Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We previously described the existence of a tonsillar IgD- B cell subset with memory B cell features. To test the possibility that these cells could derive from germinal center (GC) B cell precursors, we examined the proliferation, differentiation, and phenotype of GC B cells after culturing with either anti-CD40 Abs or activated T cells, presumably mimicking the signals received by centrocytes in the light zone of GC. We show in this work that GC B cells proliferate and secrete Igs in both activation systems, thus indicating that CD40 ligation is also required for differentiation of GC B cells along the plasmacytoid pathway. T cell-dependent activation of GC B cells induced down-regulation of most GC-related markers (CD10, CD38, and CD77) and up-regulation of CD44 and CD62-L which are both expressed on the putative memory B cells subset. Moreover, T cell-mediated stimulation of GC B cells resulted in the strong induction of CD5 and up-regulation of APO-1/Fas (CD95). In contrast, stimulation performed with immobilized anti-CD40 Abs did not affect expression of CD10 and CD38 and failed to induce CD62-L and CD5, suggesting that the CD40 signaling pathway is necessary but not sufficient for the development of memory B cells. CD95 ligation on GC B cells was found to antagonize the stimulatory effect of immobilized anti-CD40 Abs on their proliferation, survival, and Bcl-2 expression. The possible role of CD95 in the expansion and selection of the Ag-activated B cell clones in GC is discussed.
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PMID:Regulation of germinal center B cell differentiation. Role of the human APO-1/Fas (CD95) molecule. 753 29

Plasma cells represent the final stage of B lymphocyte differentiation. Most plasma cells in secondary lymphoid tissues live for a few days, whereas those in the lamina propria of mucosa and in bone marrow live for several weeks. To investigate the regulation of human plasma cell survival, plasma cells were isolated from tonsils according to high CD38 and low CD20 expression. Tonsillar plasma cells express CD9, CD19, CD24, CD37, CD40, CD74, and HLA-DR, but not CD10, HLA-DQ, CD28, CD56, and Fas/CD95. Although plasma cells express intracytoplasmic Bcl-2, they undergo swift apoptosis in vitro and do not respond to CD40 triggering. Bone marrow fibroblasts and rheumatoid synoviocytes, however, prevented plasma cells from undergoing apoptosis in a contact-dependent fashion. These data indicate that fibroblasts may form a microenvironment favorable for plasma cell survival under normal and pathological conditions.
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PMID:Bcl-2+ tonsillar plasma cells are rescued from apoptosis by bone marrow fibroblasts. 855 Dec 26

We have identified and isolated a subpopulation of IgD+ B cells (IgD+CD38+ B cells) from human tonsils which expresses the germinal center (GC)-associated surface markers CD10, CD38, CD75, CD77 and Cd95/Fas. The heterogeneity of expression of several markers on IgD+ CD38+ B cells suggests that this population can be further subdivided into two discrete subtypes. On a functional basis, IgD+ CD38+ B cells behave as GC B cells as they rapidly and spontaneously undergo apoptosis in vitro and cannot be stimulated to synthesize DNA upon cross-linking of the antigen receptor. However, in contrast with most GC B cells, IgD+ CD38+ B cells have not completed Ig class switching since they predominantly secrete IgM following stimulation in vitro and lack surface expression of secondary isotypes. Immunoenzymatic staining performed on tonsil tissue sections revealed that IgD+ CD38+ B cells are located in two distinct histological structures: within the GC of a few classical secondary follicles, in which they appear as scattered cells, and within rare atypical GC, homogeneously constituted of IgD+ B cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that IgD+ CD38+ B cells constitute a novel subset of GC B cells. The possibility that these cells could represent an early stage of the follicular reaction or be generated in response to certain bacterial carbohydrate antigens is discussed.
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PMID:Identification of a tonsil IgD+ B cell subset with phenotypical and functional characteristics of germinal center B cells. 876 11

B lymphocytes undergo affinity maturation of their antigen receptors within germinal centers. These anatomical structures develop in secondary lymphoid organs from the clonal expansion of a few antigen-specific founder B cells, whose isolation and characterization are reported here. Human germinal center founder cells express the naive B cell markers surface IgM and IgD as well as the germinal center B cell markers CD10 and CD38. They express low levels of Bcl-2, high levels of Fas, and undergo rapid apoptosis in culture. The smaller nonproliferating sIgM+IgD+CD38+ B cells displayed a lower level of somatic mutation in their immunoglobulin variable region genes compared with the large proliferating ones. Unmutated sIgM+IgD-CD38+ tonsillar B cells may thus represent germinal center founder cells in which the program for apoptotic cell death is triggered before the onset of somatic mutation, allowing the selection of the germline antibody repertoire at an early stage.
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PMID:Germinal center founder cells display propensity for apoptosis before onset of somatic mutation. 905 56

In order to clarify the action of the bcr-abl, a growth factor dependent human leukemic cell line (HSM-911) was transfected with p210bcr-abl or bcr-v-abl by electroporation. The cells transfected with bcr-v-abl, but not the cells transfected with p210bcr-abl, became growth factor independent. Some clones of the cells transfected with p210bcr-abl demonstrated cellular maturation (nuclear segmentation, becoming positive for naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase, the disappearance of CD34 expression and the appearance of glycophorin A and CD10 expression). Moreover, these clones transfected with p210bcr-abl demonstrated apoptosis (increased expression of Fas and DNA ladder formation suggesting apoptotic DNA fragmentation). These findings demonstrated the different actions of p210 bcr-abl and bcr-v-abl, the former of which gave the cells the characteristics of maturation like the cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia, and the latter of which rendered the cells grow autonomously.
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PMID:Effects of transfection of p210bcr-abl and bcr-v-abl into the factor-dependent human leukemia cell line HSM-911. 944 46

We analyzed CD95(Fas/APO-1) antigen expression on bone marrow blasts in 38 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving a treatment in the Department of Leukaemias at the Cancer Research Center in 1987-1989 years (n = 22) and in 1994-1997 years (n = 16). CD95 antigen expression was studied by monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) IPO-4 in indirect immunofluorescence analysis. CD95 antigen was expressed on 35.8 +/- 7.5% bone marrow blasts, most frequently (63.6%) in the clinically favourable Pre-B ALL. Only in this group CD95 antigen expression was correlated with CD10 antigen expression that has a positive influence to the time of complete remission in ALL patients. Our data showed that CD95 expression on blast cells is a favourable prognostic sign, associated with increased relapse-free and total survival. On the contrary, the absence of CD95 antigen on blasts is an unfavourable sign for disease evolution.
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PMID:CD95 (FAS/APO-1) antigen is a new prognostic marker of blast cells of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients. 1050 Aug

Negative selection is a process by which autoreactive lymphocytes are eliminated from the developing antigen receptor repertoire. The mechanisms regulating negative selection of immature B lymphocytes in the bone marrow are poorly elucidated. Human bone marrow cells were examined in order to investigate the presence of the members of the Fas (APO-1/CD95) system. Here we demonstrate the expression of Fas in immature B lymphocytes (CD10/CD19+/CD40+/sIg+), and the presence of Fas natural ligand (FasL) in CD19+ bone marrow cells. The observed expression of apoptosis-related molecules might indicate how negative selection of autoreactive B cells can occur in human bone marrow.
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PMID:Immature B cells in bone marrow express Fas/FasL. 1073 97

In recent years, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been classified by DNA microarray analysis into the germinal center B-cell-like (GC) type, the activated B-cell-like (ABC) type and type 3. The latter two types can be collectively categorized as the non-GC (NGC) type. From the prognostic perspective, the GC type has a favorable clinical outcome when compared with the NGC type. The protein Fas induces apoptosis of lymphocytes by binding with the Fas ligand (FasL), and escape from such apoptosis is considered to lead to malignant transformation of the cells and unrestricted growth of lymphoma. We proposed a hypothesis that Fas/FasL expression could be possibly related with a better survival of GC type DLBCL and evaluated 69 DLBCL cases immunohistochemically with CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1, Fas and FasL. These lymphomas were classified as GC type (positive for CD10 or Bcl-6 and negative for MUM1) or NGC type. The GC type had a better overall survival rate than the NGC type (P = 0.0723). Among markers as given above, positive CD10 was the most significant prognostic factor for overall survival in total DLBCL (P < 0.05). In the GC type, Fas and FasL expressions were significantly associated with a favorable overall survival (Fas: P < 0.005; FasL: P < 0.05). Hence, Fas or FasL expression might contribute to a better prognosis of this type of DLBCL.
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PMID:Fas and Fas ligand expression on germinal center type-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is associated with the clinical outcome. 1649 23

Brucella spp. establish an intracellular replicative niche in macrophages, while macrophages attempt to eliminate the bacteria by innate defense mechanisms. Brucella spp. possess similar genomes yet exhibit different macrophage infections. Few B. melitensis and B. neotomae enter macrophages with intracellular adaptation occurring over 4-8 hr. Conversely, B. ovis are readily ingested by macrophages and exhibit a persistent plateau of infection. Evaluating early macrophage interaction with Brucella spp. allows discovery of host entry and intracellular translocation mechanisms. Microarray analysis of macrophage transcriptional response following a 4 hr infection by different Brucella spp. revealed common macrophage genes altered in expression compared to uninfected macrophages. Macrophage infection with three different Brucella spp. provokes a common innate immune theme with increased transcript levels of chemokines and defense response genes and decreased transcript levels of GTPase signaling and cytoskeletal function that may affect trafficking of Brucella containing vesicles. For example, transcript levels of genes associated with chemotaxis (IL-1beta, MIP-1alpha), cytokine regulation (Socs3) and defense (Fas, Tnf) were increased, while transcript levels of genes associated with vesicular trafficking (Rab3d) and lysosomal associated enzymes (prosaposin) were decreased. Genes with altered macrophage transcript levels among Brucella spp. infections may correlate with species specific host defenses and intracellular survival strategies. Depending on the infecting Brucella species, gene ontology categorization identified genes differentially involved in cell growth and maintenance, endopeptidase inhibitor activity and G-protein mediated signaling. Examples of decreased gene expression in B. melitensis infection but not other Brucella spp. were growth arrest (Gas2), immunoglobulin receptor (FcgammarI) and chemokine receptor (Cxcr4) genes, suggesting opposing effects on intracellular functions.
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PMID:Brucella melitensis, B. neotomae and B. ovis elicit common and distinctive macrophage defense transcriptional responses. 1993 66

We established a new lymphoma cell line, designated CTB-1, from pericardial effusion of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This cell line showing vigorous growth ability has undergone 260 passages over a period of 34 months in suspension culture, and is heterotransplantable to nude mice. The cultured cells were positive for CD10, CD19, CD20, CD21, HLA-DR, and surface IgG kappa, and negative for T cell antigens. Chromosomal analysis revealed a t(14;22)(q32;q11) that is consistent with original lymphoma cells. CTB-1 cells show the high cell surface expression level of Fas antigen/APO-1. However, ligation of Fas antigen with anti-Fas monoclonal antibody (clone CH-11) did not induce apoptosis of CTB-1 cells. This suggests that Fas itself or the downstream signaling pathways of Fas may be impaired in this cell line. This new cell line may provide a useful in vitro system to study the biology and pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma which is independent of Fas-mediated apoptosis.
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PMID:Establishment of a novel B-lymphoma cell line, CTB-1, with strong Pas antigen expression having chromosomal translocation (14;22). 2153 90


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