers. The availability of these subpopulations should permit the identification of the functional molecules relevant to each stage of B cell differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of somatic mutation in five B cell subsets of human tonsil. 800 91

Ten cases of classic centrocytic lymphoma as defined in the Kiel classification system were investigated for their immunophenotype, their proliferation activity and by means of molecular diagnostics. The findings were compared to those obtained from a group of nine cases of anaplastic centrocytic lymphoma. Both groups showed virtually identical immunohistochemical characteristics with positivity for CD5 and negativity for CD10 and CD23. In the group of anaplastic centrocytic lymphoma, there were considerably higher proliferation indices as documented by staining for the Ki-67 antigen, up to 80% of the tumour cells being positive. Moreover, the cases of anaplastic centrocytic lymphoma had bcl-1 gene rearrangements in eight out of nine cases compared with three out of 10 cases of classic centrocytic lymphoma. DNA analysis was not able to detect bcl-2 gene rearrangement in any case, pointing to a difference compared with lymphomas of germinal centre origin. The coincidence of anaplastic and sometimes blast-like morphology of the tumour cells, high proliferation index and a rearranged bcl-1 gene in nearly all cases of anaplastic centrocytic lymphoma support their classification as high-grade malignant variants of centrocytic lymphoma and suggest a possible role for the bcl-1 locus not only in the origin but also in the progression of centrocytic lymphomas.
 ...
PMID:The anaplastic variant of centrocytic lymphoma is marked by frequent rearrangements of the bcl-1 gene and high proliferation indices. 804 22

The use of different viral promoters for the expression of the EBNA1 gene product appears to be a critical step in the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus latent gene expression and may reflect the extent of differentiation of B-cell hosts. Low-passage Burkitt lymphoma cell lines resemble immature B cells in that they express CD10 (CALLA) and do not express B-cell activation antigens. In these cells, transcription from a promoter located in the BamHI F fragment of the viral genome results in the exclusive expression of EBNA1, referred to as the latency I pattern of viral gene expression. In contrast, high-passage Burkitt lymphoma cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines resemble activated B cells in that they do not express CD10 but do express activation antigens such as CD23. In these cells, the use of two promoters located in the BamHI W and C fragments of the viral genome leads to the expression of all six EBNA gene products (latency III). We have found that four human B-cell lines, DB, LBW2, LBW14, and Josh 7, stably express a pattern of B-cell differentiation antigens intermediate between those found in latency I and latency III cell lines and characterized by the coexpression of CD10 and CD23. The pattern of EBNA1 promoter usage in these cell lines was examined to determine whether their intermediate cellular phenotype was reflected in their patterns of viral gene expression. DB, LBW2, and LBW14 utilize both the BamHI F promoter region and BamHI W promoter region to transcribe the EBNA1 gene. This stable pattern of mixed promoter usage for the expression of the EBNA gene products in B cells has not previously been described. In addition, these three B-cell lines expressed lower levels of the viral latent gene product EBNA2 than those typically observed in latency III cells. The lower levels of activation of viral and cellular promoters known to be regulated by EBNA2 also correlated with the reduced levels of EBNA2 expression in these cells. These included the viral LMP1 and LMP2A promoters and the cellular CD23B promoter. The fourth B-cell line, Josh 7, expressed EBNA1 mRNAs derived from both the BamHI W promoter and BamHI C promoter, similar to latency III cells. The intermediate cellular phenotype in Josh 7 cells appeared to be due, in part, to a deficiency in the expression of viral LMP1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Dual EBNA1 promoter usage by Epstein-Barr virus in human B-cell lines expressing unique intermediate cellular phenotypes. 808 80

A B-cell line was established from the liver of an 11-yr-old boy with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). The cells were morphologically heterogenous, CD10 (CALLA) negative, and expressed several B-cell antigens, including CD23, in a manner reminiscent of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) reported in the literature. However, the cells also showed expression of the CD77 antigen, carried a 14q32+ chromosomal anomaly, and showed IgM-kappa immunoglobulin isotype restriction immediately after their outgrowth in culture. These latter properties are typically associated with Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines rather than LCLs. Aberrant expression of the L60 antigen on these B-cells was found as additional evidence of altered growth regulation in these cells. EBV infection was demonstrated by the abundant expression of EBNA-2 and LMP viral antigens in culture. The cell line described should be useful in planning in vitro experiments designed to understand the factors that modulate the growth of PTLD in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Morphologic and immunophenotypic characterization of a cell line derived from liver tissue with Epstein-Barr virus associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. 808 5

Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) is a low-grade disorder that regularly presents with peripheral blood involvement. We describe the immunophenotype of the circulating cells from 100 SLVL patients whose disease has been characterized on clinical, morphologic, and histologic grounds. Cells from all cases expressed B-cell antigens (CD19 and CD37) and/or HLA-Dr and showed light chain restriction (kappa/lambda: 1.5/1) with moderate to strong intensity of membrane Ig staining. Cells from most cases (> 80%) were CD24+, FMC7+, and expressed strongly membrane CD22. The monoclonal antibodies CD10, CD23, and CD38 were positive in one-third of the cases; CD11c in 47%; and CD25 in 25% of cases. A minority of cases (< 20%) were positive with HC2, B-ly-7, and CD5. However, none of the 19 CD5+ cases had the phenotype characteristic of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CD5+, CD23+, FMC7-, weak surface Ig and membrane CD22). None of the 17 CD25+ cases had the immunophenotype typical of hairy cell leukemia (CD25+, CD11c+, HC2+, B-ly-7+). HC2 and B-ly-7 were the most useful reagents to distinguish SLVL from hairy cell leukemia. Our findings demonstrate that SLVL has a distinct immunologic profile and that monoclonal antibodies are important for the differential diagnosis between this disease and other B-lymphoproliferative disorders with which SLVL can be confused.
 ...
PMID:The immunophenotype of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and its relevance to the differential diagnosis with other B-cell disorders. 812 45

The cell line described here was established for a 50-year-old male patient with rapidly progressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma whose marrow was diffusely infiltrated with large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Immunophenotyping of marrow blasts and peripheral lymphocytes was positive for CD56, CD2 and CD7, and negative for CD3. Cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at an effector: target (E:T) cell ratio of 50:1 was 79% against K562 cells and 48% against Daudi cells. To establish the line, cells from the peripheral blood were placed into enriched alpha medium containing 12.5% fetal calf serum, 12.5% horse serum, 10(-4) M beta-mercaptoethanol and 10(-6) M hydrocortisone. Growth of the line (termed NK-92) is dependent on the presence of recombinant IL-2 and a dose as low as 10 U/ml is sufficient to maintain proliferation. Conversely, cells die within 72 h when deprived of IL-2; IL-7 and IL-12 do not maintain long-term growth, although IL-7 induces short-term proliferation measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. None of the other cytokines tested (IL-1 alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma) supported growth of NK-92 cells which have the following characteristics: surface marker positive for CD2, CD7, CD11a, CD28, CD45, CD54, CD56bright; surface marker negative for CD1, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD34, HLA-DR. DNA analysis showed germline configuration for T-cell receptor beta and gamma genes. CD25 (p55 IL-2 receptor) is expressed on about 50% of all cells when tested at 100 U/ml of IL-2 and its expression correlates inversely with the IL-2 concentration. The p75 IL-2 receptor is expressed on about half of the cells at low density irrespective of the IL-2 concentration. NK-92 cells kill both K562 and Daudi cells very effectively in a 4 h51-chromium release assay (84 and 86% respectively, at an E:T cell ratio of 5:1). The cell line described here thus displays characteristics of activated NK-cells and could be a valuable tool to study their biology.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of a human cell line (NK-92) with phenotypical and functional characteristics of activated natural killer cells. 815 60

A human pro-B cell line, named JKB-1, was established from the bone marrow of a 16-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in relapse. The origin of the JKB-1 cell line was indicated by its chromosomal and immunologic similarity to the patient's fresh leukemic cells. This cell line has been growing for more than 14 months in suspension culture medium and had a doubling time of about 24 hours. JKB-1 expressed terminal deoxynucleotide transferase (TdT) and early antigens (HLA-DR, CD19, CD24) of B cells, with heavy chain gene rearrangement. However, it did not express late antigens (CD10, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23) of B cells, light chain gene rearrangement, and cytoplasmic mu-chain. These results suggested that JKB-1 is at the stage of "pro-B" cell or early B-cell precursors. This cell line was induced to differentiate after 7 days of co-incubation with irradiated bone marrow stromal cells because of the expression of pre-B cell antigens (CD10, CD20), cytoplasmic mu-chain, light chain gene rearrangement, and disappearance of TdT, JKB-1 cells adhered to a preestablished bone marrow stromal cell layer with string-like processes under scanning electron microscope. When JKB-1 cells were separated from the stromal layer by a cyclopore membrane with 0.45 micron pore size, they did not differentiate. Bone marrow stromal cell conditioned medium could not induce differentiation either. Thus it was suspected that direct contact between JKB-1 cells and stromal cells was required for differentiation. In methylcellulose semisolid medium, the colony size and number of JKB-1 cells were increased by stem cell factor (SCF), or interleukin (IL)-3, or IL-7, but they were decreased by IL-6. Moreover, SCF synergized with IL-3 or IL-7 to stimulate the proliferation of JKB-1 cells. Because there are very few reproducible models for examining early stages of human B-cell differentiation, the JKB-1 cell line would be useful for studying the relationship between human B-cell differentiation and bone marrow microenvironment, as well as leukemogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Establishment of a human pro-B cell line (JKB-1) and its differentiation of preestablished bone marrow stromal cell layer. 817 77

High-grade B-cell-type non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are observed in 5% to 8% of patients positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. Nearly all cases belong to one of the three major histologic types: centroblastic or large noncleaved cell, immunoblastic and Burkitt's lymphoma, or small noncleaved cell. Some cases that are polymorphic are termed high-grade B-cell, not otherwise specified (NOS). The authors determined the immunophenotype of each histologic category of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-Hodgkins' lymphoma and sought a relationship with the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). B-cell differentiation antigens, activation marker expression (human leukocyte antigen-DR, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD25, CD30, CD38), and epithelial membrane antigen were analyzed. The clonality was determined by the detection of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin, surface immunoglobulin, and the analysis of joining region (JH) immunoglobulin gene configuration by Southern blot. Epstein-Barr virus was detected either by Southern blot analysis using BamHI W probe fragment or by in situ hybridization with EBV-encoded RNA transcripts-1 specific probe. The immunophenotypic and genotypic results were compared with the morphology results and with the presence or absence of EBV. Burkitt's lymphomas were associated with EBV in 50% of cases, were monoclonal, and expressed mostly immunoglobulin (Ig) MK, CD10, CD19, CD20, CD22, and CD38. This immunophenotypic profile closely resembled those of the centroblastic cases (large noncleaved cell), in which EBV was absent. Epstein-Barr virus was associated with 90% of immunoblastic cases, and only CD10, CD20, and CD38 were expressed. CD71 was expressed in all categories of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and CD21 and CD23 were rarely expressed. Two cases of immunoblastic lymphoma and one case of high-grade B-NOS were polyclonal regarding JH rearrangement, but EBV tested with 1.9-Kb Xhol fragment was clonal. No significant immunophenotypic changes were noted in relation to the presence of EBV. Such studies comparing morphology, immunophenotype, and genotype could help classify and better understand the pathogenesis of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:Immunophenotypic and genotypic analysis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Correlation with histologic features in 36 cases. French Study Group of Pathology for HIV-Associated Tumors. 820 68

The authors studied 56 cases of diffuse low-grade B-cell lymphoma using frozen tissue sections and a large panel of monoclonal antibodies that distinguish subsets of normal B cells. They compared the immunophenotypes with the histologic subtypes defined by the Rappaport classification, Working Formulation, and Kiel classification to correlate antigen expression with the morphologic subtypes defined in these classification schemes and to define the contribution of immunophenotype to clinically relevant subclassification. All categories in all classifications showed some heterogeneity of antigen expression; however, antigen expression correlated better with four major subgroups defined by the Kiel classification: (1) CD5+ CD10- CD23+ CD43+: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); (2) CD5+ CD10-/+CD23- CD43+: centrocytic (mantle cell) lymphoma; (3) CD5- CD10+/- CD23-/+ CD43-: centroblastic/centrocytic (CB/CC) lymphoma; and (4) CD5- CD10- CD23-/+CD43-/+: immunocytoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type, and monocytoid B-cell lymphoma. These subgroups had distinctive clinical features. Patients with centrocytic lymphoma were predominantly male (5.5:1) and had a significantly worse probability of survival than those with either CLL or MALT-type lymphoma (P = 0.001). The group with CB/CC lymphoma had an equal male-female ratio and an intermediate prognosis. Most patients with MALT-type and nodal monocytoid B-cell lymphomas were female (2:1); the disease-free survival for patients with extranodal MALT-type lymphoma was significantly better than that for all patients with other lymphoma subtypes except CB/CC (P < 0.01). The group with non-MALT immunocytoma had a slight male predominance, a high frequency of monoclonal gammopathy, and an intermediate prognosis. In differential diagnosis, CD23 was useful in distinguishing B-cell CLL from centrocytic lymphoma (P < 0.0001); CD5 (P < 0.0001), CD6 (P < 0.005), and CD43 (P < 0.0001) distinguish centrocytic lymphoma from CB/CC lymphoma; and CD10 (P < 0.005), CD43 (P = 0.06), Leu-8 (P = 0.08), and Ig heavy chain (P = 0.01) may help distinguish CB/CC lymphoma from immunocytoma, monocytoid B-cell lymphoma, and MALT-type lymphoma. Differences in antigen expression and clinical features among these Kiel classification subgroups suggest that they represent distinct biologic entities. The Working Formulation categories do not delineate these diseases clearly.
 ...
PMID:Diffuse low-grade B-cell lymphomas. Four clinically distinct subtypes defined by a combination of morphologic and immunophenotypic features. 821 30

Two cell lines were originated from the peripheral blood (PB-LAM) and bone-marrow (BM-LAM) of a patient with Burkitt-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia and AIDS. 26 and 7 clones were isolated from PB-LAM and BM-LAM respectively by limiting dilution. All of these had surface IgM lambda and the CD10 marker with low to absent CD23, CD30, CD39 and surface adhesion molecules. Furthermore, they shared the same chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 7 and t(8;14) translocation) and the same rearrangements of immunoglobulin L and H chain and of c-myc gene loci. These features are those most frequently found in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cells and were different from those of the parental cell lines, which, besides cells identical to those of the malignant clones, also contained normal lymphoblastoid cells. Therefore, the cloning procedure used selected for the growth of cells with malignant features. EBV latent antigens were detected in all clones by Western blotting and their pattern of expression resembled that usually observed in BL cells. All the clones were positive for the EBV genome by Southern blotting and had monomorphic EBV-fused termini as determined by using cDNA probes specific for sequences at either end of the viral genome. However, the clones derived from PB-LAM had EBV fused termini of a different size from that of the clones derived from BM-LAM. The presence of different EBV-fused termini in otherwise monoclonal malignant cells indicate that EBV infection was possibly a late event in lymphomagenesis following rearrangement of the c-myc and the Ig gene loci.
 ...
PMID:Cytogenetic rearrangement of C-MYC oncogene occurs prior to infection with Epstein-Barr virus in the monoclonal malignant B cells from an AIDS patient. 838 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>