Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prostatic tissue has rarely been described in the lower female genital tract. We describe 6 cases of ectopic prostatic tissue: 5 involving the cervix and 1 the vagina. The latter is the first reported example of benign prostatic tissue in the vagina. The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 65 years; and in all cases, the prostatic tissue was located within the cervical or vaginal stroma without involvement of the surface. In all cases, there were both glandular and squamous elements, which varied in prominence. In some cases, the squamous elements predominated to such an extent that the underlying glandular component was easily overlooked. In the glandular areas, a double cell layer of luminal and basal cells was focally apparent. There was little cytologic atypia or mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically, 3 of 6 cases were positive with prostate specific antigen (PSA) and all 6 cases marked with prostatic acid phosphatase (PSAP). In some of the positive cases, staining was focal. Positive staining with prostatic markers was confined to the glandular elements with no staining of the squamous areas. Immunohistochemical staining with the high molecular weight cytokeratin 34betaE12 highlighted the basal cell layer, which often extended into the center of the cellular islands, reminiscent of basal cell hyperplasia involving the prostate gland. All cases tested were CD10 positive (largely restricted to the basal cell layer), alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase positive, and p16 negative. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were negative in the glandular areas, but ER was positive in the squamous elements in all cases and PR was positive in 1 case. All cases tested were androgen receptor positive and exhibited a low MIB-1 proliferation index with only scattered positive nuclei. The presence of ectopic prostatic tissue in the lower female genital tract may be more common than is appreciated. Once the possibility is considered, the diagnosis is easily confirmed using immunohistochemistry, although staining with prostatic markers may be focal and PSA may be negative. Ectopic prostatic tissue in the lower female genital tract is almost certainly a benign condition, based on the morphology, including the presence of a double cell layer, although follow-up of larger numbers of cases is required. Possible theories of histogenesis include a developmental anomaly, metaplasia of preexisting endocervical glands, and derivation from mesonephric remnants.
 ...
PMID:Ectopic prostatic tissue in the uterine cervix and vagina: report of a series with a detailed immunohistochemical analysis. 1643 95

Taspase1 was identified as the threonine endopeptidase that cleaves mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) for proper Hox gene expression in vitro. To investigate its functions in vivo, we generated Taspase1(-/-) mice. Taspase1 deficiency results in noncleavage (nc) of MLL and MLL2 and homeotic transformations. Remarkably, our in vivo studies uncover an unexpected role of Taspase1 in the cell cycle. Taspase1(-/-) animals are smaller in size. Taspase1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit impaired proliferation, and acute deletion of Taspase1 leads to a marked reduction of thymocytes. Taspase1 deficiency incurs down-regulation of Cyclin Es, As, and Bs and up-regulation of p16(Ink4a) . We show that MLL and MLL2 directly target E2Fs for Cyclin expression. The uncleaved precursor MLL displays a reduced histone H3 methyl transferase activity in vitro. Accordingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate a markedly decreased histone H3 K4 trimethylation at Cyclin E1 and E2 genes in Taspase1(-/-) cells. Furthermore, MLL(nc/nc;2nc/nc) MEFs are also impaired in proliferation. Our data are consistent with a model in which precursor MLLs, activated by Taspase1, target to Cyclins through E2Fs to methylate histone H3 at K4, leading to activation. Lastly, Taspase1(-/-) cells are resistant to oncogenic transformation, and Taspase1 is overexpressed in many cancer cell lines. Thus, Taspase1 may serve as a target for cancer therapeutics.
 ...
PMID:Proteolysis of MLL family proteins is essential for taspase1-orchestrated cell cycle progression. 1695 Dec 54

As with biopsies from other sites in the female genital tract, immunohistochemistry is now being increasingly used in cervical pathology as an aid to diagnosis. In this review, I discuss applications of immunohistochemistry in diagnostic cervical pathology with a particular focus on recent developments. It is emphasised that immunohistochemistry is to be used as an adjunct to routine morphological examination and that no marker is totally specific or sensitive for a given lesion. Although much of this review focuses on glandular lesions, the value of markers, such as MIB1 and p16, in the assessment of pre-invasive cervical squamous lesions is discussed. In the broad field of cervical glandular lesions, topics covered include: the value of markers such as MIB1, p16 and bcl-2 in distinguishing adenocarcinoma in situ and glandular dysplasia from benign mimics; markers of mesonephric lesions, including CD10; markers of value in the diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma, such as HIK1083; markers of value in distinguishing metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma in the ovary from primary ovarian endometrioid or mucinous adenocarcinoma. Rarely ectopic prostatic tissue occurs in the cervix, which can be confirmed by positive staining with prostatic markers. A panel of markers, comprising oestrogen receptor, vimentin, monoclonal carcinoembryonic antigen and p16, is of value in distinguishing between a cervical adenocarcinoma and an endometrial adenocarcinoma of endometrioid type. Markers of use in the diagnosis of cervical neuroendocrine neoplasms, including small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, are discussed. It is stressed that small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas may be negative with most of the commonly used neuroendocrine markers and this does not preclude the diagnosis. p63, a useful marker of squamous neoplasms within the cervix, is of value in distinguishing small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (p63 negative) from small cell squamous carcinoma (p63 positive) and in confirming that a poorly differentiated carcinoma is squamous in type.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic aid in cervical pathology. 1736 26

Uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Mullerian tumor) is an uncommon female genital tract neoplasm characterized by an admixture of epithelial and stromal malignant cells. We report a case of 50-year-old peri-menopausal woman diagnosed to have early-stage (IB due to FIGO) uterine carcinosarcoma of the homologous type with superficial (3mm) myo-invasion. The patient showed no clinical symptoms of the disease and had no family history of female genital tract malignancies. Positive immunostaining for steroid receptors (estrogen-alpha and progesterone receptors), cytokeratin, and EGFR was detected only in the carcinomatous area, whereas beta-catenin, BCL-2, COX-2, p16(INK4a), PTEN, RB-1, and vimentin were immunoreactive in both components. Androgen receptor, CD10, desmin, HER-2/neu, and P53 were found to be negative either in the carcinomatous or in the sarcomatous area. Tumor proliferative activity was higher in the carcinomatous (25%) than in the sarcomatous (2%) component. Based on these findings, immunohistochemical evaluation of multiple receptor status in the carcinomatous and sarcomatous areas of carcinosarcoma may provide a clue to the pathogenesis and hormonal receptor status of this uncommon uterine malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical analysis of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in the uterine carcinosarcoma: a case report. 1820 53

Mucinous and microglandular adenocarcinomas of the endometrium (MUC-AD and MIGL-AD, respectively) are uncommon types of endometrial cancer. When present in endometrial biopsy or curettage, these tumors may display a unique microglandular architectural pattern mimicking benign microglandular hyperplasia (MGH) of the endocervix. We compared the immunoprofile of MUC-AD and MIGL-AD with that of MGH and benign endocervical glands to identify the markers that would reliably separate these malignancies from benign endocervical tissue. A total of 10 MIGL-AD and 30 MUC-AD cases were collected for the study. Fifteen consecutive cases of benign endocervical glands and MGH were used as a control group. All cases were stained for vimentin, p16, Ki-67, BCL-2, survivin, CD10, and CD34. p16 was the only marker that showed a significantly different staining pattern between the benign and malignant cases, whereas the staining for vimentin, Ki-67, BCL-2, and survivin demonstrated marked overlaps. All but 1 MUC-AD and MIGL-AD cases were positive for p16, whereas none of the cases of benign mucinous endocervical epithelium and MGH showed p16 positivity. Furthermore, the stromal cells of endocervix demonstrated weak to moderate positivity for CD10 and strong positivity for CD34, whereas endometrial tumors showed a reverse pattern, with strong stromal positivity for CD10 and either no, or only weak, staining for CD34. In conclusion, epithelial p16 and stromal CD10/CD34 immunostaining can be useful in distinguishing MUC-AD and MIGL-AD from benign endocervical epithelium in endometrial sampling.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical differences between mucinous and microglandular adenocarcinomas of the endometrium and benign endocervical epithelium. 2056 57

We report a 68-year-old Korean man presenting with asymptomatic erythematous polycyclic annular firm plaques on his back that spread to the right shoulder. Histopathologic examination showed dense, diffuse infiltrates involving the entire dermis, consisting of atypical lymphocytes with many centrocytes and a few centroblasts. Spindle-shaped cells with elongated, twisted nuclei containing dispersed chromatin were also seen. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that all of the cells were strongly positive for CD20, CD21, CD79a and CD45, while they were negative for CD3, CD5, CD10, CD23, CD35, CD43, CD45RO and CD68. The spindle cells were also negative for smooth-muscle actin, desmin, S-100 and CD34. They consistently expressed nuclear bcl-6, but did not express bcl-2, multiple myeloma-1 and p16. We diagnosed him with primary cutaneous spindle cell B-cell lymphoma (PCSBCL) and treated him with six cycles of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab (R-CHOP) chemotherapy; his skin lesions disappeared completely. Immunohistochemical profiles suggest that PCSBCL is a variant of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:Primary cutaneous spindle cell B-cell lymphoma with multiple figurate erythema-like manifestation. 1912 34

Although intermediate trophoblastic tumors (ITTs) are rare forms of trophoblastic neoplasia, their recognition is important as they require distinct therapeutic approaches. We have noted mixed trophoblastic tumors, with a combination of placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor patterns within the same case, and more frequently a combination of ITT with choriocarcinoma, which can create difficulty in the classification of these tumors. The distinction of the ITTs from choriocarcinoma is important because ITTs do not respond as well to chemotherapy as choriocarcinoma. In addition, ITTs can be confused with a variety of malignant neoplasms, the most common of which is poorly differentiated carcinoma of the cervix. Immunohistochemistry is one means of identifying trophoblastic tumors and of distinguishing them from other entities. We investigated the immunophenotype of 15 ITTs, 11 choriocarcinomas, and 10 primary cervical carcinomas using a panel of human placental lactogen, p63, CK5/6, CK18, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human leukocyte antigen (HLAG), Mel-CAM, (CD146) carcinoembryonic antigen, CD10, inhibin, p16, and pan-keratin. CD10 was positive in all the cases of ITT and choriocarcinoma. HLA-G expression was present in 93% of ITTs and all choriocarcinoma cases. hCG was positive in 87% of ITTs and 100% of choriocarcinomas. We concluded that a panel consisting of HLA-G, CD10, and hCG can be very helpful in the identification of the ITTs. Adding CK5/6 to these markers can help to differentiate ITT from primary cervical carcinoma. However, the distinction of ITTs from choriocarcinoma cannot be accomplished on immunohistochemical studies, as they have similar immunophenotypes.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical studies of trophoblastic tumors. 1914 4

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare tumor in the pediatric population. Recently, a phenotypically and genetically distinct kidney carcinoma, mainly prevalent in children and associated with an Xp11.2 translocation or TFE3 gene fusion, has been described. It has been advanced that in this subtype of RCC, there is an accumulation of cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and p21 ((wafl/cip1)). The aim of the present study was to figure out in two pediatric RCC recently diagnosed in our department (one clear cell-type RCC and one TFE3-positive RCC) whether those features are indeed specific of the latter tumor or occur in pediatric RCC irrespective of the tumor type. The following immunostains were performed in both cases: Ki67, p16(ink4a), p21 ((wafl/cip1)), p27(kip1), p53, p63, mdm2, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, TFE3, CD10, vimentin, E-cadherin, and RCC-antigen. We observed in the TFE3-positive carcinoma an intense immunoreaction for p21 ((wafl/cip1)), cyclin D1, and cyclin D3, without expression for p53, p16, p27(kip1), and mdm2, whereas the immunoexpression profile observed in the classic RCC was similar to that of clear cell, adult-type RCC. Our study confirms that TFE3-positive RCC exhibits a deregulation of the cell cycle apparently unrelated to the young age of the patients.
 ...
PMID:Altered expression of key cell cycle regulators in renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation. 1924 64

Endometrioid carcinoma is a common tumor of the female genital tract, mainly affecting the uterus corpus and ovary. In the fallopian tube, endometrioid carcinoma is relatively uncommon. The female adnexal tumor of probable wolffian origin (FATWO), although occasionally seen elsewhere, is most typically encountered in the broad ligament. Endometrioid carcinoma of the fallopian tube resembling FATWO is a rare type of endometrioid carcinoma, and only 20 cases have been reported to date. Here, we report a case of endometrioid carcinoma of the fallopian tube resembling FATWO and review the literature. A 67-year-old woman presented with a history of prolapse for about one month outside the vulva. Physical examination and pelvic ultrasonography of the patient revealed a streak mass covering the left ovary. A total hysterectomy and a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were performed. The tumor was confined to the tube and strongly resembled FATWO. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and p16, but negative for CD10, inhibin-alpha, calretinin, vimentin, myogenin, and desmin, CD99,CgA, and Syn. We review the previously published cases of endometrioid carcinomas of the fallopian tube resembling FATWO, and discuss the principal differential diagnosis of the tumor in the fallopian tube.
 ...
PMID:Endometrioid carcinoma of the fallopian tube resembling an adnexal tumor of probable wolffian origin: a case of report and review of the literature. 1945 22

Uterine sarcomas are rare tumors that account for 3% to 7% of uterine cancers. Their histopathologic classification was revised by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2003. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of different subtypes of uterine sarcoma applying the WHO criteria to a series of cases, compare the outcome of patients with different subtypes, and compare their immunoprofiles using a panel of immunomarkers. Thirty-four uterine sarcomas were identified for a 20-year period (1988-2008). Eighteen benign tumors of smooth muscle or endometrial stromal origin served as a comparison group. A tissue microarray was prepared and immunostaining performed for 10 selected oncoproteins involved in cell proliferation (Ki-67, P53, p16, and phosphatase and tensin homolog [PTEN]), cell differentiation (CD10, h-caldesmon, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor), and apoptosis (bcl-2 and Twist). Hierarchical clustering analysis of the immunohistochemical results was performed. The uterine sarcomas were classified as follows: 20 leiomyosarcomas, 9 endometrial stromal sarcomas, and 5 undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas. The outcome for patients with uterine sarcoma was poor, irrespective of histologic type, even for those with stage I tumors. Of the patients with follow-up available, 12 (67%) of 18 with leiomyosarcoma, 4 of 5 with undifferentiated sarcoma, and 4 of 7 with endometrial stromal sarcoma experienced recurrence and 8 patients with high-grade sarcomas died of tumor. In our series, most uterine sarcomas were leiomyosarcomas. Comparison was made between leiomyosarcomas that recurred and those with a favorable outcome and 3 patients with leiomyosarcoma without evidence of recurrence on long-term follow-up had tumors that were negative/low expressors of Ki-67, p53, p16, and Twist, with strong expression of bcl-2. A subset of undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas composed of cells with uniform nuclei may be a separate entity from those with nuclear anaplasia and may be related to low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. It may be possible to identify a subset of leiomyosarcomas with a favorable prognosis based on staining with a panel of immunomarkers for cell proliferation and apoptosis.
 ...
PMID:Comparative clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of uterine sarcomas diagnosed using the World Health Organization classification system. 1954 May 55


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>