Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.4.24.11 (CD10)
 9,792 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a long-standing controversy as to whether a single bone marrow (BM)-derived cell can differentiate along both hematopoietic and stromal lineages. Both primitive hematopoietic and stromal progenitor cells in human BM express the CD34 antigen but lack expression of other surface markers, such as CD38. In this study we examined the CD34+, CD38- fraction of human fetal BM by multiparameter fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis and single-cell sorting. CD34+, C38- cells could be divided into HLA-DR+ and HLA-DR- fractions. After single-cell sorting, 59% of the HLA-DR+ cells formed hematopoietic colonies. In contrast, the CD34+, CD38-, HLA-DR- cells were much more heterogeneous with respect to their light scatter properties, expression of other hematopoietic markers (CD10, CD36, CD43, CD49b, CD49d, CD49e, CD50, CD62E, CD90w, CD105, and CD106), and growth properties. Single CD34+, CD38-, HLA-DR- cells sorted into individual culture wells formed either hematopoietic or stromal colonies. The presence or absence of CD50 (ICAM-3) expression distinguished hematopoietic from stromal progenitors within the CD34+, CD38-, HLA-DR- population. The CD50+ fraction had light scatter characteristics and growth properties of hematopoietic progenitor cells. In contrast, the CD50- fraction lacked hematopoietic progenitor activity but contained clonogenic stromal progenitors at a mean frequency of 5%. We tested the hypothesis that cultures derived from single cells with the CD34+, CD38-, HLA-DR- phenotype could differentiate along both a hematopoietic and stromal lineage. The cultures contained a variety of mesenchymal cell types and mononuclear cells that had the morphologic appearance of histiocytes. Immunophenotyping of cells from these cultures indicated a stromal rather than a hematopoietic origin. In addition, the growth of the histiocytic cells was independent of the presence or the absence of hematopoietic growth factors. Based on sorting more than 30,000 single cells with the CD34+, CD38-, HLA-DR- phenotype into individual culture wells, and an analysis of 864 stromal cultures initiated by single CD34+ BM cells, this study does not support the hypothesis of a single common progenitor for both hematopoietic and stromal lineages within human fetal BM.
 ...
PMID:The "common stem cell" hypothesis reevaluated: human fetal bone marrow contains separate populations of hematopoietic and stromal progenitors. 753 14

Human bone marrow stromal cells are a multipotent population of cells capable of differentiating into a number of mesodermal lineages as well as supporting hematopoeisis. Their distinct protein and gene expression phenotype is well characterized in the literature. Human adipose tissue presents an alternative source of multipotent stromal cells. In this study, we have defined the phenotype of the human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in both the differentiated and undifferentiated states. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry show that human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells have a protein expression phenotype that is similar to that of human bone marrow stromal cells. Expressed proteins include CD9, CD10, CD13, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD 49(d), CD 49(e), CD54, CD55, CD59, CD105, CD106, CD146, and CD166. Expression of some of these proteins was further confirmed by PCR and immunoblot detection. Unlike human bone marrow-derived stromal cells, we did not detect the STRO-1 antigen on human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Cells cultured under adipogenic conditions uniquely expressed C/EBPalpha and PPARdelta, two transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis. Cells cultured under osteogenic conditions were more likely to be in the proliferative phases of the cell cycle based on flow cytometric analysis of PCNA and Ki67. The similarities between the phenotypes of human adipose tissue-derived and human bone marrow-derived stromal cells could have broad implications for human tissue engineering.
 ...
PMID:Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. 1157 4

Cartilage tissue engineering relies on in vitro expansion of primary chondrocytes. Monolayer is the chosen culture model for chondrocyte expansion because in this system the proliferative capacity of chondrocytes is substantially higher compared to non-adherent systems. However, human articular chondrocytes (HACs) cultured as monolayers undergo changes in phenotype and gene expression known as "dedifferentiation." To gain a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the dedifferentiation process, our research focused on the characterization of the surface molecule phenotype of HACs in monolayer culture. Adult HACs were isolated by enzymatic digestion of cartilage samples obtained post-mortem. HACs cultured in monolayer for different time periods were analyzed by flow cytometry for the expression of cell surface markers with a panel of 52 antibodies. Our results show that HACs express surface molecules belonging to different categories: integrins and other adhesion molecules (CD49a, CD49b, CD49c, CD49e, CD49f, CD51/61, CD54, CD106, CD166, CD58, CD44), tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81, CD82, CD151), receptors (CD105, CD119, CD130, CD140a, CD221, CD95, CD120a, CD71, CD14), ectoenzymes (CD10, CD26), and other surface molecules (CD90, CD99). Moreover, differential expression of certain markers in monolayer culture was identified. Up-regulation of markers on HACs regarded as distinctive for mesenchymal stem cells (CD10, CD90, CD105, CD166) during monolayer culture suggested that dedifferentiation leads to reversion to a primitive phenotype. This study contributes to the definition of HAC phenotype, and provides new potential markers to characterize chondrocyte differentiation stage in the context of tissue engineering applications.
 ...
PMID:Immunophenotypic analysis of human articular chondrocytes: changes in surface markers associated with cell expansion in monolayer culture. 1538 73

We studied mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, placenta, and thymus. Morphological study and cytofluorometrical analysis by the main marker genes (CD10, CD13, CD31, CD44, CD90, CD105) were carried out. Mesemchymal stem cells of the studied tissues during isolation and culturing were morphologically similar and did not differ by the expression of the main marker genes.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from different human tissues. 1602 90

The umbilical cord contains an inexhaustible, noncontroversial source of stem cells for therapy. In the U.S., stem cells found in the umbilical cord are routinely placed into bio-hazardous waste after birth. Here, stem cells derived from human umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly, called umbilical cord matrix stem (UCMS) cells, are characterized. UCMS cells have several properties that make them of interest as a source of cells for therapeutic use. For example, they 1) can be isolated in large numbers, 2) are negative for CD34 and CD45, 3) grow robustly and can be frozen/thawed, 4) can be clonally expanded, and 5) can easily be engineered to express exogenous proteins. UCMS cells have genetic and surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells (positive for CD10, CD13, CD29, CD44, and CD90 and negative for CD14, CD33, CD56, CD31, CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR) and appear to be stable in terms of their surface marker expression in early passage (passages 4-8). Unlike traditional mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult bone marrow stromal cells, small populations of UCMS cells express endoglin (SH2, CD105) and CD49e at passage 8. UCMS cells express growth factors and angiogenic factors, suggesting that they may be used to treat neurodegenerative disease. To test the therapeutic value of UCMS cells, undifferentiated human UCMS cells were transplanted into the brains of hemiparkinsonian rats that were not immune-suppressed. UCMS cells ameliorated apomorphine-induced rotations in the pilot test. UCMS cells transplanted into normal rats did not produce brain tumors, rotational behavior, or a frank host immune rejection response. In summary, the umbilical cord matrix appears to be a rich, noncontroversial, and inexhaustible source of primitive mesenchymal stem cells.
 ...
PMID:Human umbilical cord matrix stem cells: preliminary characterization and effect of transplantation in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. 1622 52

Human cartilage is reported to contain multipotent stromal cells. We evaluated the effect of human cartilage-derived stromal cells (CDSCs) on heart function when transplanted into the infarcted myocardium of rats. CDSCs were isolated and cultured from human articular cartilage and subjected to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. The CDSCs were consistently negative for CD14, CD34, CD38, CD45, CD49f, CD104, CD105, CD106, CD117, HLA-DR, and ABCG-2, and positive for CD10, CD44, CD71, CD73, CD90, CD147, and HLA-A, -B, and -C by FACS analysis. Myocardial infarction (MI) was created in rats by ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Three weeks after MI, the CDSCs labeled with Hoechst stain were injected into the infarct and border zone. Echocardiography, histological examination, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed 4 weeks after cell transplantation. Echocardiography indicated that CDSC transplantation could improve heart function. The number of capillaries increased in the injection regions in the transplantation group. Histological examination showed that Hoechst-labeled CDSCs in islands within the infarcted region were stained positively for desmin and smooth muscle actin but negatively for alpha-sarcomeric actin and troponin-I. RT-PCR results indicated the expression level of collagen I, collagen III, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, transforming growth factor-beta1, and vascular endothelia growth factor were much higher in the scar tissue in the transplantation group than in the medium and control groups. Our findings suggested that CDSCs might promote angiogenesis, prevent left ventricular remodeling, and improve the heart function when transplanted into injured heart in the rat model of myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:Cartilage-derived stromal cells: is it a novel cell resource for cell therapy to regenerate infarcted myocardium? 1623 22

Populations of human mesenchymal stem cells were derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Here analysis of six individuals is represented. Cells were isolated, expanded and evaluated by the expression of surface antigens using flow cytometry. These cells displayed similar characteristics for many markers. Cells isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue were found to be homogeneously positive for CD13, CD44, CD90, CD105, and negative for CD45, CD34, CD31 and CD117. Besides, differences in surface antigene CD10 expression between narrow and adipose tissue-derived cells were detected. All these findings indicate that both bone marrow and adipose tissue are important sources of mesenchymal stem cells, which could be used in cell therapy protocols.
 ...
PMID:[Characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and adipose tissue]. 1670 75

The differentiation of B lymphocytes in the bone marrow is guided by the surrounding microenvironment determined by cytokines, adhesion molecules, and the extracellular matrix. These microenvironmental factors are mainly provided by stromal cells. In this paper, we report the identification of a VCAM-1-positive stromal cell population by flow cytometry. This population showed the expression of cell surface markers known to be present on stromal cells (CD10, CD13, CD90, CD105) and had a fibroblastoid phenotype in vitro. Single cell RT-PCR analysis of its cytokine expression pattern revealed transcripts for haematopoietic cytokines important for either the early B lymphopoiesis like flt3L or the survival of long-lived plasma cells like BAFF or both processes like SDF-1. Whereas SDF-1 transcripts were detectable in all VCAM-1-positive cells, flt3L and BAFF were only expressed by some cells suggesting the putative existence of different subpopulations with distinct functional properties. In summary, the VCAM-1-positive cell population seems to be a candidate stromal cell population supporting either developing B cells and/or long-lived plasma cells in human bone marrow.
 ...
PMID:VCAM-1-positive stromal cells from human bone marrow producing cytokines for B lineage progenitors and for plasma cells: SDF-1, flt3L, and BAFF. 1706 79

Conventionally, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are generated by plating cells from bone marrow (BM) or other sources into culture flasks and selecting plastic-adherent cells with fibroblastoid morphology. These cells express CD9, CD10, CD13, CD73, CD105, CD166, and other markers but show only a weak or no expression of the embryonic markers stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4), Oct-4 and nanog-3. Using a novel protocol we prepared MSC from BM and non-amniotic placenta (PL) by culture of Ficoll-selected cells in gelatin-coated flasks in the presence of a serum-free, basic fibroblast growth factor (b-FGF)-containing medium that was originally designed for the expansion of human embryonic stem cells (ESC). MSC generated in gelatin-coated flasks in the presence of ESC medium revealed a four-to fivefold higher proliferation rate than conventionally prepared MSC which were grown in uncoated flasks in serum-containing medium. In contrast, the colony forming unit fibroblast number was only 1.5- to twofold increased in PL-MSC and not affected in BM-MSC. PL-MSC grown in ESC medium showed an increased surface expression of SSEA-4 and frizzled-9 (FZD-9), an increased Oct-4 and nestin mRNA expression, and an induced expression of nanog-3. BM-MSC showed an induced expression of FZD-9, nanog-3, and Oct-4. In contrast to PL-MSC, only BM-MSC expressed the MSC-specific W8B2 antigen. When cultured under appropriate conditions, these MSC gave rise to functional adipocytes and osteoblast-like cells (mesoderm), glucagon and insulin expressing pancreatic-like cells (endoderm), as well as cells expressing the neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase, glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD), or class III beta-tubulin, and the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (ectoderm). In conclusion, using a novel protocol we demonstrate that adult BM-and neonatal PL-derived MSC can be induced to express high levels of FZD-9, Oct-4, nanog-3, and nestin and are able of multi-lineage differentiation.
 ...
PMID:Human placenta and bone marrow derived MSC cultured in serum-free, b-FGF-containing medium express cell surface frizzled-9 and SSEA-4 and give rise to multilineage differentiation. 1728 45

The isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from primary tissue is hampered by the limited selectivity of available markers. So far, CD271 is one of the most specific markers for bone marrow (BM)-derived MSC. In search of additional markers, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with specificity for immature cells were screened by flow cytometry for their specific reactivity with the rare CD271(+) population. The recognized CD271(+) populations were fractionated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and the clonogenic capacity of the sorted cells was analyzed for their ability to give rise to CFU-F. The results showed that only the CD271(bright) but not the CD271(dim) population contained CFU-F. Two-color flow cytometry analysis revealed that only the CD271(bright) population was positive for the established MSC markers CD10, CD13, CD73, and CD105. In addition, a variety of mAbs specific for novel and partially unknown antigens selectively recognized the CD271(bright) population but no other BM cells. The new MSC-specific molecules included the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (CD140b), HER-2/erbB2 (CD340), frizzled-9 (CD349), the recently described W8B2 antigen, as well as cell-surface antigens defined by the antibodies W1C3, W3D5, W4A5, W5C4, W5C5, W7C6, 9A3, 58B1, F9-3C2F1, and HEK-3D6. In conclusion, the described markers are suitable for the prospective isolation of highly purified BM-MSC. These MSC may be used as an improved starting population for transplantation in diseases like osteogenesis imperfecta, cartilage repair, and myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:Novel markers for the prospective isolation of human MSC. 1739 29


1 2 3 Next >>